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12. Dvadasakanipata
378. 1. Silavattheragathavannana
dvadasakanipate silamevatiadika ayasmato silavattherassa gatha. Ka
uppatti?
ayampi purimabuddhesu katadhikaro tattha tattha bhave vivattupanissayam kusalam
upacinitva imasmim buddhuppade rajagahe bimbisararanno putto hutva
nibbatti, silavatissa namam ahosi. Tam vayappattam raja ajatasattu maretukamo
candam mattahatthim aropetva nanavidhehi upayehi upakkamantopi maretum nasakkhi
pacchimabhavikassa arahattam apatva antara jivitantarayabhavato. Tassa pavattim 1- disva
bhagava mahamoggallanattheram anapesi "silavakumaram anehi"ti. Thero iddhibalena
saddhim hatthina tam 2- anesi. Kumaro hatthito oruyha bhagavantam abhivadetva
ekamantam nisidi. Bhagava tassa ajjhasayanurupam dhammam desesi. So dhammam sutva
patiladdhasaddho pabbajitva vipassanaya kammam karonto na cirasseva arahattam patva
kosalaratthe vasati. Atha nam ajatasattu "maretha"ti purise anapesi. Te therassa santikam
gantva thita therena kathitam dhammakatham sutva sanjatasamvega pasannacitta hutva
pabbajimsu. Thero tesam:-
[608] "silamevidha sikkhetha asmim loke susikkhitam
silam hi sabbasampattim upanameti sevitam.
[609] Silam rakkheyya medhavi patthayano tayo sukhe
pasamsam vittilabhanca pecca sagge pamodanam.
@Footnote: 1 Si. paripantham, i. patipattim 2 Si. iddhibalena hatthinagam, i. iddhibalena
@saddhim hatthinagam
[610] Silava hi bahu mitte sannamenadhigacchati
dussilo pana mittehi dhamsate papamacaram.
[611] Avannanca akittinca dussilo labhate naro
vannam kittim pasamsanca sada labhati silava.
[612] Adi silam patittha ca kalyanananca matukam
pamukham sabbadhammanam tasma silam visodhaye.
[613] Vela ca samvaram silam cittassa abhihasanam
titthanca sabbabuddhanam tasma silam visodhaye.
[614] Silam balam appatimam silam avudhamuttamam 1-
silamabharanam settham silam kavacamabbhutam. 2-
[615] Silam setu mahesakkho silam gandho anuttaro
silam vilepanam settham yena vati disodisam.
[616] Silam sambalamevaggam silam patheyyamuttamam
silam settho ativaho yena yati disodisam.
[617] Idheva nindam labhati peccapaye ca dummano
sabbattha dummano balo silesu asamahito.
[618] Idheva kittim labhati pecca sagge ca summano
sabbattha sumano dhiro silesu susamahito.
[619] Silameva idha aggam pannava pana uttamo
manussesu ca devesu silapannanato jayanti
imahi gathahi dhammam desesi.
Tattha silamevidha sikkhetha, asmim loketi idhati nipatamattam, imasmim sattaloke
atthakamo kulaputto carittavarittadibhedam adito silameva sikkheyya, sikkhanto
@Footnote: 1 i. avudham uttamam 2 i. kavacam abbhutam
Ca nam susikkhitam akhandadibhavapadanena sutthu sikkhitam suparisuddham paripunnanca
katva sikkheyya. Asmim loketi va imasmim sankharaloke sikkhitabbadhammesu silam
adito sikkheyya. Ditthisampattiyapi silassa patitthabhavato aha "silam hi"tiadi.
Tattha hiti karanavacanam. Yasma silam sevitam paricitam rakkhitam manussasampatti dibba-
sampatti nibbanasamapattiti 1- etam sabbasampattim tamsamangino sattassa upanameti
avahati.
Silam sabbasampattim upanametiti sankhepato vuttamattham vittharato dassento
"silam rakkheyya"tiadimaha. Tattha rakkheyyati gopeyya. Panatipatadito hi
viramanto vattapativattanca purento patipakkhabhibhavanato tam rakkhati nama. Medhaviti
pannava, idam tassa rakkhanupayadassanam, nanabalena hissa samadanam avikopananca
hoti. Patthayanoti icchanto. Tayo sukheti tini sukhani. Sukhanimittam va "sukhan"ti
adhippetam. Pasamsanti kittim vinnuhi va pasamsanam. Vittilabhanti tutthilabham.
"vittalabhan"ti ca pathanti, dhanalabhanti attho. Silava hi appamattataya mahantam
bhogakkhandham adhigacchati. Peccati kalankatva. Sagge pamodananti devaloke itthehi
kamagunehi modananca patthayamanoti sambandho. Idhaloke pasamsam vittilabham paraloke dibba-
sampattiya modananca icchanto silam rakkheyyati yojana.
Sannamenati kayadinam 2- samyamena. Samyato hi kayaduccaritadihi kanci
avihethento abhayadanam dadanto piyamanapataya mittani ganthati. Dhamsateti apeti.
Papamacaranti panatipatadipapakammam karonto. Dussilam hi puggalam atthakama satta
na bhajanti, annadatthu parivajjenti.
Avannanti agunam sammukha garaham va. Akittinti ayasam 3- asilokam. Vannanti
gunam. Kittinti silokam patthatayasatam. Pasamsanti sammukha thomanam.
@Footnote: 1 Si.,i. manussasampatti devasampatti brahmasampatti nibbanasampattiti,
@Ma. manussasampattim dibbasampattim nibbanasampattinti
@2 i.,Ma. kayadihi 3 Si.,i. ayasakyam
Aditi mulam. Silam hi kusalanam dhammanam adi. Yathaha "tasmatiha tvam bhikkhu
adimeva visodhehi kusalesu dhammesu. Ko cadi kusalanam dhammanam, silanca
suvisuddhan"ti. 1- Patitthati adhitthanam. Silanhi sabbesam uttarimanussadhammanam
patittha. Tenaha "sile patitthaya"tiadi. 2- Kalyanananca matukanti samathavipassana-
dinam kalyanadhammanam matubhutam, janakanti attho. Pamukham sabbadhammananti sabbesam
pamojjadinam anavajjadhammanam pamukham mukhabhutam, pavattidvaranti attho. Tasmati
adibhavadito. Visodhayeti akkhandadibhavena sampadeyya.
Velati duccaritehi anatikkamaniyatthena vela, simati attho. Velayati va
dussilyam calayati 3- viddhamsetiti vela. Samvaram silam kayaduccaritadinam uppatti-
dvarassa pidahanato. Abhihasananti tosanam avippatisarahetutaya cittassabhippamodanato.
Titthanca sabbabuddhananti savakabuddha paccekabuddha sammasambuddhati sabbesam
buddhanam kilesamalappavahane 4- nibbanamahasamuddavagahane ca titthabhutanca.
Silam balam appatimanti marasenappamaddane asadisam balam senathamo ca. Avudha-
muttamanti sankilesadhammanam chedane uttamam paharanam. Gunasariropasobhanatthena abharanam.
Setthanti sabbakalam uttamam dabbanca. Sapanaparittanato 5- kavacamabbhutam. "abbhidan"ti
ca pathanti, abhejjanti attho.
Apayamahoghatikkamane samsaramahoghatikkamane ca kilesehi asamsidanatthena 6- setu.
Mahesakkhoti mahabbalo. Gandho anuttaroti pativatam sabbadisasu vayanato anuttaro
gandho sabbajanamanoharatta. Tenaha "yena vati disodisanti, yena silagandhena
tamsamangi disodisam sabba disa vayati. Disodisatipi pali, dasa disati 7- attho.
@Footnote: 1 sam.maha. 19/369/125 bhikkhusutta 2 sam.saga. 15/23,192/16,198
@jatasutta, (khu.netti. 10/197, khu.milinda. 11/33 (cha.Ma.)
@3 Si.,i. velayati dussilyam veleti 4 Si. kilesamalappahanamaha,
@i. kilesamalappavahanamaha,tena 5 Ma. uttamam. dubbacasarapata.....
@6 Si.,i. asamhiratthena 7 Si. dasapi disatipi
Sambalamevagganti sambalam nama putabhattam. Yatha putabhattam gahetva maggam
gacchanto puriso antaramagge jighacchadukkhena na kilamati, evam silasampannopi
suddham silasambalam gahetva samsarakantaram patipanno gatagatatthane na kilamatiti
silam aggam sambalam nama, tatha silam patheyyamuttamam coradihi asadharanatta tattha
tattha icchitabbasampattinipphadanato ca. Atikkamento tam tam thanam yathicchitatthanam
va vaheti sampapetiti ativaho, yanam. Kenaci anupaddutam hutva icchitatthanap-
pattihetutaya silam settham ativaho. Yenati yena ativahena yati disodisanti
agatim gatincapi tam tam disam sukheneva gacchati.
Idheva nindam labhatiti idhalokepi dummano ragadihi dusitacitto "dussilo papa-
dhammo"ti nindam garaham labhati. Pecca paralokepi apaye "purisattakali avajata"ti-
adina yamapurisadihi ca nindam labhati. Na kevalam nindameva labhati, athakho sabbattha
dummano balo idhaloke duccaritacaranena dusitacitto paraloke kammakaranadivasena
dukkhuppattiyati sabbattha balo dummano hoti. Katham? silesu asamahito samma
silesu na thapitacitto appatitthitacitto.
Idheva kittim labhatiti idhalokepi sumano "sappuriso silava kalyanadhammo"ti
kittim labhati. Pecca paralokepi sagge "ayam sappuriso silava kalyanadhammo. Tatha
hi devanam sahabyatam upapanno"tiadina kittim labhati. Na kevalam kittimeva labhati,
athakho dhiro dhitisampanno silesu sutthu samahito appitacitto supatitthitacitto
sabbattha idhaloke sucaritacaranena paraloke sampattipatilabhena sumano somanassappatto
hoti. Silameva idha agganti duvidham silam lokiyam lokuttaranti. Tattha lokiyam
tava kamaloke khattiyamahasaladisu devaloke brahmaloke ca upapattivisesam 1- avahati,
labhibhavadikassa ca karanam hoti. Lokuttaram pana sakalampi vattadukkham atikkametiti
silam aggameva. Tatha hi vuttam:-
@Footnote: 1 Si.,i. uppattivisesam
"hinena brahmacariyena khattiye upapajjati
majjhimena ca devattam uttamena visujjhati"ti. 1-
"akankheyya ce bhikkhave bhikkhu `labhi assam civarapindapatasenasanagilana-
paccayabhesajjaparikkharanan"ti 2- "sile svevassa paripurakari"ti 3- "ijjhati
bhikkhave silavato cetopanidhi visuddhatta"ti 4- ca.
Lokuttarasilassa pana sabbaso pahinapatipakkhassa sattamabhavato 5- patthaya samsara-
dukkham vinivattentassa aggabhave vattabbameva natthi. Pannava pana uttamoti
"pannava pana uggalo uttamo paramo setthoyeva"ti puggaladhitthanena pannaya
eva setthabhavam vadati. Idani silapannanam setthakabhavam kiccato dassento "sila-
pannanato jayan"ti aha. Jayanti ca lingavippallaso datthabbo, ahuti va
vacanaseso. Tattha pajananatthena pannanam, silato pannanato ca patipakkhajayo.
Na hi silena vina panna sambhavati, pannaya ca vina silam kiccakaram, annamannopakarakam
6- cetam. Vuttanhi "silaparidhota panna, pannaparidhotam silan"ti. 7- Manussesu
ca devesuti idam nesam thanavisesadassanam. Tattha hi tani savisesani vattanti,
samadhi panettha silapakkhiko pannaya adhitthanabhavato pannapakkhiko va
bhavetabbato siladhitthanato ca.
Evam thero tesam bhikkhunam silamukhena dhammam desento attano suvisuddhasiladi-
gunatadipanena annam byakasi.
Silavattheragathavannana nitthita.
@Footnote: 1 khu.ja. 27/1186/249 adittajataka (sya) 2 Ma.mu. 12/95/43 akankheyyasutta
@3 Ma.mu. 12/65/43 ankankheyyasutta
@4 di.pati. 11/337/228 sangitisutta, an.atthaka. 23/35/243 danupapattisutta
@5 Si.,i. sasatam sambhavato 6 i. annamannapakaranam 7 di.Si. 9/317/123 silapannakatha
The Pali Atthakatha in Roman Book 33 page 241-246.
http://84000.org/tipitaka/atthapali/read_rm.php?B=33&A=5543&modeTY=2
อรรถกถาบาลีอักษรไทย :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/atthapali/read_th.php?B=33&A=5543&modeTY=2
อ่านอรรถกถาแปลไทย :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/attha/attha.php?b=26&i=378
เนื้อความพระไตรปิฎกฉบับหลวง :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/r.php?B=26&A=7120
พระไตรปิฎกฉบับบาลีอักษรไทย :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/pali_read.php?B=26&A=7268
The Pali Tipitaka in Roman Character :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/roman_read.php?B=26&A=7268
Contents of The Tipitaka Volume 26
http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/?index_26
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