|
| บทนำ พระวินัยปิฎก พระสุตตันตปิฎก พระอภิธรรมปิฎก ค้นพระไตรปิฎก ชาดก หนังสือธรรมะ |
8. Dhammasutta (nāvāsutta) vaṇṇanā
[319] Yasmā hi dhammanti dhammasuttaṃ, "nāvāsuttan"tipi 1- vuccati. Kā
uppatti? idaṃ suttaṃ āyasmantaṃ sāriputtattheraṃ ārabbha vuttaṃ. Ayamettha
saṅkhepo, vitthāro pana dvinnaṃ aggasāvakānaṃ uppattito pabhuti veditabbo.
Seyyathidaṃ? anuppanne kira bhagavati dve aggasāvakā ekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ
Kappasatasahassañca pāramiyo pūretvā devaloke nibbattā. Tesaṃ paṭhamo cavitvā
rājagahassa avidūre upatissagāmo nāma brāhmaṇānaṃ bhogagāmo atthi, tattha
saṭṭhiadhikapañcakoṭisatadhanavibhavassa gāmasāmino brāhmaṇassa rūpasārī nāma
brāhmaṇī, tassā kucchiyaṃ paṭisandhiṃ aggahesi. Dutiyo tassevāvidūre kolitagāmo
nāma brāhmaṇānaṃ bhogagāmo atthi, tattha tathārūpavibhavasseva gāmasāmino
brāhmaṇassa moggallānī nāma brāhmaṇī, tassā kucchiyaṃ taṃdivasameva paṭisandhiṃ
aggahesi. Evaṃ tesaṃ ekadivasameva paṭisandhiggahaṇañca gabbhavuṭṭhānañca ahosi.
Ekadivaseyeva ca nesaṃ ekassa upatissagāme jātattā upatisso, ekassa
kolitagāme jātattā kolitoti nāmaṃ akaṃsu.
Te sahapaṃsuṃ kīḷantā sahāyakā anupubbena vuḍḍhiṃ 2- pāpuṇiṃsu, ekamekassa
ca pañcapañcamāṇavakasatāni parivārā ahesuṃ. Te uyyānaṃ vā nadītitthaṃ 3- vā
gacchantā sapavivārāyeva gacchanti. Eko pañcahi suvaṇṇasivikāsatehi, dutiyo
pañcahi ājaññarathasatehi. Tadā ca rājagahe kālānukālaṃ giraggasamajjo nāma
hoti, 4- sāyanhasamaye nagaravemajjhe yattha sakalaaṅgamagadhavāsino abhiññātā
khattiyakumārādayo sannipatitvā supaññattesu mañcapīṭhādīsu nisinnā samajjavibhūtiṃ
passanti. Atha te sahāyakā tena parivārena saddhiṃ tattha gantvā paññattāsanesu
@Footnote: 1 Ma.,ka. nāthasutatantipi 2 i. vuddhiṃ
@3 ka. nadītiṭṭhaṃ 4 ka. ahosi
Nisīdiṃsu. Tato upatisso samajjavibhūtiṃ passanto mahājanakāyaṃ sannipatitaṃ disvā
"ettako janakāyo appatvāva marissatī"ti cintesi. Tassa maraṇaṃ āgantvā
nalāṭante patiṭṭhitaṃ viya ahosi, tathā kolitassa. Tesaṃ anekappakāresu naṭesu
naccantesu dassanamattepi cittaṃ na nami, aññadatthu saṃvego eva udapādi.
Atha vuṭṭhite samajje pakkantāya parisāya sakaparivārena pakkantesu
tesu sahāyesu kolito upatissaṃ pucchi "kiṃ samma nāṭakādidassanena tava
pamodanamattampi nāhosī"ti. So tassa taṃ pavattiṃ ārocetvā tampi tatheva
paṭipucchi. Sopi tassa attano pavattiṃ ārocetvā "ehi samma pabbajitvā
amataṃ gavesāmāti āha, "sādhu sammā"ti upatisso taṃ sampaṭicchi. Tato
dvepi janā taṃ sampattiṃ chaḍḍetvā punadeva rājagahamanuppattā. Tena ca
samayena rājagahe sañjayo 1- nāma paribbājako paṭivasati. Te tassa santike
pañcahi māṇavakasatehi saddhiṃ pabbajitvā katipāheneva tayo vede sabbañca
paribbājakasamayaṃ uggahesuṃ te tesaṃ satthānaṃ ādimajjhapariyosānaṃ upaparikkhantā
pariyosānaṃ adisvā ācariyaṃ pucchiṃsu "imesaṃ satthānaṃ ādimajjhaṃ dissati,
pariyosānaṃ pana na dissati `idaṃ nāma imehi satthehi pāpuṇeyyāti, yato
uttari pāpuṇitabbaṃ natthī'ti. "sopi āha "ahampi tesaṃ tathāvidhaṃ pariyosānaṃ
na passāmī"ti. Te āhaṃsu "tenahi mayaṃ imesaṃ pariyosānaṃ gavesāmā"ti. Te
ācariyo "yathāsukhaṃ gavesathā"ti āha. Evaṃ te tena anuññātā amataṃ
gavesamānā āhiṇḍantā jambudīpe pākaṭā ahesuṃ. Tehi khattiyapaṇḍitādayo
pañhaṃ puṭṭhā uttaruttariṃ na sampāyanti. "upatisso kolito"ti vutte pana
"ke ete, na kho mayaṃ jānāmāti bhaṇantā natthi, evaṃ vissutā ahesuṃ.
@Footnote: 1 cha.Ma. sañcayo
Evaṃ tesu amatapariyesanaṃ caramānesu amhākaṃ bhagavā loke uppajjitvā
pavattitapavaradhammacakko anupubbena rājagahamanuppatto. Te ca paribbājakā
sakalajambudīpaṃ caritvā tiṭṭhatu amataṃ, antamaso pariyosānapañhāvissajjanamattampi
alabhantā punadeva rājagahaṃ agamaṃsu. Atha kho āyasmā assaji pubbaṇhasamayaṃ
nivāsetvāti yāva tesaṃ pabbajjā. Tāva sabbaṃ pabbajjākkhandhake 1-
āgatanayena 2- vitthārato daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Evaṃ pabbajitesu tesu dvīsu sahāyakesu āyasmā sāriputto
aḍḍhamāsena sāvakapāramiñāṇaṃ sacchākāsi. So yadā assajittherena saddhiṃ
ekavihāre vasati, tadā bhagavato upaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā anantaraṃ therassa upaṭṭhānaṃ
gacchati "pubbācariyome ayamāyasmā, etamahaṃ nissāya bhagavato sāsanaṃ aññāsin"ti
gāravena. Yadā pana assajittherena saddhiṃ ekavihāre na vasati, tadā yassaṃ
disāyaṃ thero vasati, taṃ disaṃ oloketvā pañcaṅgapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā añjaliṃ
paggayha namassati. Taṃ disvā keci bhikkhū kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ "sāriputto
aggasāvako hutvā disaṃ namassati, ajjāpi maññe brāhmaṇadiṭṭhi appahīnā"ti.
Atha bhagavā dibbāya sotadhātuyā taṃ kathāsallāpaṃ sutvā paññattapavarabuddhāsane
nisinnaṃyeva attānaṃ dassento bhikkhū āmantesi "kāya nuttha bhikkhave etarahi
kathāya sannisinnā"ti. Te taṃ pavattiṃ ācikkhiṃsu. Tato bhagavā "na bhikkhave
sāriputto disaṃ namassati, yaṃ nissāya sāsanaṃ aññāsi, taṃ attano ācariyaṃ
vandati namassati sammāneti, ācariyapūjako bhikkhave sāriputto"ti vatvā tattha
sannipatitānaṃ dhammadesanatthaṃ imaṃ suttamabhāsi.
@Footnote: 1 vi. mahā. 4/60/51 2 cha.Ma. āgatanayeneva
Tattha yasmā hi dhammaṃ puriso vijaññāti yato puggalā piṭakattayappabhedaṃ
pariyattidhammaṃ vā, pariyattidhammaṃ vā, pariyattiṃ sutvā adhigantabbaṃ navalokuttarap-
pabhedaṃ paṭivedhadhammaṃ vā puriso vijaññā jāneyya vedeyya. "yassā"tipi 1-
pāṭho, soevattho. Indaṃva naṃ devatā pūjayeyyāti yathā sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ
dvīsu devalokesu devatā pūjenti, evaṃ so puggalo taṃ puggalaṃ kālasseva
vuṭṭhāya upāhanāomuñcanādiṃ sabbaṃ vattapaṭipattaṃ karonto pūjeyya sakkareyya
garukareyya. Kiṃkāraṇaṃ? so pūjito .pe. Pātukaroti dhammaṃ, so ācariyo evaṃ
pūjito tasmiṃ antevāsimhi pasannacitto pariyattipaṭivedhavasena bahussuto
desanāvaseneva pariyattidhammañca desanaṃ sutvā yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipattiyā
adhigantabbaṃ paṭivedhadhammañca pātukaroti deseti, desanāya vā pariyattidhammaṃ,
upamāvasena attanā adhigatapaṭivedhadhammaṃ pātukaroti.
[320] Tadaṭṭhikatvāna nisamma dhīroti evaṃ pasannena ācariyena pātukataṃ
dhammaṃ aṭṭhikatvāna suṇitvā upadhāraṇasamatthatāya dhīro puriso. Dhammānudhammaṃ
paṭipajjamānoti lokuttaradhammassa anulomattā anudhammabhūtaṃ vipassanaṃ bhāvayamāno.
Viññū vibhāvī nipuṇo ca hotīti viññutāsaṅkhātāya paññāya adhigamena viññū,
vibhāvetvā paresampi pākaṭaṃ katvā ñāpanasamatthatāya vibhāvī, parama sukhumattha-
paṭivedhatāya nipuṇo ca hoti. Yo tādisaṃ bhajati appamattoti yo tādisaṃ
pubbe vuttappakāraṃ bahussutaṃ appamatto tappasādanaparo hutvā bhajati.
[321] Evaṃ paṇḍitācariyasevanaṃ pasaṃsitvā idāni bālācariyasevanaṃ
nindanto "khuddañca bālan"ti imaṃ gāthamāha. Tattha khuddanti khuddena
kāyakammādinā samannāgataṃ, paññābhāvato bālaṃ. Anāgatatthanti
@Footnote: 1 ka. videyyātipi
Anadhigatapariyattipaṭivedhatthaṃ. Usuyyakanti 1- issāmanakatāya 2- antevāsikassa vuḍḍhiṃ
asahamānaṃ. Sesamettha pākaṭameva padato. Adhippāyato pana yo bahucīvarādilābhī 3-
ācariyo antevāsikānaṃ cīvarādīni na sakkoti dātuṃ, dhammadāne pana aniccadukkhānatta-
vacanamattampi na sakkoti, etehi khuddatādidhammehi 4- samannāgatattā taṃ khuddaṃ
bālaṃ anāgatatthaṃ usuyyakaṃ ācariyamupasevamāno "pūtimacchaṃ kusaggenā"ti 5-
vuttanayena sayampi bālo hoti. Tasmā idha sāsane kiñci appamattakampi
pariyattidhammaṃ paṭivedhadhammaṃ vā avibhāvayitvā ca avijānitvā ca yassa dhammesu
kaṅkhā, taṃ ataritvā maraṇaṃ upetīti evamassa attho veditabbo.
[322-3] Idāni tassevatthassa pākaṭakaraṇatthaṃ "yathā naro "ti
gāthādvayamāha. Tattha āpaganti nadiṃ. Mahodakanti bahuudakaṃ. Salilanti ito
cito ca gataṃ, vitthiṇṇanti 6- vuttaṃ hoti. "saritan"tipi pāṭho, soevattho.
Sīghasotanti hārahārikaṃ, vegavatinti 7- vuttaṃ hoti. Kiṃ soti ettha "so
vuyhamāno"ti iminā ca sokārena tassa narassa niddiṭṭhattā nipātamatto
sokāro, kiṃsūti vuttaṃ hoti yathā "na bhavissāmi nāma so, vinassissāmi nāma
so"ti. Dhammanti pubbe vuttaṃ dubbidhaṃyeva. 8- Anisāmayatthanti anisāmetvā
atthaṃ. Sesamettha pākaṭameva padato.
Adhippāyato pana yathā yo kocideva naro vuttappakāraṃ nadiṃ otaritvā
tāya nadiyā vuyhamāno anusotagāmī sotameva anugacchanto pare pāratthike. 9-
Kiṃ sakkhati pāraṃ netuṃ. "sakkatī"tipi pāṭho. Tatheva duvidhampi dhammaṃ attano
@Footnote: 1 cha.Ma. usūyakanti 2 ka. issāpakatāya 3 ka. bahucīvarādīni lābhī
@4 Ma. khuddādidhammehi 5 khu.iti. 25/76/292 khu.jā. 27/2152/437 (syā)
@6 Ma. odhito apagataṃ vitthiṇṇanti 7 Ma. na cirāgataṃ vegavatinti
@8 cha.Ma.,i. duvidhameva 9 ka. pare tīraṭṭhite
Paññāya avibhāvayitvā bahussutānañca santike atthaṃ anisāmetvā sayaṃ
avibhāvitattā ajānanto anisāmitattā ca avitiṇṇakaṅkho pare kiṃ sakkhati
nijjhāpetuṃ pekkhāpetunti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. "so vata cunda
attanā palipapalipanno"ti 1- ādikañcettha suttapadaṃ anussaritabbaṃ.
[324-5] Evaṃ bālasevanāya bālassa paraṃ nijjhāpetuṃ asamatthatāya
pākaṭakaraṇatthaṃ upamaṃ vatvā idāni "yo tādisaṃ bhajati 2- appamatto"ti ettha
vuttassa paṇḍitassa pare nijjhāpetuṃ samatthatāya pākaṭakaraṇatthaṃ "yathāpi
nāvan"ti gāthādvayamāha. Tattha phiyenāti dabbipadarena. Rittenāti veḷudaṇḍena.
Tatthāti tassaṃ nāvāyaṃ. Tatrūpayaññūti 3- tassā nāvāya āharaṇapaṭiharaṇādi-
upāyajānanena 4- maggapaṭipādanena upāyaññū. Sikkhitasikkhatāya sukusalahatthatāya 5- ca
kusalo. Uppannupaddavapaṭikārasamatthatāya mutīmā. Vedagūti vedasaṅkhātehi catūhi
maggañāṇehi gato. Bhāvitattoti tāyeva maggabhāvanāya bhāvitacitto. Bahussutoti
pubbe vuttanayeneva. Avedhadhammoti aṭṭhahi lokadhammehi akampaniyasabhāvo.
Sotāvadhānūpanisūpapanneti sotaodahanena ca maggaphalānaṃ upanissayena ca
uppanne. Sesaṃ uttānapadatthameva. Adhippāyayojanāpi sakkā purimanayeneva
vijānitunti 6- na vitthāritā.
[326] Evaṃ paṇḍitassa pare nijjhāpetuṃ samatthabhāvapākaṭakaraṇatthaṃ
upamaṃ vatvā tassā paṇḍitasevanāya niyojento "tasmā have"ti imaṃ
avasānagāthamāha. Tatthāyaṃ 7- saṅkhepattho:- yasmā upanissayasampannā
@Footnote: 1 Ma.mū. 12/87/60 2 i. bhajate 3 Sī.,ka. tatrupāyaññūti
@4 Sī.,ka. āharaṇapasāraṇādiupāyajānanena 5 Sī.,i. lahuhatthatāya
@6 cha.Ma.,i. jānitunti 7 cha.Ma.,i. tatrāyaṃ
Paṇḍitasevanena visesaṃ pāpuṇanti, tasmā have sappurisaṃ bhajetha. Kīdisaṃ sappurisaṃ
bhajetha? medhāvinañceva bahussutañca, paññāsampattiyā ca medhāvinaṃ
vuttappakārasutadvayena ca bahussutaṃ. Tādisaṃ hi bhajamāno tena bhāsitassa dhammassa
aññāya atthaṃ evaṃ ñatvā ca yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāno tāya paṭipattiyā
paṭivedhavasena viññātadhammo so maggaphalanibbānappabhedaṃ lokuttarasukhaṃ labhetha
adhigaccheyya pāpuṇeyyāti arahattanikūṭena desanaṃ samāpesīti.
Paramatthajotikāya khuddakaṭṭhakathāya
suttanipātaṭṭhakathāya
dhammasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
---------------
The Pali Atthakatha in Roman Book 29 page 140-146.
http://84000.org/tipitaka/atthapali/read_rm.php?B=29&A=3145
อรรถกถาบาลีอักษรไทย :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/atthapali/read_th.php?B=29&A=3145
อ่านอรรถกถาแปลไทย :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/attha/attha.php?b=25&i=325
เนื้อความพระไตรปิฎกฉบับหลวง :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/r.php?B=25&A=8038
พระไตรปิฎกฉบับบาลีอักษรไทย :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/pali_read.php?B=25&A=8010
The Pali Tipitaka in Roman Character :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/roman_read.php?B=25&A=8010
Contents of The Tipitaka Volume 25
http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/?index_25
        |
|
บันทึก ๖ กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. ๒๕๖๑. การแสดงผลนี้อ้างอิงข้อมูลจากอรรถกถาฉบับภาษาบาลี อักษรโรมัน. หากพบข้อผิดพลาด กรุณาแจ้งได้ที่ [email protected]