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Maggasaccaniddesavaṇṇanā [36] Maggasaccaniddese ayamevāti aññamaggappaṭikkhepanatthaṃ 1- niyamanaṃ. Ariyoti taṃtaṃmaggavajjhakilesehi ārakattā, ariyabhāvakarattā, ariyaphalappaṭilābhakarattā ca ariyo. Aṭṭha aṅgāni assāti aṭṭhaṅgiko. Svāyaṃ caturaṅgikā viya senā, pañcaṅgikaṃ viya tūriyaṃ aṅgamattameva hoti, aṅgavinimutto natthi. Idāni aṅgamattameva maggo aṅgavinimutto natthīti dassento sammādiṭṭhi .pe. Sammāsamādhītiādimāha. Tattha sammā dassanalakkhaṇā sammādiṭṭhi, sammā abhiniropanalakkhaṇo sammāsaṅkappo, sammā pariggahalakkhaṇā sammāvācā, sammā samuṭṭhāpanalakkhaṇo sammākammanto, sammā upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇā sammāsati, sammā paggahalakkhaṇo sammāvāyāmo, sammā upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇā sammāsati, sammā samādhānalakkhaṇo sammāsamādhi. Tesu ekekassa tīṇi tīṇi kiccāni honti. Seyyathidaṃ, sammādiṭṭhi tāva aññehipi attano paccanīkakilesehi saddhiṃ micchādiṭṭhiṃ pajahati, nirodhañca ārammaṇaṃ karoti, sampayuttadhamme ca passati tappaṭicchādakamohavidhamanavasena asammohato. Sammāsaṅkappādayopi tatheva micchāsaṅkappādīni ca pajahanti, nibbānañca ārammaṇaṃ karonti. Visesato panettha sammāsaṅkappo sahajātadhamme sammā abhiniropeti, sammāvācā sammā pariggaṇhāti, sammākammanto sammā samuṭṭhāpeti, sammāājīvo sammā vodāpeti, sammāvāyāmo sammā paggaṇhāti, sammāsati sammā upaṭṭhāpeti, sammāsamādhi sammā samādahati. Apicesā sammādiṭṭhi nāma pubbabhāge nānākkhaṇā nānārammaṇā hoti, maggakāle ekakkhaṇā ekārammaṇā. Kiccato pana "dukkhe ñāṇan"tiādīni cattāri nāmāni labhati. Sammāsaṅkappādayopi pubbabhāge nānākkhaṇā nānārammaṇā honti, @Footnote: 1 abhi.A. 2/105/122--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page175.
Maggakāle ekakkhaṇā ekārammaṇā. Tesu sammāsaṅkappo kiccato nekkhamma- saṅkappotiādīni tīṇi nāmāni labhati. Sammāvācādayo tayo pubbabhāge viratiyopi honti cetanāyopi, maggakkhaṇe pana viratiyoyeva. Sammāvāyāmo sammāsatīti idampi dvayaṃ kiccato sammappadhānasatipaṭṭhānavasena cattāri nāmāni labhati. Sammāsamādhi pana pubbabhāgepi maggakkhaṇepi sammāsamādhiyeva. Iti imesu aṭṭhasu dhammesu bhagavatā nibbānādhigamāya paṭipannassa yogino bahūpakārattā paṭhamaṃ sammādiṭṭhi desitā. Ayaṃ hi "paññāpajjoto paññāsatthan"ti 1- ca vuttā. Tasmā etāya pubbabhāge vipassanāñāṇasaṅkhātāya sammādiṭṭhiyā avijjandhakāraṃ vidhamitvā kilesacore ghātento khemena yogāvacaro nibbānaṃ pāpuṇāti. Tasmā paṭhamaṃ sammādiṭṭhi desitā. Sammāsaṅkappo pana tassā bahūpakāro. Tasmā tadanantaraṃ vutto. Yathā hi heraññiko hatthena parivattetvā parivattetvā cakkhunā kahāpaṇaṃ olokento "ayaṃ kūṭo ayaṃ cheko"ti jānāti, evaṃ yogāvacaropi pubbabhāge vitakkena vitakketvā vitakketvā vipassanāpaññāya olokayamāno "ime dhammā kāmāvacarā, ime rūpāvacarādayo"ti jānāti. Yathā vā pana purisena koṭiyaṃ gahetvā parivattetvā parivattetvā dinnaṃ mahārukkhaṃ tacchako vāsiyā tacchetvā kamme upaneti, evaṃ vitakkena vitakketvā vitakketvā dinnadhamme yogāvacaro paññāya "ime kāmāvacarā, ime rūpāvacarā"tiādinā nayena paricchinditvā kamme upaneti. Tasmā sammāsaṅkappo sammādiṭṭhānantaraṃ vutto. Svāyaṃ yathā sammādiṭṭhiyā, evaṃ sammāvācāyapi upakārako. Yathāha "pubbe kho gahapati vitakketvā vicāretvā pacchā vācaṃ bhindatī"ti. 2- Tasmā tadanantaraṃ sammāvācā vuttā. @Footnote: 1 abhi.saṅ. 34/24 2 Ma.mū. 12/463/413--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page176.
Yasmā pana "idañcidañca karissāmā"ti paṭhamaṃ vācāya saṃvidahitvā loke kammante payojenti. Tasmā vācā kāyakammassa upakārikāti sammāvācāya anantaraṃ sammākammanto vutto. Catubbidhaṃ pana vacīduccaritaṃ, tividhaṃ kāyaduccaritaṃ pahāya ubhayaṃ sucaritaṃ pūrentasseva yasmā ājīvaṭṭhamakasīlaṃ pūrati, na itarassa, tasmā tadubhayānantaraṃ sammāājīvo vutto. Evaṃ visuddhājīvena pana "parisuddho me ājīvo"ti ettāvatā paritosaṃ katvā suttappamattena viharituṃ na yuttaṃ, atha kho sabbairiyāpathesu idaṃ vīriyamārabhitabbanti dassetuṃ tadanantaraṃ sammāvāyāmo vutto. Tato āraddhavīriyenāpi kāyādīsu catūsu vatthūsu sati sūpaṭṭhitā kātabbāti dassetuṃ tadanantaraṃ sammāsati vuttā. Yasmā pana evaṃ sūpaṭṭhitāya satiyā samādhissa upakārānupakārānaṃ dhammānaṃ gatiyo samanvesitvā 1- pahoti ekattārammaṇe cittaṃ samādhātuṃ, tasmā sammāsatianantaraṃ sammāsamādhi vuttoti veditabboti. Sammādiṭṭhiniddese "dukkhe ñāṇan"tiādinā catusaccakammaṭṭhānaṃ dassitaṃ. Tattha purimāni dve saccāni vaṭṭaṃ, pacchimāni dve vivaṭṭaṃ, tesu bhikkhuno vaṭṭe kammaṭṭhānābhiniveso hoti, vivaṭṭe natthi abhiniveso. Purimāni hi dve saccāni "pañcakkhandhā dukkhaṃ, taṇhā samudayo"ti evaṃ saṅkhepena ca, "katame pañcakkhandhā, rūpakkhandho"tiādinā nayena vitthārena ca ācariyasantike uggaṇhitvā vācāya punappunaṃ parivattento yogāvacaro kammaṃ karoti. Itaresu pana dvīsu saccesu @Footnote: 1 cha.Ma. samannesitvā--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page177.
"nirodhasaccaṃ iṭṭhaṃ kantaṃ manāpaṃ, maggasaccaṃ iṭṭhaṃ kantaṃ manāpan"ti evaṃ savaneneva kammaṃ karoti. So evaṃ kammaṃ karonto cattāri saccāni ekapaṭivedhena paṭivijjhati, ekābhisamayena abhisameti. Dukkhaṃ pariññāpaṭivedhena paṭivijjhati, samudayaṃ pahānap- paṭivedhena paṭivijjhati. Nirodhaṃ sacchikiriyāpaṭivedhena paṭivijjhati, maggaṃ bhāvanā- paṭivedhena paṭivijjhati. Dukkhaṃ pariññābhisamayena .pe. Maggaṃ bhāvanābhisamayena abhisameti. Evamassa pubbabhāge dvīsu saccesu uggahaparipucchāsavanadhāraṇasammasanappaṭivedho hoti, dvīsu savanappaṭivedhoyeva. Aparabhāge tīsu kiccato paṭivedho hoti nirodhe ārammaṇappaṭivedho. Tattha sabbampi paṭivedhañāṇaṃ lokuttaraṃ, savanadhāraṇasammasanañāṇaṃ lokiyaṃ kāmāvacaraṃ. Paccavekkhaṇā pana pattasaccassa hoti, ayañca ādikammiko. Tasmā sā idha na vuttā. Imassa ca bhikkhuno pubbe pariggahato "dukkhaṃ parijānāmi, samudayaṃ pajahāmi, nirodhaṃ sacchikaromi, maggaṃ bhāvemī"ti ābhogasamannāhāramanasikāra- paccavekkhaṇā natthi, pariggahato paṭṭhāya hoti. Aparabhāge pana dukkhaṃ pariññātameva hoti .pe. Maggo bhāvitova hoti. Tattha dve saccāni duddasattā gambhīrāni, dve gambhīrattā duddasāni. Dukkhasaccaṃ hi uppattito pākaṭaṃ, khāṇukaṇṭakappahārādīsu "aho dukkhan"ti vattabbatampi āpajjati. Samudayasaccaṃ khāditukāmatābhuñjitukāmatādivasena uppattito pākaṭaṃ. Lakkhaṇappaṭivedhato pana ubhayampi gambhīraṃ. Iti tāni duddasattā gambhīrāni. Itaresaṃ pana dvinnaṃ dassanatthāya payogo bhavaggaggahaṇatthaṃ hatthappasāraṇaṃ viya, avīciphusanatthaṃ pādappasāraṇaṃ viya, satadhā bhinnassa vālassa koṭiyā koṭipaṭipādanaṃ viya ca hoti. Iti tāni gambhīrattā duddasāni. Evaṃ duddasattā gambhīresu gambhīrattā ca duddasesu catūsu saccesu uggahādivasena pubbabhāgañāṇuppattiṃ sandhāya idaṃ "dukkhe ñāṇan"tiādi vuttaṃ. Paṭivedhakkhaṇe pana ekameva taṃ ñāṇaṃ hoti.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page178.
Apare panāhu:- catubbidhaṃ saccesu ñāṇaṃ sutamayañāṇaṃ vavatthānañāṇaṃ sammasanañāṇaṃ abhisamayañāṇanti. Tattha katamaṃ sutamayañāṇaṃ? saṅkhittena vā vitthārena vā cattāri saccāni sutvā jānāti "idaṃ dukkhaṃ, ayaṃ samudayo, ayaṃ nirodho, ayaṃ maggo"ti idaṃ sutamayañāṇaṃ. Katamaṃ vavatthānañāṇaṃ? so sutānaṃ atthaṃ upaparikkhati dhammato ca lakkhaṇato ca "ime dhammā imasmiṃ sacce pariyāpannā, imassa saccassa idaṃ lakkhaṇan"ti sanniṭṭhānaṃ karoti. Idaṃ vavatthānañāṇaṃ. Katamaṃ sammasanañāṇaṃ? so evaṃ yathānupabbaṃ cattāri saccāni vavatthāpetvā atha dukkhameva gahetvā yāva gotrabhuñāṇaṃ aniccato dukkhato anattato sammasati, idaṃ sammasanañāṇaṃ. Katamaṃ abhisamayañāṇaṃ? lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe ekena ñāṇena cattāri saccāni Apubbaṃ acarimaṃ abhisameti "dukkhaṃ pariññābhisamayena, samudayaṃ pahānābhisamayena, nirodhaṃ sacchikiriyābhisamayena maggaṃ bhāvanābhisamayena abhisametī"ti, idaṃ abhisamayañāṇanti. Sammāsaṅkappaniddese kāmato nissaṭoti nekkhammasaṅkapPo. Byāpādato nissaṭoti abyāpādasaṅkapPo. Vihiṃsāya nissaṭoti avihiṃsāsaṅkapPo. Tattha nekkhammavitakko kāmavitakkassa padaghātaṃ padacchedaṃ karonto uppajjati, abyāpādavitakko byāpādavitakkassa, avihiṃsāvitakko vihiṃsāvitakkassa. Tathā nekkhammaabyāpādaavihiṃsāvitakkā kāmabyāpādavihiṃsāvitakkānaṃ paccanīkā hutvā uppajjanti. Tattha yogāvacaro kāmavitakkassa padaghātanatthaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ vā sammasati aññaṃ vā pana kiñci saṅkhāraṃ. Athassa vipassanākkhaṇe vipassanāsampayuttasaṅkappo tadaṅgavasena kāmavitakkassa padaghātaṃ padacchedaṃ. Karonto uppajjati, vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā maggaṃ pāpeti. Athassa maggakkhaṇe maggasampayutto saṅkappo samucchedavasena kāmavitakkassa padaghātaṃ padapacchedaṃ karonto uppajjati. Byāpādavitakkassapi padaghātanatthaṃ byāpādavitakkaṃ vā aññaṃ vā saṅkhāraṃ--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page179.
Vihiṃsāvitakkassa padaghātanatthaṃ vihiṃsāvitakkaṃ vā aññaṃ vā saṅkhāraṃ sammasati. Athassa vipassanākkhaṇeti sabbaṃ purimanayeneva yojetabbaṃ. Kāmavitakkādīnaṃ tiṇṇampi pāḷiyaṃ vibhattesu aṭṭhattiṃsārammaṇesu eka- kammaṭṭhānampi apaccanīkaṃ nāma natthi. Ekantato pana kāmavitakkassa tāva asubhesu paṭhamajjhānameva paccanīkaṃ, byāpādavitakkassa mettāya tikacatukkajjhānāni, vihiṃsāvitakkassa karuṇāya tikacatukkajjhānāni. Tasmā asubhaparikammaṃ katvā jhānaṃ samāpannassa samāpattikkhaṇe jhānasampayutto vitakko vikhambhanavasena kāmavitakkassa paccanīko hutvā uppajjati, jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapentassa vipassanākkhaṇe vipassanāsampayutto saṅkappo tadaṅgavasena kāmavitakkassa paccanīko hutvā uppajjati, vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā maggaṃ pāpentassa maggakkhaṇe maggasampayutto saṅkappo samucchedavasena kāmavitakkassa paccanīko hutvā uppajjati. Evaṃ uppanno nekkhammasaṅkappoti vuccatīti veditabbo. Mettāya pana parikammaṃ katvā, karuṇāya parikammaṃ katvā jhānaṃ samāpannassāti sabbaṃ purimanayeneva yojetabbaṃ. Evaṃ uppanno abyāpādasaṅkappoti vuccati, avihiṃsāsaṅkappoti vuccatīti veditabbo. Evamete nekkhammasaṅkappādayo vipassanājhānavasena uppattīnaṃ nānattā pubbabhāge nānā, maggakkhaṇe pana imesu tīsu ṭhānesu uppannassa akusalasaṅkappassa padacchedato anuppattisādhanavasena maggaṅgaṃ pūrayamāno ekova kusalasaṅkappo uppajjati, ayaṃ sammāsaṅkappo nāma. Sammāvācāniddesepi yasmā aññeneva cittena musāvādā viramati, aññena aññena pisuṇāvācādīhi, tasmā catassopetā veramaṇiyo pubbabhāge nānā, maggakkhaṇe pana micchāvācāsaṅkhātāya catubbidhāya akusaladussīlyacetanāya padacchedato anuppattisādhanavasena maggaṅgaṃ pūrayamānā ekāva sammāvācāsaṅkhātā kusalaveramaṇī uppajjati, ayaṃ sammāvācā nāma.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page180.
Sammākammantaniddesepi yasmā aññeneva cittena pāṇātipātā viramati, aññena adinnādānā, aññena micchācārā, tasmā tissopetā veramaṇiyo pubbabhāge nānā, maggakkhaṇe pana micchākammantasaṅkhātāya tividhāya akusala- dussīlyacetanāya padacchedato anuppattisādhanavasena maggaṅgaṃ purayamānā ekāva sammākammantasaṅkhātā kusalaveramaṇī uppajjati, ayaṃ sammākammanto nāma. Sammāājīvaniddese idhāti imasmiṃ sāsane. Ariyasāvakoti ariyassa buddhassa sāvako. Micchāājīvaṃ pahāyāti pāpakaṃ ājīvaṃ pajahitvā. Sammā- ājīvenāti buddhappasaṭṭhena kusalaājīvena. Jīvikaṃ kappetīti jīvitappavattiṃ pavatti. Idhāpi yasmā aññeneva cittena kāyadvāravītikkamā vinamati, aññeneva vacīdvāra- vītikkamā, tasmā pubbabhāge nānākkhaṇesu uppajjati, maggakkhaṇe pana dvīsu dvāresu sattannaṃ kammapathānaṃ vasena uppannāya micchāājīvadussīlyacetanā padapacchedato anuppattisādhanavasena maggaṅgaṃ pūrayamānā ekāva sammāājīvasaṅkhātā kusalaveramaṇī uppajjati, ayaṃ sammāājīvo nāma. Sammāvāyāmaniddese idha bhikkhūti imasmiṃ sāsane paṭipannako bhikkhu. Anuppannānanti anibbattānaṃ. Pāpakānanti lāmakānaṃ. Akusalalānaṃ dhammānanti akosallasambhūtānaṃ dhammānaṃ. Anuppādāyāti na uppādanatthāya. Chandaṃ janetīti kattukamyatāsaṅkhātaṃ kusalacchandaṃ janeti uppādeti. Vāyamatīti payogaṃ janeti parakkamaṃ karoti. Vīriyaṃ ārabhatīti kāyikacetasikaṃ vīriyaṃ karoti. Cittaṃ paggaṇhātīti teneva sahajātavīriyena cittaṃ ukkhipati. Padahatīti padhānavīriyaṃ karoti. Paṭipāṭiyā panetāni cattāri padāni āsevanābhāvanābahulīkammasātaccakiriyāhi yojetabbāni. Uppannānanti anuppannānanti avattabbataṃ āpannānaṃ. Pahānāyāti pajahanatthāya. Anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānanti anibbattānaṃ kosallasambhūtānaṃ dhammānaṃ. Uppādāyāti uppādanatthāya. Uppannānanti nibbattānaṃ. Ṭhitiyāti--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page181.
Ṭhitatthāya. Asammosāyāti anassanatthaṃ. Bhiyyobhāvāyāti punappunaṃ bhāvāya. Vepullāyāti vipulabhāvāya. Bhāvanāyāti vaḍḍhiyā. Pāripūriyāti paripūraṇatthāya. Ete pana sammāvāyāmasaṅkhātā cattāro sammappadhānā pubbabhāge lokiyā, maggakkhaṇe lokuttaRā. Maggakkhaṇe pana ekameva vīriyaṃ catukiccasādhanavasena cattāri nāmāni labhati. Tattha lokiyā kassapasaṃyutte vuttanayeneva veditabbā. Vuttaṃ hi tattha. ("cattārome āvuso sammappadhānā, katame cattāro.) 1- idhāvuso bhikkhu anuppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā uppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyunti ātappaṃ karoti, uppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīyamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyunti ātappaṃ karoti, anuppannā me kusalā dhammā anuppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyunti ātappaṃ karoti, uppannā me kusalā dhammā nirujjhamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyunti ātappaṃ karotī"ti. 2- Tattha ca anuppannāti asamudācāravasena vā ananubhūtārammaṇavasena vā anuppannā. Aññathā hi anamatagge saṃsāre anuppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā nāma natthi, anuppannā pana uppajjamānāpi eteyeva uppajjanti, pahīyamānāpi eteyeva pahīyanti. Tattha ekaccassa vattaganthadhutaṅgasamādhivipassanānavakammabhavānaṃ aññataravasena kilesā na samudācaranti. Kathaṃ? ekacco hi vattasampanno hoti. Asīti khandhakavattāni 3- cuddasa mahāvattāni 4- cetiyaṅgaṇabodhiyaṅgaṇapānīyamāḷakauposathāgāraāgantukagamikavattāni @Footnote: 1 pāḷiyaṃ. ime pāṭhā na dissanti 2 saṃ.ni. 16/145/189 @3 vi.cūḷa. 7/243/1 4 vi.cūḷa. 7/356/153--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page182.
Ca karontasseva kilesā okāsaṃ na labhanti. Aparabhāge panassa vattāni vissajjetvā bhinnavattassa carato ayonisomanasikāraṃ sativossaggañca āgamma uppajjanti. Evampi asamudācāravasena anuppannā uppajjanti nāma. Ekacco ganthayutto hoti, ekampi nikāyaṃ gaṇhāti dvepi tayopi cattāropi pañcapi. Tassa tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ atthavasena pāḷivasena anusandhivasena pubbāparavasena gaṇhantassa sajjhāyantassa cintentassa vācentassa desentassa pakāsentassa kilesā okāsaṃ na labhanti. Aparabhāge panassa ganthakammaṃ pahāya kusītassa carato ayonisomanasikārasativossagge āgamma uppajjanti. Evampi asamudācāravasena anuppajjanti nāma. Ekacco pana dhutaṅgadharo hoti, terasa dhutaṅgaguṇe samādāya vattati, tassa dhutaṅgaguṇe pariharantassa kilesā okāsaṃ na labhanti. Aparabhāge panassa dhutaṅgāni vissajjetvā bāhullāya āvattassa carato ayonisomanasikārasativossagge āgamma uppajjanti. Evampi asamudācāravasena anuppannā uppajjanti nāma. Ekacco aṭṭhasu samāpattīsu ciṇṇavasī hoti, tassa paṭhamajjhānādīsu āvajjanavasīādivasena viharantassa kilesā okāsaṃ na labhanti. Aparabhāge panassa parihīnajjhānassa vā vissaṭṭhajjhānassa vā bhassādīsu anuyuttassa viharato ayonisomanasikārasativossagge āgamma uppajjanti. Evampi asamudācāravasena anuppannā uppajjanti nāma. Ekacco pana vipassako hoti, sattasu vā anupassanāsu 1- aṭṭhārasasu vā mahāvipassanāsu 2- kammaṃ karonti viharanti, tassa evaṃ viharato kilesā okāsaṃ na labhanti. Aparabhāge panassa vipassanākammaṃ pahāya kāyadaḷhībahulassa viharato @Footnote: 1 khu.paṭi. 31/726/622 2 khu.paṭi. 31/60(22)/34--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page183.
Ayonisomanasikārasativossagge āgamma uppajjanti. Evampi asamudācāravasena anuppannā uppajjanti nāma. Ekacco navakammiko hoti, uposathāgārabhojanasālādīni karoti, tassa tesaṃ upakaraṇāni cintentassa kilesā okāsaṃ na labhanti. Aparabhāge panassa navakamme niṭṭhite vā vissaṭṭhe vā ayonisomanasikārasativossagge āgamma uppajjanti. Evampi asamudācāravasena anuppannā uppajjanti nāma ekacco pana brahmalokato āgato suddhasatto hoti, tassa anāsevanāya kilesā okāsaṃ na labhanti aparabhāge panassa laddhāsevanassa ayonisomanasikāra- sativossagge āgamma uppajjanti. Evampi asamudācāravasena anuppannā uppaj- janti nāma. Evaṃ tāva asamudācāravasena anuppannatā veditabbā. Kathaṃ ananubhūtārammaṇavasena? idhekacco ananubhūtapubbaṃ manāpikādibhedaṃ Ārammaṇaṃ labhati, tassa tattha ayonisomanasikārasativossagge āgamma rāgādayo kilesā uppajjanti. Evaṃ ananubhūtārammaṇavasena anuppannā uppajjanti nāma. Evaṃ anuppannānaṃ akusalānaṃ uppāde sati attano anatthaṃ passitvā tesaṃ anuppādāya satipaṭṭhānabhāvanānuyogena paṭhamaṃ sammappadhānaṃ bhāveti, uppannesu pana tesu tesaṃ appahānato attano anatthaṃ passitvā tesaṃ pahānāya dutiyaṃ tatheva sammappadhānaṃ bhāveti. Anuppannā kusalā dhammāti samathavipassanā ceva maggo ca. Tesaṃ anuppāde attano anatthaṃ passitvā tesaṃ uppādanatthāya tatheva tatiyaṃ sammappadhānaṃ bhāveti. Uppannā kusalā dhammāti samathavipassanāva. Maggo pana sakiṃ uppajjitvā nirujjhamāno anatthāya saṃvattanako nāma natthi. So hi phalassa paccayaṃ datvāva nirujjhati. Tāsaṃ samathavipassanānaṃ nirodhato attano--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page184.
Anatthaṃ passitvā tāsaṃ ṭhitiyā catutthaṃ sammappadhānaṃ bhāveti. Lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe pana ekameva vīriyaṃ. Ye evaṃ anuppannā uppajjeyyuṃ, te yathā neva uppajjanti, evaṃ tesaṃ anuppannānaṃ anuppādakiccaṃ, uppannānañca pahānakiccaṃ sādheti. Uppannāti cettha catubbidhaṃ uppannaṃ vattamānuppannaṃ bhūtāpagatuppannaṃ 1- okāsakatuppannaṃ bhūmiladdhuppannanti. Tattha sabbampi uppādajarābhaṅgasamaṅgīsaṅkhātaṃ vattamānuppannaṃ nāma. Ārammaṇarasaṃ anubhavitvā niruddhaṃ anubhūtāpagatasaṅkhātaṃ kusalākusalaṃ uppādādittayamanuppatvā niruddhaṃ bhutvā pagatasaṅkhātaṃ sesasaṅkhatañca bhūtāpagatuppannaṃ nāma. "yānissa tāni pubbe katāni kammānī"ti evamādinā 2- nayena vuttaṃ kammaṃ atītampi samānaṃ aññaṃ vipākaṃ paṭibāhitvā attano vipākassa okāsaṃ katvā ṭhitattā tathā katokāsañca vipākaṃ anuppannampi samānaṃ evaṃ kate okāse ekantena uppajjanato okāsakatuppannaṃ nāma. Tāsu tāsu bhūmīsu asamūhataṃ akusalaṃ bhūmiladdhuppannaṃ nāma. Ettha ca bhūmiyā bhūmiladdhassa ca nānattaṃ veditabbaṃ. Bhūmīti hi vipassanāya ārammaṇabhūtā tebhūmakā pañcakkhandhā. Bhūmiladdhaṃ nāma tesu khandhesu uppattirahaṃ kilesajātaṃ. Tena hi sā bhūmiladdhā nāma hotīti tasmā bhūmiladdhanti vuccati. Sā ca kho na ārammaṇavasena. Ārammaṇavasena hi sabbepi atītānāgate pariññātepi ca khīṇāsavānaṃ khandhe ārabbha kilesā uppajjanti. Yadi ca taṃ bhūmiladdhannāma siyā, tassa appaheyyato na koci bhavamūlaṃ pajaheyya. Vatthuvasena pana bhūmiladdhaṃ veditabbaṃ. Yattha yattha hi vipassanāya apariññātā khandhā uppajjanti, tattha tattha uppādato pabhuti tesu vaṭṭamūlaṃ kilesajātaṃ anuseti. Taṃ appahīnaṭṭhena bhūmiladdhanti veditabbaṃ. @Footnote: 1 Sī. bhutvā vigatuppannaṃ (abhi.A. 2/390/319, Ma.A. 3/183 piṭṭhe) @2 Ma.u. 14/284/215--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page185.
Tattha ca yassa yesu khandhesu appahīnaṭṭhena anusayitā kilesā, tassa te eva khandhā tesaṃ kilesānaṃ vatthu, na aññesaṃ santakā khandhā. Atītakkhandhesu ca appahīnānusayitānaṃ kilesānaṃ atītakkhandhāva vatthu, na itare. Esa nayo anāgatādīsu. Tathā kāmāvacarakkhandhesu appahīnānusayitānaṃ kilesānaṃ kāmāvacarak- khandhā eva vatthu, na itare. Esa nayo rūpārūpāvacararesu. Sotāpannādīsu pana yassa ariyapuggalassa khandhesu taṃ taṃ vaṭṭamūlakaṃ kilesajātaṃ tena tena maggena pahīnaṃ, tassa tassa te te khandhā pahīnānaṃ tesaṃ tesaṃ vaṭṭamūlakānaṃ kilesānaṃ avatthuto bhūmīti saṅkhaṃ na labhanti. Puthujjanassa sabbaso vaṭṭamūlakilesānaṃ appahīnattā yaṃ kiñci kariyamānaṃ kammaṃ kusalamakusalaṃ vā hoti, iccassa kammakilesappaccayāva vaṭṭaṃ vaṭṭati, tasseva taṃ vaṭṭamūlaṃ rūpakkhandheyeva, na vedanādīsu. Viññāṇakkhandheyeva vā, na rūpakkhandhādīsūti na vattabbaṃ. Kasmā? avisesena pañcasupi khandhesu anusayitattā. Kathaṃ? paṭhavīrasādi viya rukkhe. Yathā hi mahārukkhe paṭhavītalaṃ adhiṭṭhāya paṭhavīrasañca nissāya tappaccayā mūlakhandhasākhāpasākhāpallavapalāsapupphaphalehi vaḍḍhitvā nabhaṃ pūretvā yāva kappāvasānā bījaparamparāya rukkhapaveṇiṃ santānayamāne 1- ṭhite taṃ paṭhavīrasādimūleyeva, na khandhādīsu. Phaleyeva vā, na mūlādīsūti na vattabbaṃ. Kasmā? avasesena sabbesu mūlādīsu anugatattāti. Yathā pana tasseva rukkhassa pupphaphalādīsu nibbinno koci puriso catūsu disāsu maṇḍūkakaṇṭakaṃ nāma visakaṇṭakaṃ ākoṭeyya, atha so rukkho tena visasamphassena phuṭṭho paṭhavīrasaāporasānaṃ pariyādinnattā appasavadhammataṃ āgamma puna santānaṃ nibbattetuṃ na sakkuṇeyya, evameva khandhappavattiyaṃ nibbinno kulaputto tassa purisassa catūsu disāsu rukkhe vīsayojanaṃ viya attano santāne catumaggabhāvanaṃ ārabhati. Athassa so khandhasantāno tena catumaggavisasamphassena phuṭṭho sabbaso vaṭṭamūlakilesānaṃ pariyādinnattā kiriyā bhāvamattaṃ upagatakāyakammādisabbakammappabhedo hutvā āyatiṃ @Footnote: 1 Sī.,Ma. rukkhapaveṇiṃ sandhārayamāne--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page186.
Punabbhavānabhinibbattanadhammataṃ āgamma bhavantarasantānaṃ nibbattetuṃ na sakkoti, kevalaṃ carimaviññāṇanirodhena nirindhano viya jātavedo anupādāno parinibbāyati. Evaṃ bhūmiyā bhūmiladdhassa ca nānattaṃ veditabbaṃ. Aparampi catubbidhaṃ uppannaṃ samudācāruppannaṃ ārammaṇādhiggahituppannaṃ avikkhambhituppannaṃ asamūhatuppannanti. Tattha vattamānuppannameva samudācārup- pannaṃ. Cakkhādīnaṃ pana āpāthagate ārammaṇe pubbabhāge anuppajjamānampi kilesajātaṃ ārammaṇassa adhiggahitattā eva aparabhāge ekantena uppattito ārammaṇādhiggahituppannanti vuccati. Samathavipassanānaṃ aññataravasena avikkhambhitaṃ kilesajātaṃ cittasantatimanāruḷhampi uppattinivārakassa hetuno abhāvā avikkhambhituppannaṃ nāma. Samathavipassanāvasena pana vikkhambhitampi ariyamaggena asamūhatattā uppattidhammataṃ anatītattā asamūhatuppannanti vuccati. Tividhampicetaṃ ārammaṇādhiggahitāvikkhambhitāsamūhatuppannaṃ bhūmiladdheneva saṅgahaṃ gacchatīti veditabbaṃ. Iccetasmiṃ vuttappabhede uppanne yadetaṃ vattamānabhūtāpagatokāsakata- samudācārasaṅkhātaṃ uppannaṃ, taṃ amaggavajjhattā kenaci maggañāṇena pahātabbaṃ na hoti. Yaṃ panetaṃ bhūmiladdhārammaṇādhiggahitāvikkhambhitāsamūhatasaṅkhātaṃ uppannaṃ, tassa taṃ uppannabhāvaṃ nāsayamānaṃ yasmā taṃ taṃ lokiyalokuttarañāṇaṃ uppajjati, tasmā taṃ sabbampi pahātabbaṃ hotīti. Evaṃ ye maggo kilese pajahati, te sandhāya "uppannānan"tiādi vuttaṃ. Atha maggakkhaṇe kathaṃ anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ uppādāya bhāvanā hoti, kathañca uppannānaṃ ṭhitiyāti? maggappavattiyā eva. Maggo hi pavattamāno pubbe anuppannapubbattā anuppanno nāma vuccati. Anāgatapubbaṃ hi ṭhānaṃ āgantvā ananubhūtapubbaṃ vā ārammaṇaṃ anubhavitvā vattāro bhavanti "anāgataṭṭhānaṃ āgatamha,--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page187.
Ananubhūtaṃ ārammaṇaṃ anubhavāmā"ti. Yāvassa pavatti, ayameva ṭhiti nāmāti ṭhitiyā bhāvetī"tipi vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Evametassa bhikkhuno idaṃ lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe ekameva vīriyaṃ "anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāyā"tiādīni cattāri nāmāni labhati. Ayaṃ lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe sammappadhānakathā. Evamettha lokuttaramissakā sammappadhānā niddiṭṭhā. Sammāsatiniddese kāyeti rūpakāye. Rūpakāyo hi idha aṅgapaccaṅgānaṃ kesādīnañca dhammānaṃ samūhaṭṭhena hatthikāyarathakāyādayo viya kāyoti adhippeto. Yathā ca samūhaṭṭhena, evaṃ kucchitānaṃ āyaṭṭhena. Kucchitānaṃ hi paramajegucchānaṃ so āyotipi kāyo. Āyoti uppattideso. Tatrāyaṃ vacanattho:- āyanti tatoti āyo. Ke āyanti? kucchitā kesādayo. Iti kucchitānaṃ āyoti kāyo. Kāyānupassīti kāyaṃ anupassanasīlo, kāyaṃ vā anupassamāno. Kāyeti ca vatvāpi puna kāyānupassīti dutiyaṃ kāyaggahaṇaṃ asammissato vavatthānaghana- vinibbhogādidassanatthaṃ katanti veditabbaṃ. Tena na kāye 1- vedanānupassī cittadhammānupassī vā, atha kho kāyānupassīyevāti kāyasaṅkhāte vatthusmiṃ kāyānupassanākārasseva dassanena asammissato vavatthānaṃ dassitaṃ hoti. Tathā na kāye aṅgapaccaṅgavinimuttaekadhammānupassī, nāpi kesalomādivinimuttaitthi- purisānuppasSī. Yopi cettha kesalomādiko bhūtupādāyasamūhasaṅkhāto kāyo, tatthāpi na bhūtupādāyavinimuttaekadhammānupassī, atha kho rathasambhārānupassako viya aṅgapaccaṅgasamūhānupassī, nagarāvayavānupassako viya kesalomādisamūhānupassī, kadalikkhandhapattavaṭṭivinibhujjako viya rittamuṭṭhiviniveṭhako viya ca bhūtupādāya- samūhānupassīyevāti samūhavaseneva kāyasaṅkhātassa vatthuno nānappakārato dassanena ghanavinibbhogo dassito hoti. Na hettha yathāvuttasamūhavinimutto kāyo vā itthī @Footnote: 1 Sī. kāyeyeva--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page188.
Vā puriso vā añño vā koci dhammo dissati, yathāvuttadhammasamūhamatteyeva pana tathā tathā sattā micchābhinivesaṃ karonti. Tenāhu porāṇā:- "yaṃ passati na taṃ diṭṭhaṃ yaṃ diṭṭhaṃ taṃ na passati apassaṃ bajjhate mūḷho bajjhamāno na muccatī"ti. Ghanavinibbhogādidassanatthanti vuttaṃ. Ādisaddena cettha ayampi attho veditabbo. Ayaṃ hi etasmiṃ kāye kāyānupassīyeva, na aññadhammānupasSī. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? yathā anudakabhūtāyapi marīciyā udakānupassino honti, na evaṃ aniccadukkhānattāsubhabhūteyeva imasmiṃ kāye niccasukhattasubhabhāvānupassī, atha kho kāyānupassī aniccadukkhānattāsubhākārasamūhānupassīyevāti vuttaṃ hoti. Atha vā yvāyaṃ mahāsatipaṭṭhāne "idha bhikkhave bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā .pe. So satova assasatī"tiādinā 1- nayena assāsapassāsādicuṇṇakajātaaṭṭhika- pariyosāno kāyo vutto, yo ca parato satipaṭṭhānakathāyaṃ "idhekacco paṭhavīkāyaṃ aniccato anupassati, āpokāyaṃ tejokāyaṃ, vāyokāyaṃ, kesakāyaṃ, lomakāyaṃ, chavikāyaṃ, cammakāyaṃ, maṃsakāyaṃ, ruhirakāyaṃ, nhārukāyaṃ, aṭṭhikāyaṃ, aṭṭhimiñjakāyan"ti 2- kāyo vutto, tassa sabbassa imasmiṃyeva kāye anupassanato kāye kāyānupassatīti evampi attho daṭṭhabbo. Atha vā kāye ahanti vā mamanti vā evaṃ gahetabbassa kassaci ananupassanato tassa tasseva pana kesalomādikassa nānādhammasamūhassa anupassanato kāye kesādidhammasamūhasaṅkhātakāyānupassīti evamattho daṭṭhabbo. Apica "imasmiṃ kāye aniccato anupassati, no niccato"tiādinā 3- anukkamena parato āgatanayassa @Footnote: 1 dī.mahā. 10/374/248 Ma.mū.. 12/107/77 @2 khu.paṭi. 31/35/441 3 khu.paṭi. 31/35/441--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page189.
Sabbasseva aniccalakkhaṇādino ākārasamūhasaṅkhātassa kāyassa anupassanatopi kāye kāyānupassīti evampi attho daṭṭhabbo. Ayaṃ pana catusatipaṭṭhānasādhāraṇo attho. Kāye kāyānupassīti assāsapassāsakāyādike bahudhā vutte kāye ekeka- kāyānupasSī. Viharatīti catūsu iriyāpathavihāresu aññataravihārasamāyogaparidīpanametaṃ, ekaṃ iriyāpathabādhanaṃ aññena iriyāpathena vicchinditvā apatamānaṃ attānaṃ harati pavattetīti attho. Ātāpīti kāyapariggāhakavīriyasamāyogaparidīpanametaṃ. So hi yasmā tasmiṃ samaye yaṃ taṃ vīriyaṃ tīsu bhavesu kilesānaṃ ātāpanato ātāpoti vuccati, tena samannāgato hoti, tasmā "ātāpī"ti vuccati. Sampajānoti kāyapariggāhakena sampajaññasaṅkhātena ñāṇena samannāgato. Satimāti kāyapariggāhikāya satiyā samannāgato. Ayaṃ pana yasmā satiyā ārammaṇaṃ pariggahetvā paññāya anupassati. Na hi sativirahitassa anupassanā nāma atthi. Tenevāha "satiñca khvāhaṃ bhikkhave sabbatthikaṃ vadāmī"ti 1- tasmā ettha "kāye kāyānupassī viharatī"ti ettāvatā kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānakammaṭṭhānaṃ vuttaṃ hoti. Atha vā yasmā anātāpino antosaṅkhepo antarāyakaro hoti, asampajāno upāyapariggahe anupāyaparivajjane ca sammuyhati, muṭṭhassati upāyapariccāge anupāyapariggahe ca asamattho hoti, tenassa taṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ na sampajjati, tasmā yesaṃ dhammānaṃ ānubhāvena taṃ sampajjati, tesaṃ dassanatthaṃ "ātāpī sampajāno satimā"ti idaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Iti kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ sampayogaṅgañca sandassetvā idāni pahānaṅgaṃ dassetuṃ vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassanti vuttaṃ. Tattha vineyyāti tadaṅgavinayena vā vikkhambhanavinayena vā vinayitvā. Loketi yvāyaṃ kāyo pubbe pariggahito, sveva idha lujjanapalujjanaṭṭhena loko nāma. Tasmiṃ loke abhijjhaṃ domanassañca pajahitvāti attho. Yasmā panassa na kāyamatteyeva @Footnote: 1 saṃ.mahā. 19/234/102--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page190.
Abhijjhādomanassaṃ pahīyati, vedanādīsupi pahīyatiyeva, tasmā "pañcapi upādānakkhandhā loko"ti 1- vibhaṅge vuttaṃ. Lokasaṅkhātattāyeva tesaṃ dhammānaṃ atthuddhāravasenetaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Yaṃ panāha "tattha katamo loko, sveva kāyo loko"ti 2- ayamevettha attho. Abhijjhādomanassanti ca samāsetvā vuttaṃ. Saṃyuttaṅguttara- pāṭhantaresu 3- pana visuṃ katvā paṭhanti. Sā pana abhijjhāyanti patthayanti etāya, sayaṃ vā abhijjhāyati, abhijjhāyanamattameva vā esāti abhijjhā. Yasmā panettha abhijjhāgahaṇena kāmacchando, domanassaggahaṇena byāpādo saṅgahaṃ gacchati, tasmā nīvaraṇa- pariyāpannabalavadhammadvayadassanena nīvaraṇappahānaṃ vuttaṃ hotīti veditabbaṃ. Visesena panettha abhijjhāvinayena kāyasampattimūlakassa anurodhassa, domanassa- vinayena kāyavipattimūlakassa virodhassa, abhijjhāvinayena ca kāye abhiratiyā, domanassavinayena kāyabhāvanāya anabhiratiyā, abhijjhāvinayena kāye abhūtānaṃ subhasukhabhāvādīnaṃ pakkhepassa, domanassavinayena kāye bhūtānaṃ asubhāsukhabhāvādīnaṃ apanayanassa pahānaṃ vuttaṃ. Tena yogāvacarassa yogānubhāvo yogasamatthatā ca dīpitā hoti. Yogānubhāvo hi esa, yadayaṃ anurodhavirodhavippamutto aratiratisaho abhūta- pakkhepabhūtāpanayanavirahito ca hoti. Anurodhavirodhavippamutto cesa aratiratisaho abhūtaṃ apakkhipanto bhūtañca anapanento yogasamattho hotīti. Aparo nayo:- "kāye kāyānupassī"ti ettha anupassīti ettha anupassanāya kammaṭṭhānaṃ vuttaṃ "viharatī"ti ettha vuttavihārena kammaṭṭhānikassa kāyapariharaṇaṃ. "ātāpī"tiādīsu ātāpanena sammappadhānaṃ, satisampajaññena sabbatthakakammaṭṭhānaṃ, kammaṭṭhānapariharaṇūpāyo vā. Satiyā vā kāyānupassanāvasena paṭiladdhasamabho, sampajaññena vipassanā, abhijjhādomanassavinayena bhāvanāphalaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. @Footnote: 1 abhi.vi. 35/362/231 2 abhi.vi. 35/538/304 3 Sī. saṃyuttaṅguttaresu--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page191.
Vedanāsu vedanānupassīti ādīsu ca vedanādīnaṃ puna vacane payojanaṃ kāyānupassanāyaṃ vuttanayeneva yathāyogaṃ yojetvā veditabbaṃ. Ayaṃ pana asādhāraṇattho:- sukhādīsu anekappabhedāsu vedanāsu visuṃ visuṃ aniccādito ekekavedanānupassīti, sarāgādike soḷasappabhede citte visuṃ visuṃ aniccādito ekekacittānupassīti, kāyavedanācittāni ṭhapetvā sesatibhūmakadhammesu visuṃ visuṃ aniccādito ekekadhammānupassīti, satipaṭṭhānasuttante vuttanayena nīvaraṇādi- dhammānupassīti vā. Ettha ca "kāye"ti ekavacanaṃ sarīrassa ekattā, "citte"ti ekavacanaṃ cittassa sabhāvabhedābhāvato jātiggahaṇena katanti veditabbaṃ. Yathā ca vedanādayo anupassitabbā, tathā anupassanto vedanāsu vedanānupassī, citte cittānupassī, dhammesu dhammānupassīti veditabbo. Kathaṃ tāva vedanā anupassitabbā? sukhā tāva vedanā dukkhato, dukkhā vedanā sallato, adukkhamasukhā vedanā aniccato anupassitabbā. Yathāha:- "yo sukhaṃ dukkhato adda dukkhamaddakkhi sallato adukkhamasukhaṃ santaṃ addakkhi naṃ aniccato sa ve sammaddaso bhikkhu parijānāti vedanā"ti. Sabbā eva cetā dukkhatopi anupassitabbā. Vuttañhetaṃ "yaṃ kiñci vedayitaṃ, sabbantaṃ dukkhasminti vadāmī"ti. Sukhadukkhatopi ca anupassitabbā. Yathāha "sukhā vedanā ṭhitisukhā vipariṇāmadukkhā, dukkhā vedanā ṭhitidukkhā vipariṇāmasukhā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā ñāṇasukhā aññāṇadukkhā"ti apica aniccādisattaanupassanāvasenāpi anupassitabbā. @Footnote: 1 dī.mahā. 10/382/255, Ma.mū. 12/114-5/83-4 @2 saṃ.saḷā. 18/368/257 (syā) @3 saṃ.saḷā. 18/391/268 (syā) 4 Ma.mū. 12/465/414--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page192.
Cittadhammesupi cittaṃ tāva ārammaṇādhipatisahajātabhūmikammavipākakiriyādi- nānattabhedānaṃ aniccādisattaanupassanānaṃ sarāgādisoḷasabhedānaṃ ca vasena anupassitabbaṃ, dhammā salakkhaṇasāmaññalakkhaṇānaṃ suññatādhammassa aniccādisatta- anupassanānaṃ santāsantādīnaṃ ca vasena anupassitabbā. Kāmañcettha yassa kāyasaṅkhāte loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ pahīnaṃ, tassa vedanādilokesupi taṃ pahīnameva, nānāpuggalavasena pana nānākkhaṇikasatipaṭṭhānabhāvanāvasena ca sabbattha vuttaṃ. Yato vā ekattha pahīnaṃ, sesesupi pahīnaṃ hoti. Tenevassa tattha pahānadassanatthampi evaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Iti ime cattāro satipaṭṭhānā pubbabhāge nānācittesu labbhanti. Aññeneva hi cittena kāyaṃ pariggaṇhāti, aññena vedanaṃ, aññena cittaṃ, aññena dhamme pariggaṇhāti. Lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe pana ekacitteyeva labbhanti. Ādito hi kāyaṃ pariggaṇhitvā āgatassa vipassanāsampayuttā sati kāyānupassanā nāma, tāya satiyā samannāgato puggalo kāyānupassī nāma. Vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā ariyamaggaṃ pattassa maggakkhaṇe maggasampayuttā sati kāyānupassanā nāma, tāya satiyā samannāgato puggalo kāyānupassī nāma. Vedanaṃ pariggaṇhitvā cittaṃ pariggaṇhitvā dhamme pariggaṇhitvā āgatassa vipassanāsampayuttā sati dhammānupassanā nāma, tāya satiyā samannāgato puggalo dhammānupassī nāma. Vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā ariyamaggaṃ pattassa maggakkhaṇe maggasampayuttā sati dhammānupassanā nāma, tāya satiyā samannāgato puggalo dhammānupassī nāma. Evaṃ tāva desanā puggale tiṭṭhati. Kāye pana "subhan"ti vipallāsappahānā kāyapariggāhikā sati maggena samijjhatīti kāyānupassanā nāma. Vedanāya "sukhā"ti vipallāsappahānā vedanā- pariggāhikā sati maggena samijjhatīti vedanānupassanā nāma. Citte "niccan"ti vipallāsappahānā cittapariggāhikā sati maggena samijjhatīti cittānupassanā nāma.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page193.
Dhammesu "attā"ti vipallāsappahānā dhammapariggāhikā sati maggena samijjhatīti dhammānupassanā nāma. Iti ekāva maggasampayuttā sati catukiccasādhakattena cattāri nāmāni labhati. Tena vuttaṃ "lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe pana ekacitteyeva labbhantī"ti. Sammāsamādhiniddese vivicceva kāmehīti kāmehi viviccitvā vinā hutvā apakkamitvā. Yo panāyamettha evakāro, so niyamatthoti veditabbo. Yasmā ca niyamattho, tasmā paṭhamajjhānaṃ upasampajja viharaṇasamaye avijjamānānampi kāmānaṃ tassa paṭhamajjhānassa paṭipakkhabhāvaṃ kāmapariccāgeneva cassa adhigamaṃ dīpeti. Kathaṃ? "vivicceva kāmehī"ti evaṃ hi niyame kariyamāne idaṃ paññāyati, nūnimassa 1- Jhānassa kāmā paṭipakkhabhūtā, yesu sati idaṃ nappavattati, andhakāre sati padīpobhāso viya, tesaṃ pariccāgeneva cassa adhigamo hoti orimatīrapariccāgena pārimatīrassa viya. Tasmā niyamaṃ karotīti. Tattha siyā, kasmā panesa pubbapadeyeva vutto, na uttarapade, kiṃ akusalehi dhammehi aviviccāpi jhānaṃ upasampajja vihareyyāti? na kho panetaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Taṃnissaraṇato hi pubbapade esa vutto. Kāmadhātusamatikkamanato hi kāmarāgap- paṭipakkhato ca idaṃ jhānaṃ kāmānameva nissaraṇaṃ. Yathāha "kāmānametaṃ nissaraṇaṃ yadidaṃ nekkhamman"ti 2- uttarapadepi ca yathāha "idheva bhikkhave samaṇo, idha dutiyo samaṇo"ti 3- ettha evakāro ānetvā vuccati, evaṃ vattabbova. Na hi sakkā ito aññehipi nīvaraṇasaṅkhātehi akusalehi dhammehi avivicca jhānaṃ upasampajja viharituṃ. Tasmā "vivicceva kāmehi vivicceva akusalehi dhammehī"ti evaṃ padadvayehi esa daṭṭhabbo. Padadvayepi ca kiñcāpi viviccāti iminā sādhāraṇavacanena tadaṅgavikkhambhana- samucchedapaṭippassaddhinissaraṇavivekā cittakāyaupadhivivekā ca saṅgahaṃ gacchanti, @Footnote: 1 Sī. nanvimassa 2 khu.iti. 25/72/286 @3 Ma.mū. 12/140/98 aṅ.catukka. 21/241/266--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page194.
Tathāpi pubbabhāge kāyavivekacittavivekavikkhambhanavivekā daṭṭhabbā, lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe kāyavivekacittavivekasamucchedavivekapaṭippassaddhivivekanissaraṇavivekā. Kāmehīti iminā pana padena ye ca mahāniddese "katame vatthukāmā manāpikā rūpā"tiādinā 1- nayena vatthukāmā vuttā. Ye ca tattheva vibhaṅge ca "../../bdpicture/chando kāmo, rāgo kāmo, chandarāgo kāmo, saṅkappo kāmo, rāgo, kāmo, saṅkapparāgo kāmo"ti 2- evaṃ kilesakāmā vuttā, te sabbepi saṅgahitā icceva daṭṭhabbā. Evaṃ hi sati vivicceva kāmehīti vatthukāmehipi viviccevāti attho yujjati. Tena kāyaviveko vutto hoti. Vivicca akusalehi dhammehīti kilesakāmehi sabbākusalehi vā viviccāti attho yujjati. Tena cittaviveko vutto hoti. Purimena cettha vatthukāmehi vivekavacanato eva kāmasukhapariccāgo, dutiyena kilesakāmehi vivekacanato nekkhamma- sukhapariggaho vibhāvito hoti. Evaṃ vatthukāmakilesakāmavivekavacanatoyeva ca etesaṃ paṭhamena saṅkilesavatthuppahānaṃ, dutiyena saṅkilesappahānaṃ. Paṭhamena lolabhāvassa hetupariccāgo, dutiyena bālabhāvassa. Paṭhamena ca payogasuddhi, dutiyena āsayaposanaṃ vibhāvitaṃ hotītipi viññātabbaṃ. Esa tāva nayo kāmehīti ettha vuttakāmesu vatthukāmapakkhe. Kilesakāmapakkhe pana chandoti ca rāgoti ca evamādīhi anekabhedo kāmacchandova kāmoti adhippeto. So ca akusalapariyāpannopi samāno "tattha katame kāmā, chando kāmo"tiādinā 3- nayena vibhaṅge uparijjhānappaṭipakkhato visuṃ vutto, kilesakāmattā vā purimapade vutto, akusalapariyāpannattā dutiyapade. Anekabhedato cassa kāmatoti avatvā kāmehīti vuttaṃ. Aññesampi ca dhammānaṃ akusalabhāve vijjamāne @Footnote: 1 khu.mahā. 29/2/1 2 khu.mahā. 29/2/2, abhi.vi. 35/564/310 @3 abhi.vi. 35/564/310--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page195.
"tattha katame akusalā dhammā kāmacchando"tiādinā 1- nayena vibhaṅge uparijjhānaṅgapaccanīkapaṭipakkhabhāvadassanato nīvaraṇāneva vuttānīti. Nīvaraṇāni hi jhānaṅgapaccanīkāni, tesaṃ jhānaṅgāneva paṭipakkhāni viddhaṃsakāni vināsakānīti vuttaṃ hoti. Tathāhi "samādhi kāmacchandassa paṭipakkho, pīti byāpādassa, vitakko thīnamiddhassa, sukhaṃ uddhaccakukkuccassa, vicāro vicikicchāyā"ti peṭake vuttaṃ. Evamettha "vivicceva kāmehī"ti iminā kāmacchandassa vikkhambhanaviveko vutto hoti, "vivicca akusalehi dhammehī"ti iminā pañcannampi nīvaraṇānaṃ. Aggahitaggahaṇena pana paṭhamena kāmacchandassa, dutiyena sesanīvaraṇānaṃ. Tathā paṭhamena tīsu akusalamūlesu pañcakāmaguṇabhedavisayassa lobhassa, dutiyena āghātavatthubhedādivisayānaṃ dosamohānaṃ. Oghādīsu vā dhammesu paṭhamena kāmoghakāmayogakāmāsavakāmupādānaabhijjhākāyagantha- kāmarāgasaññojanānaṃ, dutiyena avasesaoghayogāsavaupādānaganthasaṃyojanānaṃ. Paṭhamena taṇhāya taṃsampayuttakānañca, dutiyena avijjāya taṃsampayuttakānañca. Apica paṭhamena lobhasampayuttaaṭṭhacittuppādānaṃ, dutiyena sesānaṃ catunnaṃ akusalacittatuppādānaṃ vikkhambhanaviveko vutto hotīti veditabbo. Ettāvatā ca paṭhamassa jhānassa pahānaṅgaṃ dassetvā idāni sampayogaṅgaṃ dassetuṃ savitakkaṃ savicāranti ādivuttaṃ. Tattha ārammaṇe cittassa abhiniropana- lakkhaṇo vitakko. Ārammaṇānumajjanalakkhaṇo vicāro. Santepi ca nesaṃ katthaci avippayoge oḷārikaṭṭhena pubbaṅgamaṭṭhena ca ghaṇḍābhighāto viya cetaso paṭhamābhinipāto vitakko, sukhumaṭṭhena anumajjanasabhāvena ca ghaṇḍānuravo viya anuppabandho vicāro. Vipphāravā cettha vitakko paṭhamuppattikāle paripphandanabhūto cittassa, ākāse uppatitukāmassa pakkhino pakkhavikkhepo viya, padumābhimukhapāto viya ca gandhānubandhacetaso bhamarassa. Santavutti vicāro nātiparipphandanabhūto cittassa @Footnote: 1 abhi.vi. 35/564/310--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page196.
Ākāse uppatitassa pakkhino pakkhappasāraṇaṃ viya paribbhamanaṃ viya ca padumābhimukhapatitassa bhamarassa padumassa uparibhāge. Dukanipātaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana "ākāsena gacchato mahāsakuṇassa ubhohi pakkhehi vātaṃ gahetvā 1- pakkhe sannisīdāpetvā gamanaṃ viya ārammaṇe cetaso abhiropanabhāvena pavatto vitakko, vātaggahaṇatthaṃ pakkhe phandāpayamānassa gamanaṃ viya anumajjanabhāvena pavatto vicāro"ti vuttaṃ. Taṃ anuppabandhena pavattiyaṃ yujjati. So pana tesaṃ viseso paṭhamadutiyajjhānesu pākaṭo hoti. Apica malaggahitaṃ kaṃsabhājanaṃ ekena hatthana daḷhaṃ gahetvā itarena hatthena cuṇṇatelavālaṇḍupakena parimajjantassa daḷhaggahaṇahattho viya vitakko, parimajjanahattho viya vicāro. Tathā kumbhakārassa daṇḍappahārena cakkaṃ bhamayitvā bhājanaṃ karontassa uppīḷanahattho viya vitakko, ito cito ca saṃsaraṇahattho viya vicāro. Tathā maṇḍalaṃ karontassa majjhe sannirujjhitvā ṭhitakaṇṭako viya abhiniropano vitakko, bahi paribbhamanakaṇṭako viya anumajjano vicāro. Iti iminā ca vitakkena iminā ca vicārena saha vattati rukkho viya pupphena phalena cāti idaṃ jhānaṃ "savitakkaṃ savicāran"ti vuccati. Vivekajanti ettha vivitti viveko, nīvaraṇaviggamoti attho. Vivittoti vā viveko, nīvaraṇavivitto jhānasampayuttadhammarāsīti attho. Tasmā vivekā, tasmiṃ vā viveke jātanti vivekajaṃ. Pītisukhanti ettha pīṇayatīti pīti, sā sampiyāyanalakkhaṇā. Sā panesā khuddakāpīti okkantikāpīti khaṇikāpīti ubbeṅgāpīti pharaṇāpītīti pañcavidhā pīti. Tattha khuddakāpīti sarīre lomahaṃsanamattameva kātuṃ sakkoti. Khaṇikāpīti khaṇe khaṇe vijjuppādasadisā 2- hoti. Okkantikāpīti samuddatīraṃ vīci viya kāyaṃ @Footnote: 1 Sī. gāhāpetvā 2 Sī. vijjupātasadisā--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page197.
Okkamitvā okkamitvā bhijjati. Ubbeṅgāpīti balavatī hoti kāyaṃ uddhaggaṃ katvā ākāse laṅghāpanappamāṇappattā. Pharaṇāpīti atibalavatī hoti. Tāya hi uppannāya sakalasarīraṃ dhamitvā pūritavatthi viya mahatā udakoghena pakkhandapabbatakucchi viya ca anupariphuṭaṃ hoti. Sā panesā pañcavidhā pīti gabbhaṃ gaṇhantī paripākaṃ gacchantī duvidhaṃ passaddhiṃ paripūreti kāyapassaddhiñca cittapassaddhiñca. Passaddhi- gabbhaṃ gaṇhantī paripākaṃ gacchantī duvidhampi sukhaṃ paripūreti kāyikañca cetasikañca. Sukhaṃ gabbhaṃ gaṇhantaṃ paripākaṃ gacchantaṃ tividhaṃ samādhiṃ paripūreti khaṇikasamādhiñca upacārasamādhiñca appanāsamādhiñcāti. Tāsu ca yā appanāsamādhissa mūlaṃ hutvā vaḍḍhamānā samādhisampayogaṃ gatā pharaṇāpīti, ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippetā pītīti. Itaraṃ pana sukhayatīti sukhaṃ, yassuppajjati, taṃ sukhitaṃ karotīti attho. Sukhanaṃ vā sukhaṃ, suṭṭhu vā khādati, khanati ca kāyacittābādhanti sukhaṃ, somanassavedanāyetaṃ nāmaṃ. Taṃ sātalakkhaṇaṃ. Santepi ca nesaṃ katthaci avippayoge iṭṭhārammaṇappaṭilābha- tuṭṭhi pīti, paṭiladdharasānubhavanaṃ sukhaṃ, yattha pīti, tattha sukhaṃ. Yattha sukhaṃ, tattha na niyamato pīti. Saṅkhārakkhandhasaṅgahitā pīti, vedanākkhandhasaṅgahitaṃ sukhaṃ kantāra- khinnassa vanantudakantadassanasavanesu viya pīti, vanacchāyāpavesanaudakaparibhogesu viya sukhaṃ. Tasmiṃ tasmiṃ samaye pākaṭabhāvato cetaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Iti ayañca pīti idañca sukhaṃ assa jhānassa, tasmiṃ vā jhāne atthīti idaṃ jhānaṃ "pītisukhan"ti vuccati. Atha vā pīti ca sukhañca pītisukhaṃ dhammavinayādayo viya. Vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ assa jhānassa, asmiṃ vā jhāne atthīti evampi vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ. Yatheva hi jhānaṃ, evaṃ pītisukhampettha vivekajameva hoti. Tañcassa atthīti tasmā alopasamāsaṃ katvā ekapadeneva "vivekajaṃ pītisukhan"tipi vattuṃ yujjati. Paṭhamanti gaṇanānupubbatā paṭhamaṃ, paṭhamaṃ uppannantipi paṭhamaṃ. Jhānanti duvidhaṃ jhānaṃ ārammaṇūpanijjhānañca lakkhaṇūpanijjhānañca. Tattha aṭṭhasamāpattiyo--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page198.
Paṭhavīkasiṇādiārammaṇaṃ upanijjhāyantīti "ārammaṇūpanijjhānan"ti saṅkhyaṃ gatā. Vipassanāmaggaphalāni pana lakkhaṇūpanijjhānaṃ nāma tattha vipassanā aniccādilakkhaṇassa upanijjhānato lakkhaṇūpanijjhānaṃ, vipassanāya katakiccassa maggena ijjhanato maggo lakkhaṇūpanijjhānaṃ, phalaṃ pana nirodhasaccaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ upanijjhāyatīti lakkhaṇūpanijjhānaṃ. Tesu idha pubbabhāge ārammaṇūpanijjhānaṃ, lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe lakkhaṇūpanijjhānaṃ adhippetaṃ, tasmā ārammaṇūpanijjhānato lakkhaṇūpanijjhānato ca paccanīkajjhāpanato ca "jhānan"ti veditabbaṃ. Upasampajjāti upagantvā, pāpuṇitvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Upasampādayitvā vā, nipphādetvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Viharatīti tadanurūpena iriyāpatha- vihārena iriyati, vuttappakārena jhānasamaṅgī hutvā attabhāvassa vuttiṃ abhinipphādeti. Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamāti ettha vitakkassa ca vicārassa cāti imesaṃ dvinnaṃ vūpasamā samatikkamā, dutiyajjhānakkhaṇe apātubhāvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha kiñcāpi dutiyajjhāne sabbepi paṭhamajjhānadhammā na santi, aññeyeva hi paṭhamajjhāne phassādayo, aññe idhāti. Oḷārikassa pana oḷārikassa aṅgassa samatikkamā paṭhamajjhānato paresaṃ dutiyajjhānādīnaṃ adhiggamo hotīti dassanatthaṃ "vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā"ti evaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Ajjhattanti idha niyakajjhattaṃ adhippetaṃ, tasmā attani jātaṃ, attasantāne nibbattanti attho. Sampasādananti sampasādanaṃ vuccati saddhā. Sampasādanayogato jhānampi sampasādanaṃ nīlavaṇṇayogato nīlavatthaṃ viya. Yasmā vā taṃ jhānaṃ sampasādana- samannāgatattā vitakkavicārakkhobhavūpasamanena ca ceto sampasādayati, tasmāpi sampasādananti vuttaṃ. Imasmiñca atthavikappe sampasādanaṃ cetasoti evaṃ padasambandho veditabbo, purimasmiṃ pana atthavikappe cetasoti etaṃ ekodibhāvena saddhiṃ yojetabbaṃ.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page199.
Tatrāyaṃ atthayojanā. Eko udetīti ekodi, vitakkavicārehi anajjhārūḷhattā aggo seṭṭho hutvā udetīti attho. Seṭṭhopi hi loke ekoti vuccati. Vitakkavicāravirahito vā eko asahāyo hutvā itipi vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Atha vā sampayuttadhamme udāyatīti udi, uṭṭhapetīti attho. Seṭṭhaṭṭhena eko ca so udi cāti ekodi. Samādhissetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Iti imaṃ ekodiṃ bhāveti vaḍḍhetīti idaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ ekodibhāvaṃ. So panāyaṃ ekodi yasmā cetaso, na sattassa na jīvassa. Tasmā etaṃ "cetaso ekodibhāvan"ti vuttaṃ. Nanu cāyaṃ saddhā paṭhamajjhānepi atthi, ayañca ekodināmako samādhi, atha kasmā idameva "sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvan"ti ca vuttanti. Vuccate:- aduṃ hi paṭhamajjhānaṃ vitakkavicārakkhobhena vīcitaraṅgasamākulamiva jalaṃ na suppasannaṃ hoti, tasmā satiyāpi saddhāya "sampasādanan"ti na vuttaṃ. Na suppasannattāyeva cettha samādhipi na suṭṭhu pākaṭo, tasmā "ekodibhāvan"tipi na vuttaṃ. Imasmiṃ pana jhāne vitakkavicārapalibodhābhāvena laddhokāsā balavatī saddhā, balavasaddhāsahāya- paṭilābheneva ca samādhipi pākaṭo, tasmā idameva evaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Avitakkaṃ avicāranti bhāvanāya pahīnattā etasmiṃ etassa vā vitakko natthīti avitakkaṃ. Imināva nayena āvicāraṃ. Etthāha "nanu ca vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā"ti imināpi ayamattho siddho, atha kasmā puna vuttaṃ "avitakkaṃ avicāran"ti. Vuccate:- evametaṃ, siddhovāyamattho, na panetaṃ tadatthadīpakaṃ, nanu avocumha "oḷārikassa pana oḷārikassa aṅgassa samatikkamā paṭhamajjhānato paresaṃ dutiyajjhānādīnaṃ adhiggamo hotīti dassanatthaṃ vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamāti evaṃ vuttan"ti. Apica vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā idaṃ sampasādanaṃ, na kilesakāḷussiyassa. Vitakkavicārānañca vūpasamā ekodibhāvaṃ, na upacārajjhānamiva nīvaraṇappahānā, na paṭhamajjhānamiva ca aṅgapātubhāvāti evaṃ sampasādanaekodibhāvānaṃ--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page200.
Hetuparidīpakamidaṃ vacanaṃ. Tathā vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā idaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ, na tatiyacatutthajjhānāni viya cakkhuviññāṇādīni viya ca abhāvāti evaṃ avitakka- avicārabhāvassa hetuparidīpakañca vacanaṃ. Na vitakkavicārabhāvamattaparidīpakaṃ, vitakka- vicārābhāvamattaparidīpakameva pana "avitakkaṃ avicāran"ti idaṃ vacanaṃ. Tasmā purimaṃ vatvāpi puna vattabbamevāti. Samādhijanti paṭhamajjhānasamādhito, sampayuttasamādhito vā jātanti attho. Tattha kiñcāpi paṭhamajjhānampi sampayuttasamādhito jātaṃ, atha kho ayameva samādhi "samādhī"ti vattabbataṃ arahati vitakkavicārakkhobhavirahena ativiya acalattā suppasannattā ca. Tasmā imassa vaṇṇabhaṇanatthaṃ idameva "samādhijan"ti vuttaṃ. Pītisukhanti idaṃ vuttanayameva. Dutiyanti gaṇanānupubbatā dutiyaṃ, idaṃ dutiyaṃ uppannantipi dutiyaṃ. Pītiyā ca virāgāti virāgo nāma vuttappakārāya pītiyā jigucchanaṃ vā samatikkamo vā, ubhinnaṃ pana antarā casaddo sampiṇḍanattho, so vūpasamaṃ vā sampiṇḍeti vitakkavicāravūpasamaṃ vā. Tattha yadā vūpasamameva sampiṇḍeti, tadā pītiyā virāgā ca, kiñca bhiyyo vūpasamā cāti evaṃ yojanā veditabbā. Imissā ca yojanāya virāgo jigucchanattho hoti, tasmā pītiyā jigucchanā ca samatikkamā cāti ayamattho daṭṭhabbo. Yadā pana vitakkavicāravūpasamaṃ sampiṇḍeti, tadā pītiyā ca virāgā, kiñca bhiyyo vitakkavicāranañca vūpasamāti evaṃ yojanā veditabbā. Imissā ca yojanāya virāgo samatikkamanattho hoti, tasmā pītiyā ca samatikkamā, vitakkavicārānañca vūpasamāti ayamattho daṭṭhabbo. Kāmañcete vitakkavicārā dutiyajjhāneyeva vūpasantā, imassa pana jhānassa maggaparidīpanatthaṃ vaṇṇabhaṇanatthañcetaṃ vuttaṃ. Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamāti hi vutte idaṃ paññāyati "nūna 1- vitakkavicāravūpasamo maggo imassa jhānassā"ti. Yathā ca @Footnote: 1 Sī. nanu--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page201.
Tatiye ariyamagge appahīnānampi sakkāyadiṭṭhādīnaṃ "pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānā"ti 1- evaṃ pahānaṃ vuccamānaṃ vaṇṇabhaṇanaṃ hoti, tadadhiggamāya ussukkānaṃ ussāhajanakaṃ, evameva idha avūpasantānampi vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamo vuccamāno vaṇṇabhaṇanaṃ hoti, tenāyamattho vutto "pītiyā ca samatikkamā vitakkavicārānañca vūpasamā"ti. Upekkhako ca viharatīti ettha upapattito ikkhatīti upekkhā, samaṃ passati apakkhapatitā hutvā passatīti attho. Tāya visadāya vipulāya thāmagatāya samannāgatattā tatiyajjhānasamaṅgī "upekkhako"ti vuccati. Upekkhā pana dasavidhā hoti chaḷaṅgupekkhā brahmavihārupekkhā bojjhaṅgupekkhā vīriyupekkhā saṅkhārupekkhā vedanupekkhā vipassanupekkhā tatramajjhattupekkhā jhānupekkhā pārisuddhupekkhāti. Tattha yā "idha bhikkhave khīṇāsavo bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā neva sumano hoti na dummano, upekkhako ca viharati sato sampajāno"ti 2- evamāgatā khīṇāsavassa chasu dvāresu iṭṭhāniṭṭhachaḷārammaṇāpāthe parisuddhipakatibhāvāvijahaṇākārabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ chaḷaṅgupekkhā nāma. Yā pana "upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharatī"ti 3- evamāgatā sattesu majjhattākārabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ brahma- vihārupekkhā nāma. Yā pana "upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitan"ti 4- evamāgatā sahajātadhammānaṃ majjhattākārabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ bojjhaṅgupekkhā nāma. @Footnote: 1 dī.Sī. 9/373/156, Ma.Ma. 13/133/109, aṅ.tika. 20/88/227 @2 aṅ.chakka. 272/247/223 3 dī.Sī. 9/556/246, Ma.mū. 12/77/51 @4 Ma.Ma. 13/247/223--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page202.
Yā pana "kālena kālaṃ upekkhānimittaṃ manasikarotī"ti 1- evamāgatā anaccāraddhanātisithilavīriyasaṅkhātā upekkhā, ayaṃ vīriyupekkhā nāma. Yā pana "kati saṅkhārupekkhā samathavasena uppajjanti, kati saṅkhārupekkhā vipassanāvasena uppajjanti, aṭṭha saṅkhārupekkhā samathavasena uppajjanti, dasasaṅkhārupekkhā vipassanāvasena uppajjantī"ti 2- evamāgatā nīvaraṇādippaṭisaṅkhāsantiṭṭhanāgahaṇe majjhattabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ saṅkhārupekkhā nāma. Yā pana "yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti. Upekkhā- sahagatan"ti 3- evamāgatā adukkhamasukhasaññitā upekkhā, ayaṃ vedanupekkhā nāma. Yā pana "yadatthi yaṃ bhūtaṃ, taṃ pajahati, upekkhaṃ paṭilabhatī"ti 4- evamāgatā vicinane majjhattabhūtā upekkhā ayaṃ vipassanupekkhā nāma. Yā pana chandādīsu yevāpanakesu āgatā sahajātānaṃ samavāhitabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ tatramajjhattupekkhā nāma. Yā pana "upekkhako ca viharatī"ti 5- evamāgatā aggasukhepi tasmiṃ apakkhapātajananī upekkhā, ayaṃ jhānupekkhā nāma. Yā pana "upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānan"ti 6- evamāgatā sabbapaccanīka- parisuddhā paccanīkavūpasamepi byāpārabhūtā upekkhā, ayaṃ pārisuddhiupekkhā nāma. Tattha chaḷaṅgupekkhā ca brahmavihārupekkhā ca bojjhaṅgupekkhā ca tatramajjhattupekkhā ca jhānupekkhā ca pārisuddhiupekkhā ca atthato ekā, tatramajjhattupekkhāva hoti. Tena tena avatthābhedena panassāyaṃ bhedo. Ekassāpi sato sattassa kumārayuvattherasenāpatirājādivasena bhedo viya, tasmā tāsu yattha @Footnote: 1 aṅ.tika. 20/103/251 2 khu.paṭi. 31/57/66 @3 abhi.saṃ. 34/157/48 4 Ma.u. 14/71/52 @5 dī.Sī. 9/89/37, Ma.mū. 12/173/134, abhi.saṃ. 34/165/52 @6 dī.Sī. 9/89/37, abhi.saṃ. 34/165/52--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page203.
Chaḷaṅgupekkhā, na tattha bojjhaṅgupekkhādayo. Yattha vā pana bojjhaṅgupekkhā, na tattha chaḷaṅgupekkhādayo hontīti veditabbā. Yathā cetāsaṃ atthato ekībhāvo, evaṃ saṅkhārupekkhāvipassanupekkhānampi. Paññā eva hi sā kiccavasena dvidhā bhinnā. Yathā hi purisassa sāyaṃ gehaṃ paviṭṭhaṃ sappaṃ ajapadadaṇḍaṃ gahetvā pariyesamānassa taṃ thusakoṭṭhake nipannaṃ disvā "sappo nukho, no"ti avalokentassa sovatthikattayaṃ disvā nibbematikassa "sappo, na sappo"ti vicinane majjhattatā uppajjati, evameva yā āraddhavipassakassa vipassanāñāṇena lakkhaṇattaye diṭṭhe saṅkhārānaṃ aniccabhāvādivicinane majjhattatā uppajjati, ayaṃ vipassanupekkhā. Yathā pana tassa purisassa ajapadena daṇḍena gāḷhaṃ sappaṃ gahetvā "kintāhaṃ imaṃ sappaṃ aviheṭhento attānañca iminā aḍaṃsāpento muñceyyan"ti muñcanākārameva pariyesato gahaṇe majjhattā hoti, evameva yā lakkhaṇattayassa diṭṭhattā āditte viya tayo bhave passato saṅkhāraggahaṇe majjhattatā, ayaṃ saṅkhārupekkhā ca. Iti vipassanupekkhāya siddhāya saṅkhārupekkhāpi siddhāva hoti. Iminā panesā vicinanaggahaṇesu majjhattasaṅkhātena kiccena dvidhā bhinnāti. Vīriyupekkhā pana vedanupekkhā ca aññamaññañca avasesā hi ca atthato bhinnā evāti. Āha cettha:- "majjhattabrahmabojjhaṅga- chaḷaṅgajhānasuddhiyo vipassanā ca saṅkhāra- vedanā viriyaṃ iti. Vitathārato dasopekkhā chamajjhattādito tato duve paññā tato dvīhi catasso va bhavantimā"ti. 1- Iti imāsu upekkhāsu jhānupekkhā idha adhippetā. Sā majjhattalakkhaṇā. Etthāha "nanu cāyaṃ atthato tatramajjhattupekkhāva hoti, sā ca paṭhamadutiyajjhānesupi @Footnote: 1 Sī. bhavanti cāti--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page204.
Atthi, tasmā tatrapi `upekkhako ca viharatī'ti evamayaṃ vattabbā siyā, sā kasmā na vuttā"ti? aparibyattakiccato. Aparibyattañhi tassa tattha kiccaṃ vitakkādīhi abhibhūtattā, idha panāyaṃ vitakkavicārapītīhi anabhibhūtattā ukkhittasirā viya hutvā paribyattakiccā jātā, tasmā vuttāti. Idāni sato ca sampajānoti ettha saratīti sato. Sampajānātīti sampajāno. Itipuggalena sati ca sampajaññaṃ. Tattha kiñcāpi idaṃ satisampajaññañca vuttaṃ. Tattha saraṇalakkhaṇā sati. Asammohalakkhaṇaṃ sampajaññaṃ tattha kiñcāpi idaṃ satisampajaññaṃ purimajjhānesupi atthi, muṭṭhassatissa hi asampajānassa upacāramattampi na sampajjati, pageva appanā. Oḷārikattā pana tesaṃ jhānānaṃ bhūmiyaṃ viya purisassa cittassa gati sukhā hoti, abyattaṃ tattha satisampajaññakiccaṃ. Oḷārikaṅgap- pahānena pana sukhumattā imassa jhānassa purisassa khuradhārāyaṃ viya satisampajañña- kiccapariggahitā eva cittassa gati icchitabbāti idheva vuttaṃ. Kiñca bhiyyo:- yathā dhenupago vaccho dhenuto apanīto arakkhiyamāno punadeva dhenuṃ upagacchati, evamidaṃ tatiyajjhānasukhaṃ pītito apanītaṃ satisampajaññārakkhena arakkhiyamānaṃ punadeva pītiṃ upagaccheyya, pītisampayuttameva siyā. Sukhe vāpi sattā sārajjanti, idañca atimadhuraṃ sukhaṃ tato paraṃ sukhābhāvā. Satisampajaññānubhāvena panettha sukhe asārajjanā hoti, no aññathāti. Idampi atthavisesaṃ dassetuṃ idaṃ idheva vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Idāni sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedetīti ettha kiñcāpi tatiyajjhānasamaṅgino sukhappaṭisaṃvedanā bhogo natthi, evaṃ santepi yasmā tassa nāmakāyena sampayuttaṃ sukhaṃ, yaṃ vā taṃ nāmakāyasampayuttaṃ sukhaṃ, taṃ samuṭṭhānenassa yasmā atipaṇītena rūpena rūpakāyo phuṭṭho, yassa phuṭṭhattā jhānā vuṭṭhitopi sukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeyya, tasmā etamatthaṃ dassento "sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedetī"ti āha.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page205.
Idāni yantaṃ ariyā ācikkhanti upekkhako satimā sukhavihārīti ettha yaṃjhānahetu yaṃjhānakāraṇā taṃ tatiyajjhānasamaṅgipuggalaṃ buddhādayo ariyā ācikkhanti desenti paññāpenti paṭṭhapenti vivaranti vibhajanti uttānīkaronti pakāsenti, pasaṃsantīti adhippāyo. Kinti? upekkhako satimā sukhavihārīti. Taṃ tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatīti evamettha yojanā veditabbā. Kasmā pana te evaṃ pasaṃsantīti? pasaṃsārahato. Ayaṃ hi yasmā atimadhurasukhe Sukhapāramīpattepi tatiyajjhāne upekkhako, na tattha sukhābhisaṅgena ākaḍḍhīyati. Yathā ca pīti na uppajjati, evaṃ upaṭṭhitassatitāya satimā. Yasmā ca ariyajanakantaṃ ariyajanasevitameva ca asaṅkiliṭṭhaṃ sukhaṃ nāmakāyena paṭisaṃvedeti, tasmā pasaṃsāraho hoti. Iti pasaṃsārahato naṃ ariyā te evaṃ pasaṃsārahahetubhūte guṇe pakāsentā "upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī"ti evaṃ pasaṃsantīti veditabbaṃ. Tatiyanti gaṇanānupubbato tatiyaṃ, tatiyaṃ uppannantipi tatiyaṃ. Sukhassa ca pahānā dukakhassa ca pahānāti kāyikasukhassa ca kāyikadukkhassa ca pahānā. Pubbevāti tañca kho pubbeva, na catutthajjhānakkhaṇe. Somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāti cetasikasukhassa cetasikadukkhassa cāti imesampi dvinnaṃ pubbeva atthaṅgamā, pahānā icceva vuttaṃ hoti. Kadā pana nesaṃ pahānaṃ hoti? catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ upacārakkhaṇe. Somanassaṃ hi catutthassa jhānassa upacārakkhaṇeyeva pahīyati, dukkhadomanassasukhāni paṭhamadutiyatatiyānaṃ upacārakkhaṇesu. Evametesaṃ pahānakkamena avuttānaṃ indriyavibhaṅge 1- pana indriyānaṃ uddesakkameneva idhāpi vuttānaṃ sukhadukkhasomanassadomanassānaṃ pahānaṃ veditabbaṃ. Yadi panetāni tassa tassa jhānassa upacārakkhaṇeyeva pahīyanti, atha kasmā "kattha cuppannaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati? idha bhikkhave bhikkhu vivicceva @Footnote: 1 abhi.vi. 35/219/145--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page206.
Kāmehi .pe. Paṭhamajjhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ettha cuppannaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ nirujjhati, kattha cuppannaṃ domanassindriyaṃ. Sukhindriyaṃ somanassindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati. Idha bhikkhave bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā .pe. Catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ettha cuppannaṃ somanassatindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhatī"ti 1- evaṃ jhānesveva nirodho vuttoti? atisayanirodhattā. Atisayanirodho hi tesaṃ paṭhamaj- jhānādīsu, na nirodhoyeva pana upacārakkhaṇe, nātisayanirodho. Tathā hi nānāvajjanena paṭhamajjhānūpacāre niruddhassāpi dukkhindriyassa ḍaṃsamakasādisamphassena vā visamāsanūpatāpena vā siyā uppatti, na tveva anto appanāyaṃ. Upacāre vā niruddhampetaṃ na suṭṭhu niruddhaṃ hoti paṭipakkhena avihatattā. Antoappanāyaṃ pana pītipharaṇena sabbo kāyo sukhokkanto hoti, sukhokkantakāyassa ca suṭṭhu niruddhaṃ hoti dukkhindriyaṃ paṭipakkhena vihatattā nānāvajjaneyeva ca dutiyajjhānūpacāre pahīnassāpi domanassindriyassa yasmā etaṃ vitakkavicārappaccayepi kāyakilamathe cittūpaghāte ca sati uppajjati, vitakkavicārābhāveneva uppajjati. Yattha pana uppajjati, tattha vitakkavicārabhāve. Appahīnāyeva ca dutiyajjhānūpacāre vitakkavicārāti. Tatthassa siyā uppatti, na tveva dutiyajjhāne pahīnappaccayattā. Tathā tatiyajjhānūpacāre pahīnassāpi sukhindriyassa pītisamuṭṭhānapaṇītarūpaphuṭṭhakāyassa siyā uppatti, natveva tatiyajjhāne. Tatiyajjhāne hi sukhassa paccayabhūtā pīti sabbaso niruddhā hoti. Tathā catutthajjhānūpacārena pahīnassāpi somanassindriyassa āsannattā, appanāppattāya upekkhāya abhāvena sammā anatikkantattā ca siyā uppatti, natveva catutthajjhāne. Tasmā evaṃ ca "etthuppannaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhatī"ti. Tattha tattha aparisesaggahaṇaṃ katanti. Etthāha "athevaṃ tassa tassa jhānassūpacāre pahīnāpi etā vedanā idha kasmā samāharī"ti. Sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ. Yā hi ayaṃ "adukkhaasukhan"ti ettha @Footnote: 1 saṃ.mahā. 19/510/188--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page207.
Adukkhamasukhā vedanā vuttā. Sā sukhumā duviññeyyā na sakkā sukhena gahituṃ, tasmā yathā nāma duṭṭhassa yathā tathā vā upasaṅkamitvā gahetuṃ asakkuṇeyyassa goṇassa gahaṇatthaṃ gopo ekasmiṃ vaje sabbā gāvo samāharati, athekekaṃ nīharanto paṭipāṭiyā āgataṃ "ayaṃ so gaṇhatha nan"ti tampi gāhāpeti, evameva sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ sabbāpi etā samāhari. Evaṃ hi samāhaṭā etā dassetvā "yaṃ neva sukhaṃ, na dukkhaṃ, na somanassaṃ, na domanassaṃ, ayaṃ adukkhamasukhāvedanā"ti sakkā hoti esā gāhayituṃ. Apica adukkhamasukhāya cetovimuttiyā paccayadassanatthañcāpi etā vuttāti veditabbā. Sukhadukkhappahānādayo hi tassā paccayā. Yathāha "cattāro kho āvuso paccayā adukkhamasukhāya cetovimuttiyā samāpattiyā, idhāvuso bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā .pe. Catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ime kho āvuso cattāro paccayā adukkhamasukhāya cetovimuttiyā samāpattiyā"ti 1- yathā vā aññattha pahīnāpi sakkāyadiṭṭhiādayo anāgāmimaggassa vaṇṇabhaṇanatthaṃ tattha pahīnāti vuttā, evaṃ vaṇṇabhaṇanatthampetassa jhānassetā idha vuttātipi veditabbā. Paccayaghātena vā ettha rāgadosānaṃ atidūrabhāvaṃ dassetumpetā vuttāti veditabbā. Etāsu hi sukhaṃ somanassassa paccayo, somanassaṃ rāgassa, dukkhaṃ domanassassa, domanassaṃ dosassa. Sukhādighātena ca sappaccayā rāgadosā hatāti avidūre hontīti. Adukkhamasukhanti dukkhābhāvena adukkhaṃ. Sukhābhāvena asukhaṃ. Etenettha dukkhasukhappaṭipakkhabhūtaṃ tatiyavedanaṃ dīpeti, na dukkhasukhābhāvamattaṃ. Tatiyavedanā nāma adukkhamasukhā, upekkhāti hi vuccati. Sā iṭṭhāniṭṭhaviparītānubhavanalakkhaṇā. Upekkhāsatipārisuddhinti upekkhāya janitasatipārisuddhiṃ. Imasmiṃ hi jhāne supari- suddhā sati, yā ca tassā satiyā pārisuddhi, sā upekkhāya katā, na aññena. @Footnote: 1 Ma.mū. 12/458/406--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page208.
Tasmā etaṃ "upekkhāsatipārisuddhin"ti vuccati. Yāya ca upekkhāya ettha satiyā pārisuddhi hoti, sā atthato tatramajjhattatāti veditabbā. Na kevalañcettha tāya satiyeva parisuddhā, apica kho sabbepi sampayuttadhammā, satisīsena pana desanā vuttā. Tattha kiñcāpi ayaṃ upekkhāheṭṭhāpi tīsu jhānesu vijjati, yathā pana divā sūriyappabhābhibhavā somabhāvena ca attano upakārakattena vā sabhāgāya rattiyā alābhā divā vijjamānāpi candalekhā aparisuddhā hoti apariyodātā, evamayampi tatramajjhattupekkhācandalekhā vitakkādipaccanīkadhammatejābhibhavā sabhāgāya ca upekkhāvedanārattiyā alābhā vijjamānāpi paṭhamajjhānādibhede aparisuddhā hoti. Tassā ca aparisuddhāya divā aparisuddhacandalekhāya pabhā viya sahajātāpi satiādayo aparisuddhāva honti. Tasmā tesu ekampi "upekkhāsatipārisuddhin"ti na vuttaṃ. Idha pana vitakkādipaccanīkatejābhibhavābhāvā sabhāgāya ca upekkhāvedanārattiyā paṭilābhā ayaṃ tatramajjhattupekkhā candalekhā ativiya parisuddhā, tassā parisuddhattā parisuddhacandalekhāya pabhā viya sahajātāpi satiādayo parisuddhā honti pariyodātā. Tasmā idamevaṃ "upekkhāsatipārisuddhin"ti vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Catutthanti gaṇanānupubbato catutthaṃ. Catutthaṃ uppannantipi catutthaṃ. Imāni cattāri jhānāni pubbabhāgepi nānā, maggakkhaṇepi. Pubbabhāge samāpattivasena nānā, maggakkhaṇe nānā maggavasena. Ekassa hi paṭhamamaggo paṭhamajjhāniko hoti, dutiyamaggādayopi paṭhamajjhānikā vā dutiyādīsu aññatarajjhānikā vā. Ekassa paṭhamamaggo dutiyādīnaṃ aññatarajjhāniko hoti, dutiyādayopi dutiyādīnaṃ aññatarajjhānikā vā paṭhamajjhānikā vā. Evaṃ cattāropi maggā jhānavasena sadisā vā asadisā vā ekaccasadisā vā honti. Ayaṃ panassa--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page209.
Viseso pādakajjhānaniyamena hoti. Paṭhamajjhānalābhino hi paṭhamajjhānā vuṭṭhāya vipassantassa uppannamaggo paṭhamajjhāniko hoti, maggaṅgabojjhaṅgāni panettha paripuṇṇāneva honti. Dutiyajjhānato vuṭṭhāya vipassantassa uppanno dutiyajjhāniko hoti, maggaṅgā panettha satta honti. Tatiyajjhānato vuṭṭhāya vipassantassa uppanno tatiyajjhāniko hoti, maggaṅgāni panettha satta, bojjhaṅgāni cha honti. Esa nayo catutthajjhānato paṭṭhāya yāva nevasaññānāsaññāyatanā. Āruppe catukkapañcakajjhānaṃ uppajjati, tañca kho lokuttaraṃ, na lokiyanti vuttaṃ. Ettha kathanti? etthapi paṭhamajjhānādīsu yato vuṭṭhāya sotāpattimaggaṃ paṭilabhitvā Arūpasamāpattiṃ bhāvetvā yo āruppe uppanno, taṃjhānikāva tassa tattha tayo maggā uppajjanti. Evaṃ pādakajjhānameva niyameti. Keci pana therā "vipassanāya ārammaṇabhūtā khandhā niyamentī"ti vadanti. Keci "puggalajjhāsayo niyametī"ti vadanti. Keci "vuṭṭhānagāminī vipassanā niyametī"ti vadanti. Tatrāyaṃ anupubbikathā:- vipassanāniyamena hi sukhavipassakassa uppannamaggopi, samāpattilābhino jhānaṃ pādakaṃ akatvā uppannamaggopi paṭhamajjhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā pakiṇṇakasaṅkhāre sammasitvā uppāditamaggopi paṭhamajjhānikova hoti, sabbesu satta bojjhaṅgāni aṭṭha maggaṅgāni pañca jhānaṅgāni hoti. Tesampi pubbabhāgavipassanā somanassasahagatāpi upekkhāsahagatāpi hutvā vuṭṭhānakāle saṅkhārupekkhābhāvaṃ pattā somanassasahagatāva hoti. Pañcakanaye dutiyatatiyacatutthajjhānāni pādakāni katvā uppāditamaggesu yathākkameneva jhānaṃ caturaṅgikaṃ tivaṅgikaṃ divaṅgikañca hoti, sabbesu pana satta maggaṅgāni honti, catutthe cha bojjhaṅgāni. Ayaṃ viseso pādakajjhānaniyamena ceva vipassanāniyamena ca hoti. Tesampi hi pubbabhāgavipassanā somanassasahagatāpi upekkhāsahagatāpi hoti, vuṭṭhānagāminī somanassasahagatāva.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page210.
Pañcamajjhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā nibbattitamagge pana upekkhācittekaggatāvasena dve jhānaṅgāni, bojjhaṅgamaggaṅgāni cha satta ceva. Ayampi viseso ubhayaniyamavasena hoti. Imasmiṃ hi naye pubbabhāgavipassanā somanassasahagatā vā upekkhāsahagatā vā hoti, vuṭṭhānagāminī upekkhāsahagatāva hoti. Arūpajjhānāni pādakāni katvā uppāditamaggepi eseva nayo. Idha pana catukkanaye avitakkavicāramattassa dutiyajjhānassa abhāvā taṃ apanetvā sesānaṃ vasena yojetabbaṃ. Evaṃ pādakajjhānato vuṭṭhāya yekeci saṅkhāre sammasitvā nibbattitamaggassa āsannadese vuṭṭhitasamāpatti attano sabhāgaṃ karoti bhūmivaṇṇo viya godhāvaṇṇassa. Dutiyattheravāde pana yato yato samāpattito vuṭṭhāya ye ye samāpattidhamme sammasitvā maggo nibbattito hoti, taṃtaṃsamāpattisadisova hoti. Tatrāpi ca vipassanāniyamo vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Tatiyattheravāde attano ajjhāsayānurūpena yaṃ yaṃ jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā ye ye jhānadhamme sammasitvā maggo nibbattito, taṃtaṃjhānasadisova hoti. Pādakajjhānaṃ pana sammasitajjhānaṃ vā vinā ajjhāsayamatteneva taṃ na ijjhati. Etthāpi ca vipassanāniyamo vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Ayaṃ vuccati sammāsamādhīti yā imesu catūsu jhānesu ekaggatā, ayaṃ pubbabhāge lokiyo, aparabhāge lokuttaro sammāsamādhi nāma vuccati. Evaṃ lokiyalokuttaravasena dhammasenāpati maggasaccaṃ deseti. Tattha lokiyamagge sabbāneva maggaṅgāni yathānurūpaṃ chasu ārammaṇesu aññatarārammaṇāni honti. Lokuttaramagge pana catusaccappaṭivedhāyaṃ pavattassa ariyasāvakassa nibbānārammaṇaṃ avijjānusaya- samugghātakaṃ paññācakkhu sammādiṭṭhi, tathā sampannadiṭṭhissa taṃsampayutto tividhamicchāsaṅkappasamugghātako cetaso nibbānapadābhiniropano sammāsaṅkappo,--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page211.
Tathā passantassa takkantassa ca taṃsampayuttāva catubbidhavacīduccaritasamugghātakā micchāvācāya virati sammāvācā, tathā viramantassa taṃsampayuttāva tividhamicchākammanta- samucchedikā micchākammantā virati sammākammanto, tesaṃyeva cassa vācā kammantānaṃ vodānabhūtā taṃsampayuttāva kuhanādisamucchedikā micchāājīvā virati sammāājīvo, tassāyevassa sammāvācākammantājīvasaṅkhātāya sīlabhūmiyaṃ patiṭṭhamānassa tadanurūpo taṃsampayuttova kosajjasamucchedako, anuppannuppannānaṃ akusalakusalānaṃ anuppādap- pahānuppādaṭṭhitisādhako ca vīriyārambho sammāvāyāmo, evaṃ vāyamantassa taṃsampayuttova micchāsativiniddhunako, kesādīsu kāyānupassanādisādhako ca cetaso asammoso sammāsati, evaṃ anuttarāya satiyā suvihitacittārakkhassa taṃsampayuttāva micchāsamādhividdhaṃsikā cittekaggatā sammāsamādhi. Esa lokuttaro ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. Yo saha lokiyena maggena dukkhanirodhagāminīpaṭipadāti saṅkhyaṃ gato, so kho panesa maggo sammādiṭṭhisaṅkappānaṃ vijjāya sesadhammānaṃ caraṇena saṅgahitattā vijjā ceva caraṇañca. Tathā tesaṃ dvinnaṃ vipassanāyānena itaresaṃ samathayānena saṅgahitattā samatho ceva vipassanā ca. Tesaṃ dvinnaṃ paññākkhandhena tadanantarānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ sīlakkhandhena avasesānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ samādhikkhandhena adhipaññāadhisīlaadhicitta- sikkhā hi ca saṅgahitattā khandhattayañaceva sikkhattayañca hoti. Yena samannāgato ariyasāvako dassanasamatthehi cakkhūhi gamanasamatthehi pādehi samannāgato addhiko viya vijjācaraṇasampanno hutvā vipassanāyānena kāmasukhallikānuyogaṃ samathayānena attakilamathānuyoganti antadvayaṃ parivajjetvā majjhimapaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno paññāk- khandhena mohakkhandhaṃ, sīlakkhandhena dosakkhandhaṃ, samādhikkhandhena ca lobhakkhandhaṃ padālento adhipaññāsikkhāya paññāsampadaṃ, adhisīlasikkhāya sīlasampadaṃ, adhicitta- sikkhāya samādhisampadanti tisso sampattiyo patvā amataṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikaroti.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page212.
Ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sattattiṃsabodhipakkhiyadhammaratanavicittaṃ sammattaniyāmasaṅkhātaṃ ariyabhūmiṃ okkanto hotīti. Maggasaccaniddesavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. ----------- Saccapakiṇṇakavaṇṇanā catūsu pana saccesu bādhanalakkhaṇaṃ dukkhasaccaṃ, pabhavalakkhaṇaṃ samudayasaccaṃ, santilakkhaṇaṃ nirodhasaccaṃ, niyyānalakkhaṇaṃ maggasaccaṃ, apica pavattipavattakanivatti- nivattakalakkhaṇāni paṭipāṭiyā. Tathā saṅkhatataṇhāasaṅkhatadassanalakkhaṇāni ca. Kasmā pana cattāreva ariyasaccāni vuttāni anūnāni anadhikānīti ce? aññassa asambhavato aññatarassa ca anapaneyyabhāvato. Na hi etehi aññaṃ adhikaṃ vā, etesaṃ vā ekampi apanetabbaṃ sambhoti. Yathāha:- "idha bhikkhave āgaccheyya samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā `nayidaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ aññaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ. Yaṃ samaṇena gotamena desitaṃ, ahamidaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ paññāpessāmī'ti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī"tiādi. Yathāha:- "yo hi koci bhikkhave samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā evaṃ vadeyya `netaṃ dukkhaṃ paṭhamaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, yaṃ samaṇena gotamena desitaṃ, ahametaṃ dukkhaṃ paṭhamaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, yaṃ samaṇena gotamena desitaṃ, ahametaṃ dukkhaṃ paṭhamaṃ ariyasaccaṃ paccakkhāya aññaṃ dukkhaṃ paṭhamaṃ ariyasaccaṃ paññapessāmī"ti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī"tiādi. 1- @Footnote: 1 saṃ mahā. 19/1086/374--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page213.
Apica pavattimācikkhanto bhagavā sahetukaṃ ācikkhi, nivattiñca saupāyaṃ. Iti pavattinivattitadubhayahetūnaṃ etapparamato cattāreva vuttāni. Tathā pariññeyyapahātabbasacchikātabbabhāvetabbānaṃ, taṇhāvatthutaṇhātaṇhānirodhataṇhā- nirodhūpāyānaṃ, ālayaālayārāmatāālayasamugghātaālayasamugghātūpāyānañca vasenāpi cattāreva vuttānīti. Ettha ca oḷārikattā sabbasattasādhāraṇattā ca suviññeyyanti dukkhasaccaṃ paṭhamaṃ vuttaṃ. Tasseva hetudassanatthaṃ tadanantaraṃ samudayasaccaṃ, hetunirodhā phalanirodhoti saññāpanatthaṃ tato nirodhasaccaṃ, tadadhigamūpāyadassanatthaṃ ante maggasaccaṃ, bhavasukhassādagadhitānaṃ vā sattānaṃ saṃvegajananatthaṃ paṭhamaṃ dukkhamāha, taṃ neva akataṃ āgacchati, na issaranimmānādito hoti, ito pana hotīti ñāpanatthaṃ tadanantaraṃ samudayaṃ, tato sahetukena dukkhena abhibhūtattā saṃviggamānasānaṃ dukkhanissaraṇagavesīnaṃ nissaraṇadassanena assāsajananatthaṃ nirodhaṃ, tato nirodhādhigamanatthaṃ nirodhasampāpakaṃ magganti ayametesaṃ kamo. Etesu pana bhāro viya dukkhasaccaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, bhārādānamiva samudayasaccaṃ, bhāranikkhepanamiva nirodhasaccaṃ, bhāranikkhepanūpāyo viya maggasaccaṃ. Rogo viya vā dukkhasaccaṃ, roganidhānamiva samudayasaccaṃ, rogavūpasamo viya nirodhasaccaṃ, bhesajjamiva vā maggasaccaṃ. Dubbhikkhamiva vā dukkhasaccaṃ, dubbuṭṭhi viya samudayasaccaṃ, subhikkhamiva nirodhasaccaṃ, suvuṭṭhi viya maggasaccaṃ. Apica verīveramūlaverasamugghātaverasamugghātū- pāyehi visarukkharukkhamūlamūlupacchedatadupacchedūpāyehi, bhayabhayamūlanibbhayatadadhigamūpāyehi, orimatīramahoghapārimatīrataṃsampāpakavāyāmehi ca yojetvāpetāni upamāto veditabbānīti. Sabbāneva panetāni saccāni paramatthena vedakakārakanibbutagamakābhāvato suññānīti veditabbāni. Tenetaṃ vuccati:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page214.
"dukkhameva hi na koci dukkhito kārako na kiriyāva vijjati, atthi nibbuti na nibbuto pumā maggamatthi gamako na vijjatī"ti. Atha vā:- dhuvasubhasukhattasaññaṃ purimadvayamattasuññamamatapadaṃ dhuvasukhaattavirahito maggo iti suññatā tesu. Nirodhasuññāni vā tīṇi, nirodho ca sesattayasuñño. Phalasuñño vā ettha hetu samudaye dukkhassa abhāvato, magge ca nirodhassa, na phalena sagabbho pakativādīnaṃ pakati viya. Hetusuññañca phalaṃ dukkhasamudayānaṃ nirodhamaggānañca asamavāyā, na hetusamavetaṃ hetuphalaṃ samavāyavādīnaṃ dviaṇukādi viya. Tenetaṃ vuccati:- "tayamidhanirodhasuññaṃ tayena tenāpi nibbutiṃ suññā suñño phalena hetu phalampi taṃhetunā suññan"ti. Sabbāneva saccāni aññamaññasabhāgāni avitathato attasuññato dukkarapaṭivedha to ca. Yathāha:- "taṃ kiṃ maññasi ānanda, katamaṃ nu kho dukkarataraṃ vā durabhisambhavataraṃ vā, yo dūratova sukhumena tāḷacchiggaḷena asanaṃ atipāteyya poṅkhānupoṅkhaṃ avirādhitaṃ, yo vā sattadhā bhinnassa vālassa koṭiyā koṭiṃ paṭivijjheyyāti. Etadeva bhante dukkaratarañceva durabhisambhavatarañca. Vā sattadhā bhinnassa vālassa koṭiyā koṭiṃ paṭivijjheyyāti. Atha kho te--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page215.
Ānanda duppaṭivijjhataraṃ paṭivijjhanti, ye `idaṃ dukkhan'ti yathā bhūtaṃ paṭivijjhanti .pe. `ayaṃ Dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā'ti yathābhūtaṃ paṭivijjhantī"ti. 1- Visabhāgāni salakkhaṇavavatthānato. Purimāni ca dve sabhāgāni duravagāhatthena gambhīrattā lokiyattā ca sāsavattā ca, visabhāgāni phalahetubhedato pariññeyya- pahātabbato ca. Pacchimānipi dve sabhāgāni gambhīrattena duravagāhattā lokuttarattā anāsavattā ca, visabhāgāni visayavisayībhedato sacchikātabbabhāvetabbato ca. Paṭhama- tatiyāni cāpi sabhāgāni phalāpadesato, visabhāgāni saṅkhatāsaṅkhatato. Dutiyacatutthāni cāpi sabhāgāni hetuapadesato, visabhāgāni ekantakusalākusalato. Paṭhamacatutthāni cāpi sabhāgāni saṅkhatato, visabhāgāni lokiyalokuttarato. Dutiyatatiyāni cāpi sabhāgāni nevasekkhānāsekkhabhāvato, visabhāgāni sārammaṇānārammaṇato. Iti evaṃ pakārehi nayehi ca vicakkhaṇo vijaññā ariyasaccānaṃ sabhāgavisabhāgatanti. Sabbameva cettha dukkhaṃ ekavidhaṃ pavattibhāvato, duvidhaṃ nāmarūpato, tividhaṃ kāmarūpā- rūpūpapattibhavabhedato, catubbidhaṃ catuāhārabhedato, pañcavidhaṃ pañcupādānakkhandhabhedato. Samudayopi ekavidho pavattakabhāvato, duvidho diṭṭhisampayuttāsampayuttato, tividho kāmabhavavibhavataṇhābhedato, catubbidho catumaggappaheyyato, pañcavidho rūpābhinandanādi- bhedato, chabbidho chataṇhākāyabhedato. Nirodhopi ekavidho asaṅkhatadhātubhāvato, pariyāyato pana duvidho saupādisesaanupādisesato, tividho bhavattayavūpasamato, catubbidho catumaggādhigamanīyato, pañcavidho pañcābhinandanavūpasamato, chabbidho chataṇhākāyakkhaya- bhedato. Maggopi ekavidho bhāvetabbato, duvidho samathavipassanābhedato, @Footnote: 1 saṃ.mahā. 19/1115/349--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page216.
Dassanabhāvanābhedato vā, tividho khandhattayabhedato. Ayaṃ hi sappadesattā nagaraṃ viya rajjena nippadesehi tīhi khandhehi saṅgahito. Yathāha:- "na kho āvuso visākha ariyena aṭṭhaṅgikena maggena tayo khandhā saṅgahitā, tīhi ca kho āvuso visākha khandhehi ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo saṅgahito. Yā cāvuso visākha sammāvācā, yo ca sammākammanto, yo ca sammāājīvo, ime dhammā sīlakkhandhe saṅgahitā. Yo ca sammāvāyāmo, yā ca sammāsati, yo ca sammāsamādhi, ime dhammā samādhikkhandhe saṅgahitā. Yā ca sammādiṭṭhi yo ca sammāsaṅkappo, ime dhammā paññākkhandhe saṅgahitā"ti. 1- Catubbidho sotāpattimaggādivasena. Apica sabbāneva saccāni ekavidhāni avitathattā, abhiññeyyattā vā, duvidhāni lokiyalokuttarato, saṅkhatāsaṅkhatato vā. Tividhāni dassanabhāvanāhi pahātabbato appahātabbato nevapahātabbanāpahātabbato ca. Catubbidhāni pariññeyyapahātabbasacchikātabbabhāvetabbatoti. Evaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ dubbodhānaṃ budho vidhiṃ anekabhedato jaññā hitāya ca sukhāya cāti. Saccapakiṇṇakavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. ----------- @Footnote: 1 Ma.mū. 12/462/412--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- page217.
Idāni dhammasenāpati bhagavatā desitakkameneva ante saccacatukkaṃ niddisitvā "taṃ ñātaṭṭhena ñāṇan"tiādinā saccacatukkavasena sutamaye ñāṇaṃ nigametvā dasseti, evaṃ "sotāvadhāne paññā sutamaye ñāṇan"ti pubbe vuttaṃ sabbaṃ nigametvā dassetīti. Saddhammappakāsiniyā paṭisambhidāmaggaṭṭhakathāya sutamayañāṇaniddesavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. --------------The Pali Atthakatha in Roman Book 47 page 174-217. http://84000.org/tipitaka/atthapali/read_rm.php?B=47&A=3890&pagebreak=1 อรรถกถาบาลีอักษรไทย :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/atthapali/read_th.php?B=47&A=3890&pagebreak=1 อ่านอรรถกถาแปลไทย :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/attha/attha.php?b=31&i=85 เนื้อความพระไตรปิฎกฉบับหลวง :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/r.php?B=31&A=906 พระไตรปิฎกฉบับบาลีอักษรไทย :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/pali_read.php?B=31&A=1153 The Pali Tipitaka in Roman Character :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/roman_read.php?B=31&A=1153 Contents of The Tipitaka Volume 31 http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/?index_31
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บันทึก ๖ กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. ๒๕๖๑. การแสดงผลนี้อ้างอิงข้อมูลจากอรรถกถาฉบับภาษาบาลี อักษรโรมัน. หากพบข้อผิดพลาด กรุณาแจ้งได้ที่ [email protected]