AtthaPali Vol.48

71. Mahakarunanananiddesavannana [117] Mahakarunanananiddese bahukehi akarehiti idani vuccamanehi ekunanavutiya pakarehi. Passantananti nanacakkhuna ca buddhacakkhuna ca olokentanam okkamatiti otarati pavisati. Adittoti dukkhalakkhanavasena pilayogato santapanatthena adipito "yadaniccam tam dukkhan"ti ^1- vuttatta sabbasankhatassa ceva dukkhalakkhanavasena pilitatta dukkhassa ca karunaya mulabhutatta pathamam dukkhalakkhanavasena "aditto"ti vuttanti veditabbam. Ragadihi adittatam pana upari vakkhati. Atha va adittoti ragadihiyeva aditto. Upari pana "tassa natthanno koci nibbapeta"ti atthapekkhanavasena puna vuttanti veditabbam. Lokasannivasoti pancakkhandha lujjanapalujjanatthena loko, tanhaditthivasena sannivasanti ettha sattati sannivaso, lokova sannivaso lokasannivaso. Dukkhitam khandhasantanam upadaya sattavoharasabbhavato lokasannivasayogato sattasamuhopi lokasannivaso, sopi ca sahakhandhakoyeva. Uyyuttoti anekesu kiccesu niccabyaparataya katayogo kataussaho, satatakiccesu ^2- saussukkoti attho. Ghattanayutto va uyyutto. Payatoti pabbateyya nadi viya anavatthitagamanena maranaya yatum araddho. @Footnote: ¹ sam.kha. 17/15/19 ² ka. sattakiccesu

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Kummaggappatipannoti kucchitam micchamaggam patipanno. Upari pana "vipathapakkhando"ti ^1- nanapadehi visesatva vuttam. Upaniyatiti jaravasena maranaya upaniyati hariyati. Jara hi "ayuno samhani"ti ^2- vutta. Addhuvoti na thiro, sada tatheva na hoti yasma addhuvo, tasma upaniyatiti purimassa karanavacanametam. Etena sakaranam jaradukkham vuttam. Tam jaradukkham disva jaraparijunnarahitapi vinnu pabbajanti. Atanoti tayitum rakkhitum samatthena rahito, anarakkhoti vuttam hoti. Anabhissaroti abhisaritva abhigantva byaharanena assa setum samatthena rahito, asahayoti va attho. Yasma anabhissaro, tasma atanoti purimassa karanavacanametam. Etena sakaranam piyavippayogadukkham vuttam. Tam piyavippayogadukkham disva natiparijunnarahitapi vinnu pabbajanti. Assakoti sakabhandarahito. Sabbam pahaya gamaniyanti sakabhandanti sallakkhitam sabbam pahaya lokakena gantbbam. Yasma sabbam pahaya gamaniyam, tasma assakoti purimassa karanavacanametam. Etena sakaranam maranadukkham vuttam. Tam disva bhogaparijunnarahitapi vinnu pabbajanti. Annattha "kammassaka manava sattati ^3- vuttam, idha ca ratthapalasutte ca "assako loko"ti ^4- vuttam, tam katham yujjatiti ce? pahaya gamaniyam sandhaya "assako"ti vuttam, kammam pana na pahaya gamaniyam. Tasma "kammassaka"ti vuttam. Ratthapalasutteyeva ca evametam vuttam "tvam pana yathakammam gamissasi"ti ^5-. Unoti paripurirahito. Atittoti bhiyyo bhiyyo patthanayapi na suhito. Idam unabhavassa karanavacanam. Tanhadasoti tanhaya vase vattanato tanhaya dasabhuto. Idam atittabhavassa karanavacanam. Etena iccharogapadesena sakaranam byadhidukkham vuttam. Tam byadhidukkham disva byadhiparijunnarahitapi vinnu pabbajanti. Atayanoti puttadihipi tayanassa @Footnote: ¹ si ---pakkhanto ² sam.ni. 16/2/3 @³ Ma.u. 14/289/262 ⁴ Ma.Ma. 13/305/281 ⁵ Ma.Ma. 13/306/283

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Abhavato atayano anarakkho, alabbhaneyyakhemo va. Alenoti alliyitum nissitum anaraho allinanampi ca lenakiccakarako. Asaranoti nissitanam na bhayasarako na bhayavinasako. Asaranibhutoti pure uppattiya attano abhaveneva asarano, uppattisamakalameva asaranibhutoti attho. Uddhatoti sabbakusalesu uddhaccassa uppajjanato sattasantane ca akusaluppatti bahullato akusalasamangi loko tena uddhaccena uddhato. Avupasantoti avupasamanalakkhanassa uddhaccasseva yogena avupasanto bhantamigapatibhago. "upaniyati loko"tiadisu catusu ca "uddhato loko"ti ca pancasu thanesu lokoti agatam, sesesu lokasannivasoti. Ubhayathapi lokoyeva. Sasalloti pilajanakataya antotudanataya dunniharaniyataya ca sallati sankham gatehi ragadihi sallehi sahavattanako. Viddhoti migadayo kadaci parehi viddha honti, ayam pana loko niccam attanava viddho. Puthusallehiti "satta sallani ragasallam dosasallam mohasallam manasallam ditthisallam kilesasallam duccaritasallan"ti ^1- vuttehi sattahi sallehi. Tassati tassa lokasannivasassa. Sallanam uddhatati tesam sallanam sattasantanato uddharita puggalo. Annatra mayati mam thapetva. Yepi bhagavato savaka sallani uddharanti, tesam bhagavato vacaneneva uddharanato bhagavava uddharati nama. Avijjandhakaravaranoti avijja eva sabhavadassanacchadanena andham viya karotiti avijjandhakaro sova sabhavagamananivaranena avaranam etassati avijjadhakaravarano. Kilesapanjarapakkhittoti kilesa eva kusalagamanasannirujjhanatthena panjaroti kilesapanjaro, avijjapabhave kilesapanjare pakkhitto patito. Alokam dassetati pannalokam dassanasilo pannalokassa dassetati va attho. Avijjagatoti avijjam gato pavittho, na kevalam avijjaya avaranamattameva, atha kho gahanagato viya avijjakosassa @Footnote: ¹ khu.maha. 29/806/501

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Anto pavitthoti purimato viseso. Andabhutotiadayo ca visesayeva. Andabhutoti ande bhuto nibbatto. Yatha hi ande nibbatta ekacce satta "andabhuta"ti vuccanti, evamayam loko avijjandakose nibbattatta "andabhuto"ti vuccati. Pariyonaddhoti tena avijjandakosena samantato onaddho baddho vethito. Tantakulakajatoti tantam viya akulabhuto. Yatha nama dunnikkhittam musikacchinnam pesakaranam tantam tahim tahim akulam hoti, idam aggam idam mulanti aggena va aggam, mulena va mulam samanetum dukkaram hoti, evameva satta paccayakare khalita akula byakula honti, na sakkonti paccayakaram ujum katum. Tattha tantam paccattapurisakare thatva sakkapi bhaveyya ujum katum, thapetva pana dve bodhisatte anno satto attano dhammataya paccayakaram ujum katum samattho nama natthi. Yatha pana akulam tantam kanjikam datva kocchena pahatam tattha tattha kulakajatam hoti ganthibaddham, evamayam loko paccayesu pakkhalitva ^1- paccaye ujum katum asakkonto dvasatthigatavasena kulakajato hoti ganthibaddho. Ye hi keci ditthiyo nissita. Sabbe te paccayam ujum katum na sakkontiyeva. Kulaganthikajatoti ^2- kulaganthikam viya bhato. Kulaganthikam vuccati pesakarakanjikasuttam. "kula nama sakunika, tassa kulavako"tipi eke. Yatha tadubhayampi akulam aggena va aggam mulena va mulam samanetum dukkaranti purimanayeneva yojetabbam. Munjapabbajabhutoti munjatinam viya pabbajatinam viya ca bhuto munjatinapabbajatinasadiso jato. Yatha tani tinani tinani kottetva kottetva katarajju jinnakale katthaci patitam gahetva tesam tinanam "idam aggam idam mulan"ti aggena va aggam, mulena va mulam samanetum dukkaram, tampi paccattapurisakare thatva sakka bhaveyya ujum katum, thapetva pana dve bodhisatte anno satto attano dhammataya @Footnote: ¹ i. pakkhipitva ² kulagunthikajatotipi patho, di.maha. 10/95/49, sam.ni. @16/60/89

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Paccayakaram ujum katum samattho nama natthi. Evamayam loko paccayakaram ujum katum asakkonto dvasatthiditthigatavaseneva ganthijato hutva apayam duggatim vinipatam samsaram nativattati. Tattha apayoti nirayo tiracchanayoni pettivisayo asurakayo. Sabbepi hi te vaddhisankhatassa ayassa abhavato "apayo"ti vuccanti. Tatha dukkhassa gatibhavato duggati. Sukhassa samussayato vinipatitatta vinipato. Itaro pana:- khandhananca patipati dhatuayatanana ca abbocchinnam vattamanam samsaroti pavuccati. Tam sabbampi nativattati natikkamati. Atha kho cutito patisandhim, patisandhito cutinti evam punappunam cutippatisandhiyo ganhamano tisu ca bhavesu catusu ca yonisu pancasu ca gatisu sattasu ca vinnanatthitisu navasu ca sattavasesu mahasamudde vatukkhittanava viya yantagono viya ca paribbhamatiyeva. Avijjavisadosasallittoti avijjayeva akusaluppadanena kusalajivitanasanato visanti avijjavisam, tadeva santanadusanato avijjavisadoso, tena anusayapariyutthanaduccaritabhutena bhusam litto makkhitoti avijjavisadosasallitto. Kilesakalalibhutoti avijjadimulaka kilesa eva osidanatthena kalalam kaddamoti kilesakalalam, tadassa atthiti kilesakalali, evam bhuto. Ragadosamohajatajatitoti lobhappatighavijjasankhata ragadosamoha eva rupadisu arammanesu hetthupariyavasena punappunam uppajjanato samsibbanatthena velugumbadinam sakhajalasankhata jata viyati jata, taya ragadosamohajataya jatito. Yatha nama velujatadihi veluadayo, evam taya jataya ayam loko jatito vinaddho ^1- samsibbitoti attho. Jatam vijatetati imam evam tedhatukam lokam jatetva thitam jatam vijateta sanchindita sampadalayita. @Footnote: ¹ i. vinividdho

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Tanhasamghatapatimukkoti tanha eva abbocchinnam pavattito samghatitatthena samghatoti tanhasamghato, tasmim tanhasamghate patimukko anupavittho antogatoti tanhasamghatapatimukko. Tanhajalena otthatoti ^1- tanha eva pubbe vuttanayena samsibbanatthena jalanti tanhajalam, tena tanhajalena otthato samantato chadito palivethito. Tanhasotena vuyhatiti tanha eva samsare akaddhanatthena sototi tanhasoto, tena tanhasotena vuyhati akaddhiyati. Tanhasannojanena sannuttoti tanha eva lokam vattasmim samyojanato bandhanato samyojananti tanhasamyojanam, tena tanhasamyojanena sannutto baddho. Tanhanusayena anusatoti tanha eva anusayanatthena anusayoti tanhanusayo, tena tanhanusayena anusato anugato thamagato. Tanhasantapena santappatiti tanha eva pavattikale phalakale ca lokam santapetiti santapo, tena tanhasantapena santappati santapiyati. Tanhaparilahena paridayhatiti tanha eva balavabhuta pavattikale phalakale ca samantato dahanatthena mahaparilahoti tanhaparilaho, tena tanhaparilahena paridayhati samantato dahiyati ^2-. Ditthisanghatadayo iminava nayena yojetabba. Anugatoti anupavittho. Anusatoti anudhavito. Abhibhutoti pilito. Abbhahatoti abhiahato abhimukham bhusam pahato. Dukkhe patitthitoti dukkhe khandhappancake sukhavipallasena patitthito abhinivittho. Tanhaya udditoti tanhaya ullanghito ^3-. Cakkhu hi tanharajjuna avunitva rupanagadante udditam, sotadini tanharajjuna avunitva saddadinagadantesu udditani. Tamsamangilokopi ^4- udditoyeva nama. Jarapakaraparikkhittoti @Footnote: ¹ Si. ottato ² Si. dayhati ³ Ma. ullangito ⁴ i. tamsamangipuggalo

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Anatikkamaniyatthena pakarabhutaya jaraya parivasito. Maccupasena parikkhittoti dummocaniyatthena pasabhutena maranena baddho. Mahabandhanabaddhoti dalhatta ducchedatta ca mahantehi bandhanehi baddho. Ragabandhanenati rago eva bandhati samsarato calitum na detiti ragabandhanam. Tena ragabandhanena. Sesesupi eseva nayo. Kilesabandhanenati vuttavasesena kilesabandhanena. Duccaritabandhanenati tividhena duccaritabandhanena. Sucaritam pana bandhanamokkhassa ca atthi. Tasma tam na gahetabbam. Bandhanam mocetati tassa bandham moceta. Bandhana mocetatipi patho, bandhanato tam mocetati attho. Mahasambadhappatipannoti kusalasancarapilanena mahasambadhasankhatam ragadosamohamanaditthikilesaduccaritagahanam patipanno. Okasam dassetati lokiyalokuttarasamadhipannokasam dasseta. Mahapalibodhena palibuddhoti mahanivaranena nivuto. Mahalepena va litto. Palibodhoti ca ragadisattavidho eva. "tanhaditthipalibodho"ti eke. Palibodham chetati tam palibodham chindita. Mahapapateti pancagatipapate, jatijaramaranapapate va. Tam sabbampi duruttaratthena papato. Papata uddhatati tamha papatato uddharita. Mahakantarappatipannoti jatijarabyadhimaranasokaparidevadukkhadomanassupayasakantaram patipanno. Sabbampetam duratikkamanatthena kantaro, tam kantaram tareta. Kantara taretati va patho. Mahasamsarappatipannoti abbocchinnam khandhasantanam patipanno. Samsara mocetati samsarato moceta. Samsaram mocetati va patho. Mahaviduggeti samsaravidugge. Samsaroyeva hi duggamanatthena viduggo. Samparivattatiti bhusam nivattitva carati. Mahapalipeti mahante kamakaddame ^1- kamo hi osidanatthena paliPo. Palipannoti laggo. Mahapallepapalipannotipi patho. @Footnote: ¹ i. mahakamakaddame

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Abbhahatoti sabbopaddavehi abbhahato. Ragagginati ragadayoyeva anudahanatthena aggi. Tena ragaggina. Sesesupi eseva nayo. Unnitakoti uggahetva ^1- nito, jatiya uggahetva jaradiupaddavaya nitoti attho. Kakaro panettha anukampaya datthabbo. Hannati niccamatanoti parittayakena ^2- rahito satatam piliyati. Pattadandoti rajadihi laddhaano. Takkaroti coro. Vajjabandhanabaddhoti ragadivajjabandhanehi baddho. Aghatanapaccupatthitoti maranadhammaganthikatthanam upecca thito. Koci bandhana moceta. Koci bandhanam mocetatipi patho. Anathoti natthi etassa natho issaro, sayam va na natho issaro anatho, asaranoti va attho. Paramakapannappattoti jaradipatibahane appahutaya ativa kapanabhavam patto. Tayetati rakkhita. Tayitati va patho sundaro. Dukkhabhitunnoti jatidukkhadihi anekehi dukkhehi abhitunno atibyadhito atikkampito ca. Cirarattam pilitoti dukkheheva dighamaddhanam pilito ghattito. Gadhitoti gedhena giddho 3-, abhijjhakayaganthena va ganthito. Niccam pipasitoti patum bhunjitum iccha pipasa, sa tanha eva, tanhapipasaya nirantaram pipasito. Andhoti dassatthena cakkhuhi sankham gataya pannaya abhavato kano. Panna ^4- hi dhammabhavam passati. Acakkhukoti tam pana andhattam na paccha sambhutam, pakatiya eva avijjamanacakkhukoti tameva andhattam viseseti. Hatanettoti nayanatthena nettanti sankham gataya pannaya abhavatoyeva vinatthanettako. Samavisamam dassentam attabhavam netiti nettanti hi vuttam. Pannaya sugatim ^5- ca agatim ca neti. Hatanettattayevassa netu abhavam dassento aparinayakoti aha, avijjamananettakoti attho. Annopissa neta na vijjatiti vuttam hoti. Vipathapakkhandoti ^6- @Footnote: ¹ i. uggahetva uggahetva ² i. parittayanena ³ i. viddho @⁴ i. pannaya ⁵ i. duggatim ⁶ Si. vipathapakkhantoti

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Viparito, visamo va patho vipatho, tam vipatham pakkhando pavittho patipannoti vipathapakkhando, micchapathasankhatam micchaditthim patipannoti attho. Anjasaparaddhoti anjase ujumaggasmim majjhimapatipadaya aparaddho viraddho. Ariyapatham anetati ariyam atthangikam maggam upaneta patipadayita. Mahoghapakkhandoti yassa samvijjanti, tam vattasmim ohananti osidapentiti ogha, pakatioghato mahanta oghati mahogha. Te kamogho bhavogho ditthogho avijjoghoti catuppabheda. Te mahoghe pakkhando pavitthoti mahoghapakkhando, samsarasankhatam mahogham va pakkhandoti. [118] Idani ekuttarikanayo tattha dvihi ditthigatehiti sassatucchedaditthihi. Tattha ditthiyeva ditthigatam "guthagatam muttagatan"tiadini ^1- viya. Gantabbabhavato va ditthiya gatamattamevetanti ditthigatam, ditthisu gatam idam dassanam dvasatthiditthiantogadhattatipi ditthigatam. Dvasatthitesatthiditthiyopi hi sassataditthiucchedaditthiti dveva ditthiyo honti. Tasma sankhepena sabba ditthiyo anto karonto "dvihi ditthigatehi"ti vuttam. Pariyutthitoti pariyutthanam patto samudacaram patto, uppajjitum appadanena kusalacarassa ^2- gahanam pattoti attho. Vuttam hetam bhagavata "dvihi bhikkhave ditthigatehi pariyutthita devamanussa oliyanti eke, atidhavanti eke, cakkhumanto ca passanti"tiadi ^3-. Tihi duccaritehiti tividhakayaduccaritena catubbidhavaciduccaritena tividhamanoduccaritena. Vippatipannoti virupam patipanno, micchapatipannoti attho. Yogehi yuttoti vattasmim yojetiti yoga, itiatthena va yoga, tehi yogehi yutto samappito. Catuyogayojitoti kamayogo bhavayogo ditthiyogo avijjayogoti imehi catuhi yogehi sakatsmim yogo ^4- viya vattasmim yojito. Pancakamaguniko rago kamayogo. Ruparupabhavesu @Footnote: ¹ an.navaka. 23/11/309 ² Si. kusalavarassa @³ khu.iti. 25/49/270 ⁴ i. gavo

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Chandarago, jhananikanti ca, sassataditthisahajato rago bhavavasena patthana bhavayogo. Dvasatthi ditthiyo ditthiyogo. Atthasu thanesu annanam avijjayogo. Te eva cattaro balavabhuta ogha, dubbalabhuta yoga. Catuhi ganthehiti yassa samvijjanti, tam cutipatisandhivasena vattasmim ganthenti ghatentiti gantha. Te abhijjha kayagantho byapado kayagantho silabbataparamaso kayagantho idamsaccabhiniveso kayaganthoti catuppabheda. Abhijjhayanti etaya, sayam va abhijjhayati, abhijjhanamattameva va esati abhijjha. Lobhoyeva. Namakayam gantheti cutipatisandhivasena vattasmim ghatetiti kayagantho. Byapajjati tena cittam putibhavam gacchati, byapadayati va vinayacararupasampattihitasukhadiniti byapado. Iti bahiddha samanabrahmananam silena suddhi vatena suddhi silabbatena siddhiti paramasanam silabbataparamaso. Sabbannubhasitampi patikkhipitva "sassato loko, idameva saccam moghamannantiadina akarena abhinivisatiti idamsaccabhiniveso. Tehi catuhi ganthehi ganthito, baddhoti attho. Catuhi upadanehiti bhusam adiyanti dalhaggaham ganhantiti upadana. Te kamupadanam ditthupadanam silabbatupadanam attavadupadananti catuppabheda. Vatthusankhatam kamam upadiyatiti kamupadanam, kamo ca so upadanam catipi kamupadanam. Ditthi ca sa upadanancati ditthupadanam, ditthim upadiyatitipi ditthupadanam "sassato atta ca loko catiadisu ^1- hi purimaditthim uttaraditthi ^2- upadiyati. Silabbatam udapadiyatiti silabbatupadanam, silabbatanca tam upadanam catipi silabbatupadanam. Gosilagovatadini hi evam visuddhiti abhinivesato sayameva upadanani. Vadanti etenati vado, upadiyanti etenati upadanam. Kim vadanti, upadiyanti @Footnote: ¹ khu.pati. 31/147/167 ² Si. purimaditthi uttaraditthim

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Va? attanam. Attano vadupadanam attavadupadanam, attavadamattameva va attati upadiyanti etenati attavadupadanam. Thapetva ima dve ditthiyo sabbapi ditthi ditthupadanam. Tehi catuhi upadanehi. Upadiyatiti bhusam ganhiyati ^1-. Upadiyatiti va patho, loko upadanehi tam tam arammanam bhusam ganhatiti attho. Pancagatisamarulhoti sukatadukkatakaranehi gammati upasankamiyatiti gati, sahokasaka khandha. Nirayo tiracchanayoni pettivisayo manussa devati ima panca gatiyo vokkamanabhavena ^2- bhusam arulho. Pancahi kamagunehiti rupasaddagandharasaphotthabbasankhatehi pancahi vatthukamakotthasehi. Rajjatiti ayonisomanasikaram paticca raguppadanena tehi ranjiyati, saratto kariyatiti attho. Pancahi nivaranehiti cittam nivaranti pariyonandhantiti nivarana. Kamacchandabyapadathinamiddhauddhaccakukkuccavicikicchasankhatehi pancahi nivaranehi. Otthatoti uparito pihito. Chahi vivadamulehiti chahi vivadassa mulehi. Yathaha:- "../../bdpicture/chayimani bhikkhave vivadamulani. Katamani cha, idha bhikkhave bhikkhu kodhano hoti upanahi. Yo so bhikkhave bhikkhu kodhano hoti upanahi, so sattharipi agaravo viharati appatisso, dhammepi, samghepi, sikkhayapi na paripurakari yo so bhikkhave bhikkhu satthari agaravo viharati appatisso, dhammepi, samghepi, sikkhayapi na paripurakari, so samghe vivadam janeti. Yo hoti vivado bahujanahitaya bahujanasukhaya bahuno janassa anatthaya ahitaya dukkhaya devamanussanam. Evarupam ce tumhe bhikkhave vivadamulam ajjhattam va bahiddha va samanupasseyyatha, tatra @Footnote: ¹ Si. ganhanti ² Si. avokkamanabhavena

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Tumhe bhikkhave tasseva papakassa vivadamulassa pahanaya vayameyyatha. Evarupam ce tumhe bhikkhave vivadamulam ajjhattam va bahiddha va na samanupasseyyatha. Tatra tumhe bhikkhave tasseva papakassa vivada- mulassa ayatim anavassavaya patipajjeyyatha. Evametassa papakassa vivadamulassa pahanam hoti, evametassa papakassa vivadamulassa ayatim anavassavo hoti. Puna ca param bhikkhave bhikkhu makkhi hoti palaSi. Issuki hoti macchari. Satho hoti mayavi. Papiccho hoti micchaditthi. Sanditthi paramasi hoti adhanaggahi duppatinissaggi. Yo so bhikkhave bhikkhu sanditthiparamasi hoti adhanaggahi duppatinissaggi, so sattharipi .pe. Ayatim anavassavo hoti"ti. ^1- Tattha kodhanoti kujjhanalakkhanena kodhena samannagato. Upanahiti veraappatinissajjanalakkhanena upanahena samannagato. Ahitaya dukkhaya devamanussananti dvinnam bhikkhunam vivado katham devamanussanam ahitaya dukkhaya samvattatiti? kosambikakkhandhake ^2- viya dvisu bhikkhusu vivadam apannesu tasmim vihare tesam antevasika vadanti, tesam ovadam ganhanto bhikkhubhikkhunisamgho ^3- vivadati, tato tesam upatthaka vivadanti. Atha manussanam arakkhadevata dve kotthasa honti. Dhammavadinam arakkhadevata dhammavadiniyo honti adhammavadinam adhammavadiniyo. Tato arakkhadevatanam mitta bhummatthadevata bhijjanti. Evam paramparaya yava brahmaloka thapetva ariyasavake sabbe devamanussa dve kotthasa honti. Dhammavadihi pana adhammavadinova bahutara honti. Tato yam bahukehi gahitam, sabbam tam saccanti dhammam vissajjetva @Footnote: ¹ an.chakka. 22/307/373-5 (sya) @² vi.maha. 5/541/231, an. chakka. 22/307/373 (sya) ³ cha.Ma. bhikkhunisamgho, Si. @bhikkhusamgho

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Bahutarava adhammam ganhanti. Te adhammam purakkhatva viharanta apayesu nibbattanti. Evam dvinnam bhikkhunam vivado devamanussanam ahitaya dukkhaya hoti. Ajjhattam vati tumhakam abbhantaraparisaya va. Bahiddha vati paresam parisaya va. Makkhiti paresam gunamakkhanalakkhanena makkhena samannagato. Palasiti yugaggahalakkhanena palasena samannagato. Issukiti paresam sakkaradiissayanalakkhanaya issaya samannagato. Macchariti avasamacchariyadihi pancahi macchariyehi samannagato. Sathoti keratiko. Mayaviti katapapappaticchadako. Papicchoti asantasambhavanicchako dussilo. Micchaditthiti natthikavadi ahetukavadi akiriyavadi. Sanditthiparamasiti sayam ditthimeva paramasati. Adhanaggahiti dalhaggahi. Duppatinissaggiti na sakka hoti gahitam vissajjapetum. Khuddakavatthuvibhange pana "tattha katamani cha vivadamulani, kodho makkho issa satheyyam papicchata sanditthiparamasita. Imani cha vivadamulani"ti ^1- padhanavasena ekekoyeva dhammo vutto. Chahi tanhakayehiti "rupatanha saddatanha gandhatanha rasatanha photthabbatanha dhammatanha"ti ^2- vuttahi chahi tanhahi. Tattha yasma ekekayeva tanha anekavisayatta ekekasmimpi visaye punappunam uppattito aneka honti, tasma samuhatthena kayasaddena yojetva tanhakayati vuttam. Tanhakayati vuttepi tanha eva. Rajjatiti sayam arammane rajjati. Saratto hoti. Chahi ditthigatehiti sabbasavasutte vuttehi. Vuttam hi tattha:- "tassa evam ayoniso manasikaroto channam ditthinam annatara ditthi uppajjati. `atthi Me atta'ti va assa saccato thetato ditthi uppajjati, `natthi attanava attanam sanjanami'ti va assa saccato thetato ditthi uppajjati, `attanava attanam sanjanami'ti va assa @Footnote: ¹ abhi.vi. 35/944/464 ² abhi.vi. 35/944/464

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Saccato thetato ditthi uppajjati, `attanava anattanam sanjanami'ti va assa saccato thetato ditthi uppajjati, `attava anattanam sanjanami'ti va assa saccato thetato ditthi uppajjati, atha va panassa evam ditthi hoti `yo me ayam atta vado vedeyyo tatra tatra kalyanapapakanam kammanam vipakam patisamvedeti, so ca kho pana me ayam atta nicco dhuvo sassato aviparinamadhammo sassatisamam tatheva thassati"ti ^1-. Tattha atthi me attati sassataditthi sabbakalesu attano atthitam ganhati. Saccato thetatoti bhuto ca thirato ca, "idam saccan"ti sutthu dalhabhavenati vuttam hoti. Natthi me attati ucchedaditthi sato sattassa tattha tattha vibhavagaggahanato. Atha va purimapi tisu kalesu atthiti gahanato sassataditthi, paccuppannameva atthiti ganhanti ucchedaditthi, pacchimapi atitanagatesu natthiti gahanato "bhassanta ahutiyo"ti gahitaditthigatikanam viya ucchedaditthi. Atite eva natthiti ganhanti adhiccasamuppannakassa viya sassataditthi. Attanava attanam sanjanamiti sannakkhandhasilena khandhe attati gahetva sannaya avasesakkhandhe sanjanato imina attana imam attanam sanjanamiti hoti. Attanava anattananti sannakkhandhamyeva attati gahetva, itare cattaropi anattati gahetva sannaya te sanjanato evam hoti. Anattanava attananti sannakkhandham anattati gahetva, itare cattaropi attati gahetva sannaya te sanjanato evam hoti. Sabbapi sassatucchedaditthiyova. Vado vedeyyotiadayo pana sassataditthiya eva abhinivesakaRa. Tattha vadatiti vado, vacikammassa karakoti vuttam hoti. Vedayatiti vedeyyo, janati anubhavati cati vuttam hoti. @Footnote: ¹ Ma.mu. 12/19/12

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Kim vedetiti? tatra tatra kalyanapapakanam kammanam vipakam patisamvedeti. Tatra tatrati tesu tesu yonigatithitinivasanikayesu arammanesu va. Niccoti uppadavayarahito. Dhuvoti thiro sarabhuto. Sassatoti sabbakaliko. Aviparinamadhammoti attano pakatibhavam avijahanadhammo, kakantako viya nanappakarakam napajjati. Sassatisamanti candasuriyasamuddamahapathavipabbatalokavoharena sassatiyoti vuccanti. Sassatihi samam sassatisamam. Yava sassatiyo titthanti, tava tatheva thassatiti ganhato evam ditthi hoti. Khuddakavatthuvibhange pana "tatra tatra digharattam kalyanapapakanam kammanam vipakam paccanubhoti, na so jato nahosi, na so jato na bhavissati, nicco dhuvo sassato aviparinamadhammoti va panassa saccato thetato ditthi uppajjati"ti ^1- cha ditthi evam visesetva vutta. Tattha na so jato nahositi so atta ajatidhammato na jato nama, sada vijjamanoyevati attho. Teneva atite nahosi, anagate na bhavissati. Yo hi jato, so ahosi. Yo ca jayissati, so bhavissatiti vuccati. Atha va na so jato nahositi so sada vijjamanatta atitepi na jatu na ahosi, anagatepi na jatu na bhavissati. Anusaya vuttattha. Sattahi sannojanehiti sattakanipate vuttehi. Vuttam hi tattha:- "sattimani bhikkhave sannojanani. Katamani satta, anunaya- sannojanam patighasannojanam ditthisannojanam vicikicchasannojanam manasannojanam bhavaragasannojanam avijjasannojanam. Imani kho bhikkhave satta sannojanani"ti. ^2- @Footnote: ¹ abhi.vi. 35/948/466 ² an.sattaka. 23/8/6

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Tattha anunayasannojananti kamaragasannojanam. Sabbanevetani bandhanatthena sannojanani. Sattahi manehiti khuddakavatthuvibhange vuttehi. Vuttanhi tattha:- "mano atimano manatimano omano adhimano asmimano micchamano"ti ^1-. Tattha manoti seyyadivasena puggalam anamasitva jatiadisu vatthuvaseneva unnati. Atimanoti jatiadihi "maya sadiso natthi"ti atikkamitva unnati. Manatimanoti "ayam pubbe maya sadiso, idani aham settho, ayam hinataro"ti uppannamano. Omanoti jatiadihi attanam hettha katva pavattamano, hinohamasmiti manoyeva. Adhimanoti anadhigateyeva catusaccadhamme adhigatoti mano. Ayam pana adhimano parisuddhasilassa kammatthane appamattassa namarupam vavatthapetva paccayapariggahena vitinnakankhassa tilakkhanam aropetva sankhare sammasantassa araddhavipassakassa puthujjanassa uppajjati, na annesam. Asmimanoti rupadisu khandhesu asmiti mano, "aham rupan"tiadivasena uppannamanoti vuttam hoti. Micchamanoti papakena kammayatanadina uppannamano. Lokadhamma vuttattha. Samparivattatiti lokadhammehi hetubhutehi labhadisu catusu anurodhavasena, alabhadisu catusu pativirodhavasena bhusam nivattati, pakatibhavam jahatiti attho. Micchattapi vuttattha. Niyyatoti gato pkkhando, abhibhutoti attho. Atthahi purisadosehiti atthakanipate upamahi saha, khuddakavatthuvibhange upamam vina vuttehi. Vuttam hi tattha:- @Footnote: ¹ abhi.vi. 35/949/467

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"katame attha purisadosa. Idha bhikkhu bhikkhum apattiya codenti, so bhikkhu bhikkhuhi apattiya codiyamano "na sarami na sarami"ti asatiyava nibbetheti ^1-. Ayam pathamo purisadoso. Puna caparam bhikkhu bhikkhum apattiya codenti, so bhikkhu bhikkhuhi apattiya codiyamano codakamyeva patippharati "kim nu kho tuyham balassa abyattassa bhanitena, tvampi nama mam bhanitabbam mannasi"ti. Ayam dutiyo purisadoso. Puna caparam bhikkhu bhikkhum apattiya codenti, so bhikkhu bhikkhuhi apattiya codayamano codakamyeva paccaropeti "tvampi khosi itthannamam apattim apanno, tvam tava pathamam patikarohi"ti. Ayam tatiyo purisadoso. Puna caparam bhikkhu bhikkhum apattiya codenti, so bhikkhu bhikkhuhi apattiya codiyamano annenannam paticarati, bahiddha katham apanameti, kopanca dosanca appaccayanca patukaroti. Ayam catuttho purisadoso. Puna caparam bhikkhu bhikkhum apattiya codenti, so bhikkhu bhikkhuhi apattiya codiyamano samghamajjhe bahavikkhepakam bhanati. Ayam pancamo purisadoso. Puna caparam bhikkhu bhikkhum apattiya codenti, so bhikkhu bhikkhuhi apattiya codiyamano anadiyitva samgham anadiyitva codakam sapattikova yena kamam pakkamati. Ayam chattho purisadoso. @Footnote: ¹ Si. nibbedheti

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Puna caparam bhikkhu bhikkhum apattiya codenti, so bhikkhu bhikkhuhi apattiya codiyamano "nevaham apannomhi, na panaham anapannomhi"ti so tunhibhuto samgham viheseti. Ayam sattamo purisadoso. Puna caparam bhikkhu bhikkhum apattiya codenti, so bhikkhu bhikkhuhi apattiya codiyamano evamaha "kim nu kho tumhe ayasmanto atibalham mayi byavata, idanaham sikkham paccakkhaya hinayavattissami"ti. So sikkham paccakkhaya hinayavattitva evamaha "idani kho tumhe ayasmanto attamana hotha"ti. Vayam atthamo purisadoso. Ime attha purisadosati ^1-. Tattha purisadosati purisanam dosa, te pana purisasantanam dusentiti dosa. Na sarami na saramiti "maya etassa kammassa katatthanam nassarami na sallakkhemiti evam asatibhavena nibbetheti moceti. Codakamyeva patippharatiti pativiruddho hutva pharati, patianibhavena ^2- titthati. Kim nu kho tuyhanti tuyham balassa abyattassa bhanitena nama kim, yo tvam neva vatthum, na apattim, na codanam janasiti dipeti. Tvampi nama evam kinci ajananto bhanitabbam mannasiti ajjhottharati. Paccaropetiti "tvampi khosi"tiadini vadanto patiaropeti. Patikarohiti desanagaminim desehi, vutthanagaminito vutthahi, tato suddhante ^3- patitthito annam codessiti dipeti. Annenannam paticaratiti annena karanena, vacanena va annam karanam, vacanam va paticchadeti. "apattim apannosi"ti vutto "ko apanno, kim apanno, kismim apanno, katham apanno, kam bhanatha, kim bhanatha"ti bhanati. "evarupam kinci taya ditthan"ti vutte "na @Footnote: ¹ abhi.vi. 35/957/472 ² abhi.at. 2/554-patibhanitabhavena ³ i. suddhatte

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Sunami"ti sotam upaneti ^1-. Bahiddha katham apanametiti "itthannamam apattim apannosi"ti puttho "pataliputtam gatomhi"ti vatva puna "na tava pataliputtagamanam pucchama"ti ^2- vutte "tato rajagaham gatomhi"ti. "rajagaham va yahi brahmanageham va, apattim apannosi"ti. "tattha me sukaramamsam laddhan"tiadini vadanto katham bahiddha vikkhipati. Kopanti kupitabhavam, dosanti dutthabhavam. Ubhayampetam kodhasseva namam. Appaccayanti asantutthakaram, domanassassetam namam. Patukarotiti dasseti pakaseti. Bahavikkhepakam bhanatiti baham vikkhipitva vikkhipitva alajjivacanam vadati. Anadiyitvati cittikarena aggahetva avajanitva anadaro hutvati attho. Vihesetiti vihetheti badhati. Atibalhanti atidalham atippamanam. Mayi byavatati mayi byaparam apanna. Hinayavattitvati hinassa gihibhavassa atthaya avattitva, gihi hutvati attho. Attamana hothati tutthacitta hotha, "maya labhitabbam labhatha, maya vasitabbatthane vasatha, phasuviharo vo maya kato"ti adhippayena vadati. Dussatiti duttho hoti. Navahi aghatavatthuhiti sattesu uppattivaseneva kathitani. Yathaha:- "navayimani bhikkhave aghatavatthuhi. Katamani nava, `anattham me acari'ti aghatam bandhati. `anattham Me carati'ti aghatam bandhati, `anattham me carissati'ti aghatam bandhati, `piyassa me manapassa anattham acari, anattham carati, anattham carissati'ti aghatam bandhati, `appiyassa me amanapassa attham acari, attham acari, attham carissati'ti aghatam bandhati. Imani kho bhikkhave na aghatavatthuni"ti ^3-. @Footnote: ¹ i. apaneti ² Si. pucchama apattim pucchama"ti. ³ an.navaka. 23/29/335

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Tattha aghatavatthuniti aghatakaranani. Aghatanti cettha kopo, soyeva uparupari kopassa vatthutta aghatavatthu. Aghatam bandhatiti kopam ^1- bandhati karoti uppadeti. "attham me nacari, na carati, na carissati. Piyassa me manapassa attham nacari, na carati, na carissati. Appiyassa me amanapassa anattham nacari, na carati, na carissati"ti ^2- niddese vuttani aparanipi nava aghatavatthuni imeheva navahi sangahitani. Aghatitoti ghattito. Navavidhamanehiti katame navavidhamana. Seyyassa seyyohamasmiti mano, seyyassa sadisohamasmiti mano, seyyassa hinohamasmiti mano, sadisassa seyyohamasmiti mano, sadissa sadisohamasmiti mano, sadisassa hinohamasmiti mano, hinassa seyyohamasmiti mano, hinassa sadisohamasmiti mano, hinassa hinohamasmiti mano. Ime navavidhamana ^3-. Ettha pana seyyassa seyyohamasmiti mano rajunanceva pabbajitananca uppajjati. Raja hi "ratthena va dhanena va vahanehi va ko maya sadiso atthi"ti etam manam karoti, pabbajitopi "siladhutangadihi ko maya sadiso atthi"ti etam manam karoti. Seyyassa sadisohamasmiti manopi etesamyeva uppajjati. Raja hi "ratthena va dhanena va vahanehi va annarajuhi saddhim mayham kim nanakaranan"ti etam manam karoti, pabbajitoti "siladhutangadihi annena bhikkhuna mayham kim nanakaranan"ti etam manam karoti. Seyyassa hinohamasmiti manopi etesamyeva uppajjati. Yassa hi ranno rattham va dhanam va vahanadini va natisampannani honti, so "mayham rajati @Footnote: ¹ i. kodham ² khu.maha. 29/384/257 (sya) ³ abhi.vi. 35/1022/962/475

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Voharasukhamattakameva, kim raja nama ahan"ti etam manam karoti, pabbajitopi appalabhasakkaro "aham dhammakathiko bahussuto mahatheroti kathamattameva, kim dhammakathiko namaham, kim bahussuto namaham, kim mahathero namaham, yassa me labhasakkaro natthi"ti etam manam karoti. Sadisassa seyyohamassamiti manadayo amaccadinam uppajjanti. Amacco va hi ratthiyo va "bhogayanavahanadihi ko maya sadiso anno rajapuriso atthi"ti va, "mayham annehi saddhim kim nanakaranan"ti va, "amaccoti namameva mayham, ghasacchadanamattampi me natthi, kim amacco namahan"ti va etam manam karoti. Hinassa seyyohamasmiti manadayo dasadinam uppajjanti. Daso hi "matito va pitito va ko maya sadiso anno daso nama atthi, anno jivitum asakkonta kucchihetu dasa nama jata, aham pana paveniagatatta seyyoti va, "paveniagatabhavena ubhatosuddhikadasattena asukadasena nama saddhim mayham kim nanakaranan"ti va, kucchivasenaham dasabyam upagato, matapitukotiya pana me dasatthanam natthi, kim daso nama ahan"ti va etam manam karoti. Yatha ca daso, evam pukkusacandaladayopi etam manam karontiyeva. Ettha ca seyyassa seyyohamasmiti uppannamanova yathavamano, itare dve ayathavamana. Tatha sadisassa sadisohamasmiti hinassa hinohamasmiti uppannamanova yathavamano, itare dve ayathavamana. Tattha yathavamana arahattamaggavajjha, ayathavamana sotapattimaggavajjhati. Tanhamulaka vuttayeva. Rajjatiti na kevalam rageneva rajjati, atha kho tanhamulakanam pariyesanadinampi sambhavato tanhamulakehi sabbehi akusaladhammehi, rajjati, yujjati bajjhatiti adhippayo.

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Dasahi kilesavatthuhiti katamani dasa kilesavatthuni. Lobho doso moho mano ditthi vicikiccha thinam uddhaccam ahirikam anottappanti imani dasa kilesavatthuni ^1-. Tattha kilesa eva kilesavatthuni, vasanti va ettha akhinasava satta lobhadisu patitthitattati vatthuni, kilesa ca te tappatitthanam sattanam vatthuni cati kilesavatthuni. Yasma cettha anantarapaccayadibhavena uppajjamanapi kilesa vasanti eva nama, tasma kilesanam vatthunitipi kilesavatthuni. Lubbhanti tena, sayam va lubbhanti, lubbhanamattameva va tanti lobho. Dussanti tena, sayam va dussati, dussanamattameva va tanti doso. Muyhanti tena, sayam va muyhati, muyhanamattameva va tanti moho. Mannatiti mano. Ditthiadayo vuttatthava. Na hiriyatiti ahiriko tassa bhavo ahirikam. Na ottappattiti anottappam, tassa bhavo anottappam. Tesu ahirikam kayaduccaritadihi ajigucchanalakkhanam, anottappam teheva asarajjanalakkhanam. Kilissatiti upatapiyati vibadhiyati. Dasahi aghatavatthuhiti pubbe vuttehi navahi ca "atthane va panaghato jayati"ti ^2- vuttena cati dasahi. Anattham me acaritiadinipi hi avikappapetva khanukantakadimhipi atthane aghato uppajjati. Dasahi akusalakammapathehiti katame dasa akusalakammapatha ^3-. Panatipato adinnadanam kamesumicchacaro musavado pisuna vaca pharusa vaca samphappalapo abhijjha byapado micchaditthi. Ime dasa akusalakammapatha. Tattha akusalakammani ca tani patha ^4- ca duggatiyati akusalakammapatha. Samannagatoti samangibhuto. Dasahi sannojanehiti katamani dasa samyojanani ^5-. Kamaragasamyojanam patighasamyojanam manasamyojanam ditthisamyojanam vicikicchasamyojanam silabbataparamasasamyojanam @Footnote: ¹ abhi.vi. 35/966/476 ² abhi.vi. 35/967/476 @³ di.pa. 11/347/238 ⁴ Ma. pathani ca ⁵ abhi.vi. 35/969/477

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Bhavaragasamyojanam issasamyojanam macchariyasamyojanam avijjasamyojanam. Imani dasa samyojanani. Micchatta vuttayeva. Dasavatthukaya micchaditthiyati katama dasavatthuka micchaditthi ^1-. Natthi dinnam. Natthi yittham, natthi hutam, natthi sukatadukkatanam kammanam phalam vipako, natthi ayam loko, natthi paro loko, natthi mata, natthi pita, natthi satta opapatika, natthi loke samanabrahmana sammaggata sammapatipanna ye imanca lokam paranca lokam sayam abhinnaya sacchikatva pavedenti. Ayam dasavatthuka micchaditthi. Tattha dasavatthukati dasa vatthuni etissati dasavatthuka. Natthi dinnanti dinnam nama atthi, sakka kassaci kinaci datunti janati. Dinnassa pana phalam vipako natthiti ganhati. Natthi yitthanti yittham vuccati mahayago, tam yajitum sakkati janati. Yitthassa pana phalam vipako natthiti ganhati. Hutanti ahunapahunamangalakiriya, tam katum sakkati janati. Tassa pana phalam vipako natthiti ganhati. Sukatadukkatananti ettha dasa kusalakammapatha sukatakammani nama, dasa akusalakammapatha dukkatakammani nama. Tesam atthibhavam janati. Phalam vipako pana natthiti ganhati. Natthi ayam lokoti paraloke thito imam lokam natthiti ganhati. Natthi paro lokoti idhaloke thito paralokam natthiti ganhati. Natthi mata natthi pitati matapitunam atthikavam janati. Tesu katappaccayena koci phalam vipako natthiti ganhati. Natthi satta opapatikati cavanakaupapajjanakasatta ^2- natthiti ganhati. Sammaggata sammapatipannati anulomapatipadam patipanna dhammikasamanabrahmana lokasmim natthiti ganhati. Ye imanca lokam .pe. Pavedentiti imanca paranca lokam attanava abhivisitthena nanena natva pavedanasamattho sabbannu buddho natthiti ganhati. @Footnote: ¹ abhi.vi. 35/971/477 ² i. cavanakauppajjanaka satta

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Antaggahikaya ditthiyati "sassato loko"tiadikam ekekam antam bhagam ^1- ganhatiti antaggahika. Atha va antassa gaho antaggaho, antaggaho assa atthiti antaggahika. Taya antaggahikaya. Sa pana vuttayeva. Atthasatatanhapapancasatehiti atthuttaram satam atthasatam, samsare papanceti ciram vasapetiti papanco, tanha eva papanco tanhapapanco, arammanabhedena punappunam uppattivasena ca tanhanam bahukatta bahuvacanam katva tanhapapancanam satam tanhapapancasatam. Tena "tanhapapancasatena"ti vattabbe vacanavipallasavasena "tanhapapancasatehi"ti bahuvacananiddeso kato. Atthasatanti sankhatena tanhapapancasatenati attho datthabbo. Attha abboharikani katva satameva gahitanti veditabbam. Khuddakavatthuvibhange pana tanhavicaritaniti agatam yathaha:- "attharasa tanhavicaritani ajjhattikassa upadaya, attharasa tanhavicaritani bahirassa upadaya, tadekajjham abhisannuhitva abhisankhipitva chattimsa tanhavicaritani, anagatani chattimsa tanha- vicaritani, paccuppannani chattimsa tanhavicaritani tadekajjham abhisannuhitva abhisankhipitva atthatanhavicaritasatam hoti"ti ^2- tanhapapancayeva panettha tanhavicaritaniti vutta. Tanhasamudacara tanhapavattiyoti attho. Ajjhattikassa upadayati ajjhattikam khandhapancakam upadaya. Idam hi upayogatthe samivacanam. Vittharo panassa tassa niddese ^3- vutatanayeneva veditabbo. Ayam pana aparo nayo:- ruparammanayeva kamatanha bhavatanha vibhavatanhati tisso tanha honti, tatha saddadiarammanati chasu arammanesu attharasa tanha honti, ajjhattarammana attharasa, bahiddharammana @Footnote: ¹ i. antabhavam ² abhi.vi. 35/976/487 ³ abhi.vi. 35/973/478

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Attharasati chattimsa honti. Ta eva atitarammana chattimsa, anagatarammana chattimsa, paccuppannarammana chattimsati atthatanhavicaritasatam hoti. Papancitoti arammane samsare va papancito ciravasito. Dvasatthiya ditthigatehiti "katamani dvasatthi ditthigatani brahmajale veyyakarane vuttani bhagavata. Cattaro sassatavada, cattaro ekaccasassatavada, cattaro antanantika, cattaro amaravikkhepika, dve adhiccasamuppannika, solasa sannivada, attha asannivada, attha nevasanninasannivada, satta ucchedavada, panca ditthadhammanibbanavadati imani dvasatthi ditthigatani brahmajale veyyakarane vuttani bhagavata"ti ^1-. Vittharo panettha brahmajalasutte vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Ahancamhi tinnoti ahanca caturogham, samsarasamuddam va tinno amhi bhavami. Muttoti ragadibandhanehi mutto. Dantoti nibbisevano nipparipphando. Santoti sitibhuto. Assatthoti nibbanadassane ^2- laddhassaso. Parinibbutoti kilesaparinibbanena parinibbuto. Pahomiti samatthomhi. Kho iti ekamsatthe nipato. Pare ca parinibbapetunti ettha pare casaddo "pare ca taretun"tiadihipi yojetabboti. Mahakarunanananiddesavannana nitthita. --------------------

The Pali Atthakatha in Roman Book 48 page 16-40. http://84000.org/tipitaka/atthapali/rm_line.php?B=48&A=351&modeTY=2&pagebreak=1 อรรถกถาบาลีอักษรไทย :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/atthapali/read_th.php?B=48&A=351&modeTY=2&pagebreak=1 อ่านอรรถกถาแปลไทย :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/attha/attha.php?b=31&i=285 เนื้อความพระไตรปิฎกฉบับหลวง :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/r.php?B=31&A=3164 พระไตรปิฎกฉบับบาลีอักษรไทย :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/pali_read.php?B=31&A=3675 The Pali Tipitaka in Roman Character :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/roman_read.php?B=31&A=3675 Contents of The Tipitaka Volume 31 http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/?index_31