AtthaPali Vol.7

4. Bhayabheravasuttavaṇṇanā [34] Evamme sutanti bhayabheravasuttaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ anupubbapadavaṇṇanā:- athāti avicchedanatthe nipāto. Khoti avadhāraṇatthe, bhagavato sāvatthiyaṃ vihāre avicchinneyevāti vuttaṃ hoti. Jāṇussoṇīti netaṃ tassa mātāpitūhi katanāmaṃ, apica kho ṭhānantarapaṭilābhaladdhaṃ. Jāṇusasoṇiṭṭhānaṃ kiretaṃ purohitaṭṭhānaṃ, taṃ tassa raññā dinnaṃ, tasmā "jāṇussoṇī"ti vuccati. Brahmaṃ aṇatīti brāhmaṇo, mante sajjhāyatīti attho, idameva hi jātibrāhmaṇānaṃ niruttivacanaṃ. Ariyā pana bāhitapāpattā brāhmaṇāti vuccanti. Yena bhagavā tenūpasaṅkamīti yenāti bhummatthe karaṇavacanaṃ, tasmā yattha bhagavā, upasaṅkamīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Yena vā kāraṇena bhagavā devamanussehi upasaṅkamitabbo, tena kāraṇena upasaṅkamīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Kena ca kāraṇena bhagavā upasaṅkamitabboti? nānappakāraguṇavisesā- dhigamādhippāyena sāduphalūpabhogādhippāyena dijagaṇehi niccaphalitamahārukkho viya. Upasaṅkamīti ca gatoti vuttaṃ hoti. Upasaṅkamitvāti upasaṅkamanapariyosānadīpanaṃ. Athavā evaṃ gato tato āsannataraṃ ṭhānaṃ bhagavato samīpasaṅkhātaṃ gantvātipi vuttaṃ hoti. Bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodīti yathā khamanīyādīni pucchanto bhagavā tena, evaṃ sopi bhagavatā saddhiṃ samappavattamodo ahosi, sītodakaṃ viya uṇhodakena sammoditaṃ ekībhāvaṃ agamāsi. Yāya ca "kacci bhoto gotamassa khamanīyaṃ kacci yāpanīyaṃ kacci bhoto gotamassa gotamasāvakānaṃ ca appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāro"ti ādikāya kathāya sammodi, taṃ pītipāmojjasaṅkhātasammodajananato sammodituṃ yuttabhāvato ca sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ, atthabyañjanamadhuratāya sucirampi kālaṃ sāretuṃ nirantaraṃ pavattetuṃ araharūpato saritabbabhāvato ca sārāṇīyaṃ. Suyyamānasukhato ca sammodanīyaṃ, anussariyamānasukhato sārāṇīyaṃ. Tathā byañjanaparisuddhatāya sammodanīyaṃ, atthaparisuddhatāya sārāṇīyanti evaṃ Anekehi pariyāyehi sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sārāṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā pariyosāpetvā niṭṭhapetvā yenatthena āgato, taṃ pucchitukāmo ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantanti bhāvanapuṃsakaniddeso "visamaṃ candimasuriyā parivattantī"ti ādīsu ^1- viya. Tasmā yathā nisinno ekamante nisinno hoti, tathā nisīdīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Bhummatthe vā etaṃ upayogavacanaṃ. Nisīdīti upāvisi. Paṇḍitā hi purisā garuṭṭhānīyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā āsanakusalatāya ekamantaṃ nisīdanti, ayañca nesaṃ aññataro, tasmā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Kathampana nisinano ekamantaṃ nisinno hotīti. Cha nisajjadose vajjetvā. Seyyathīdaṃ, atidūramaccāsannaṃ uparivātamunnatappadesaṃ atisammukhamatipacchāti. Atidūre nisinno hi sace kathetukāmo hoti, uccāsaddena kathetabbaṃ hoti. Accāsanne nisinno saṅghaṭṭanaṃ karoti. Uparivāte nisinno sarīragandhena bādhati. Unnatappadese nisinno agāravaṃ pakāseti. Sammukhā ^2- nisinno sace daṭṭhukāmo hoti, cakkhunā cakkhuṃ āhacca daṭṭhabbaṃ hoti. Atipacchā nisinno sace daṭṭhukāmo hoti, gīvaṃ pasāretvā daṭṭhabbaṃ hoti. Tasmā ayaṃpi ete cha nisajjadose vajjetvā nisīdi, tena vuttaṃ "ekamantaṃ nisīdī"ti. Yemeti ye ime. Kulaputtāti duvidhā kulaputtā jātikulaputtā ācārakulaputtā ca. Tattha "tena kho pana samayena raṭṭhapālo nāma kulaputto tasmiṃyeva thullakoṭṭhite aggakulikassa ^3- putto hotī"ti ^4- evaṃ āgatā uccākulappasutā jātikulaputtā nāma. "ye te kulaputtā saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitā"ti ^5- evaṃ āgatā pana yattha katthaci kule pasutāpi ācārasampannā ācārakulaputtā nāma. Idha pana dvīhipi kāraṇehi kulaputtāyeva. Saddhāti saddhāya. Agārasmāti agārato. Anagāriyanti pabbajjaṃ bhikkhubhāvañca. Pabbajjāpi hi natthettha agāriyanti anagāriyā, agārassa hitaṃ kasigorakkhādikammaṃ ettha natthīti attho. Bhikkhupi natthetassa agāranti anagāro, @Footnote: ¹ aṅ. catukka. 21/70/85 adhammikasutta ² cha.Ma., i. atisammukhā @³ cha.Ma. aggakulassa ⁴ Ma.Ma. 13/294/269 raṭṭhapālasutta @⁵ Ma. upari. 14/78/58 gaṇakamoggallānasutta. Anagārassa bhāvo anagāriyaṃ. Pabbajitāti upagatā, evaṃ sabbathāpi anagāriyasaṅkhātaṃ pabbajjaṃ bhikkhubhāvañca upagatāti vuttaṃ hoti. Pubbaṅgamoti pūrato gāmī nāyako. Bahukāroti hitakiriyāya bahūpakāro. Bhavantesaṃ gotamo samādapetāti te kulaputte bhavaṃ gotamo adhisīlādīni gāhetā sikkhāpetā. Sā janatāti so janasamūho. Diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjīti dassanānugatiṃ paṭipajjati, yandiṭṭhiko bhavaṃ gotamo yaṃkhantiko yaṃruciko, tepi tandiṭṭhikā honti taṃkhantikā taṃrucikāti attho. Kasmā panāyaṃ evamāhāti, esa kira pubbe aneke kulaputte agāramajjhe vasante devaputte viya pañcahi kāmaguṇehi paricāriyamāne anto ca bahi ca susaṃvihitārakkhe disvā te aparena samayena bhagavato madhurasaddhammadesanaṃ ^1- sutvā saddhāya gharā nikkhamma pabbajitvā ghāsacchādanaparamatāya santuṭṭhe āraññakesu senāsanesu kenaci arakkhiyamānepi anusaṅkitaparisaṅkite haṭṭhapahaṭṭhe udaggūdagge addasa, disvā ca imesaṃ kulaputtānaṃ "ayaṃ phāsuvihāro kiṃ nissāya uppanno"ti cintento "samaṇaṃ gotaman"ti bhagavati pasādaṃ alattha. So taṃ pasādaṃ nivedetuṃ bhagavato santikaṃ āgato, tasmā evamāha. Athassa bhagavā taṃ vacanaṃ sampaṭicchanto abbhanumodanto ca evametaṃ brāhmaṇāti ādimāha. Vacanasampaṭichannānumodanatthoyeva hi ettha ayaṃ evanti nipāto. Mamaṃ uddissāti mamaṃ uddissa. Saddhāti saddhāyeva. Na iṇattā na bhayattāti ādīni sandhāyāha. Īdisānaṃyeva hi bhagavā pubbaṅgamo na itaresaṃ. Dūrabhisambhavāni hīti sambhavituṃ dukkhāni dussahāni, na sakkā appesakkhehi ajjhogāhitunti vuttaṃ hoti. Araññavanapatthānīti araññāni ca vanapatthāni ca. Tattha kiñcāpi abhidhamme nippariyāyena "nikkhamitvā bahi indakhīlā, sabbametaṃ araññan"ti ^2- vuttaṃ, tathāpi yantaṃ "pañcadhanusatikaṃ pacchiman"ti āraññikaṅganipphādakaṃ senāsanaṃ vuttaṃ, tadeva adhippetanti veditabbaṃ. Vanapatthanti gāmantaṃ atikkamitvā manussānaṃ anupacāraṭṭhānaṃ, yattha na kasiyyati na vapiyyati. Vuttañcetaṃ "vanapatthanti dūrānametaṃ senāsanānaṃ adhivacanaṃ, @Footnote: ¹ Sī. madhurarasaṃ dhammadesanaṃ, cha.Ma. madhurarasaṃ dhammadesanaṃ @² abhi. vibhaṅga. 35/529/302 jhānavibhaṅga Vanapatthanti vanasaṇḍānametaṃ senāsanānaṃ, vanapatthanti bhiṃsanakānametaṃ, vanapatthanti salomahaṃsānametaṃ, vanapatthanti pariyantānametaṃ, vanapatthanti na manussūpacārānametaṃ senāsanānaṃ adhivacanan"ti. ^1- Ettha ca pariyantānanti imamekaṃ pariyāyaṃ ṭhapetvā sesapariyāyehi vanapatthāni veditabbāni. Pantānīti pariyantāni atidūrāni. Dukkaraṃ pavivekanti kāyavivekaṃ dukkaraṃ. Dūrabhiramanti abhiramituṃ na sukhaṃ. Ekatteti ekībhāve. Kiṃ dasseti? kāyaviveke katepi tattha cittaṃ abhiramāpetuṃ dukkaraṃ. Dvayadvayārāmo ^2- hi ayaṃ lokoti. Haranti maññeti haranti viya ghaṅsanti ^3- viya. Manoti manaṃ. Samādhiṃ alabhamānassāti upacārasamādhiṃ vā appanāsamādhiṃ vā alabhantassa. Kiṃ dasseti? īdisassa bhikkhuno tiṇapaṇṇamigādisaddehi vividhehi ca bhiṃsanakehi vanāni cittaṃ vikkhipanti maññeti, sabbaṃ brāhmaṇo saddhāpabbajitānaṃ kulaputtānaṃ araññavāsena ^4- vimhito āha. Kāyakammantavārakathā [35] Athassa bhagavā purimanayeneva "evametaṃ brāhmaṇā"ti ādīhi taṃ taṃ vacanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā abbhanumoditvā ca yasmā soḷasasu ṭhānesu ārammaṇapariggahitānaṃyeva ^5- tādisāni senāsanāni dūrabhisambhavāni. Na tesu ārammaṇapariggahayuttānaṃ, attanā ca bodhisatto samāno tādiso ahosi, tasmā attano tādisānaṃ senāsanānaṃ dūrabhisambhavataṃ dassetuṃ mayhampi khoti ādimāha. Tattha pubbeva sambodhāti sambodhato pubbeva, ariyamagguppattito aparabhāgeyevāti vuttaṃ hoti. Anabhisambuddhassāti appaṭividdhacatusaccassa. Bodhisattasseva satoti bujjhanakasattasseva sammāsambodhiṃ adhigantuṃ arahasattasseva sato, bodhiyā vā sattasseva laggasseva sato. Dīpaṅkarassa hi bhagavato pādamūle aṭṭhadhammasamodhānena abhinīhārasamiddhito pabhūti tathāgato bodhisatto ^6- laggo ^6- "pattabbā mayā esā"ti vā tadadhigamāya parakkamaṃ amuñcantoyeva āgato, tasmā @Footnote: ¹ abhi. vibhaṅga. 35/531/303 jhānavibhaṅga ² cha.Ma. dvayaṃdvayārāmo ³ cha.Ma. ghasanti @⁴ cha.Ma. araññavāse ⁵ cha.Ma. ārammaṇapariggaharahitānaṃyeva ^6-6 cha.Ma. @bodhiyā satto laggo Bodhisattoti vuccati. Tassa mayhanti tassa evaṃ bodhisattasseva sato mayhaṃ. Ye kho keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vāti ye keci pabbajjūpagatā vā bhovādino vā. Aparisuddhakāyakammantāti aparisuddhena pāṇātipātādinā kāyakammantena samannāgatā. Aparisuddhakāyakammantasandosahetūti aparisuddhakāyakammantasaṅkhātassa attano dosassa hetu aparisuddhakāyakammantakāraṇāti vuttaṃ hoti. Haveti ekaṃsavacane nipāto. Akusalanti sāvajjaṃ akkhemañca. Bhayabheravanti bhayañca bheravañca. Cittutrāsassa ca bhayānakārammaṇassa cetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Tatra bhayaṃ sāvajjaṭṭhena akusalaṃ, bheravaṃ akkhemaṭṭhenāti veditabbaṃ. Avhāyantīti pakkosanti. Kathaṃ? te hi pāṇātipātādīni katvā "mayaṃ ayuttamakarimhā, sace no te jāneyyuṃ, yesaṃ aparajjhimhā, idāni anubandhitvā anayabyasanaṃ āpādeyyun"ti araññaṃ pavisitvā gacchantare vā gumbantare vā nisīdanti. Te "appamattakampi tiṇasaddaṃ vā paṇṇasaddaṃ vā sutvā idānimhā naṭṭhā"ti tasanti vitasanti, āgantvā parehi parivāritā viya bandhā vadhitā viya ca honti. Evantaṃ bhayabheravaṃ attani samāropanaṭṭhena avhāyanti pakkosanti. Na kho panāhaṃ .pe. Paṭisevāmīti ahaṃ kho aparisuddhakāyakammanto hutvā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni nappaṭisevāmi. Ye hi voti ettha voti nipātamattaṃ. Ariyā vuccanti buddhā ca buddhasāvakā ca. Parisuddhakāyakammantāti īdisā hutvā. Ahaṃ tesaṃ aññataroti tesaṃ ahampi eko aññataro. Bodhisatto hi gahaṭṭhopi pabbajitopi parisuddhakāyakammantova hoti. Bhiyyoti atirekatthe nipāto. Pallomanti pannalomataṃ, khemaṃ sotthibhāvanti attho. Āpādinti āpajjiṃ, atirekaṃ sotthibhāvaṃ atirekena vā sotthibhāvamāpajjinti vuttaṃ hoti. Araññe vihārāyāti araññe vihāratthāya. Kāyakammantavārakathā niṭṭhitā Vacīkammantavārādivaṇṇanā [36] Esa nayo sabbattha. Ayampana viseso, vacīkammantavāre tāva aparisuddhavacīkammantāti aparisuddhena musāvādādinā vacīkammantena samannāgatā. Te kathaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti? te musāvādena parassa atthaṃ bhañjitvā Pisuṇavācāya mittabhedaṃ katvā pharusavācāya paresaṃ parisamajjhe mammāni tuditvā ^1- niratthakavācāya parasattānaṃ ^2- kammante nāsetvā "mayaṃ ayuttamakarimhā, sace no te jāneyyuṃ, yesaṃ aparajjhimhā, idāni anubandhitvā anayabyasanaṃ pāpuṇeyyun"ti araññaṃ pavisitvā gacchantare vā gumbantare vā nisīdanti. Te "appamattakampi tiṇasaddaṃ vā paṇṇasaddaṃ vā sutvā idānimhā naṭṭhā"ti tasanti vitasanti, āgantvā parehi parivāritā viya bandhā vadhitā viya ca honti. Evantaṃ bhayabheravaṃ attani samāropanaṭṭhena avhayanti pakkosanti. Manokammantavāre aparisuddhamanokammantāti aparisuddhena abhijjhādinā manokammantena samannāgatā. Te kathaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhayanti? te paresaṃ rakkhitagopitesu bhaṇḍesu abhijjhāvisamalobhaṃ uppādetvā parassa kujjhitvā parasatte ^3- micchādassanaṃ gāhāpetvā mayaṃ ayuttamakarimhā .pe. Attani samāropanaṭṭhena avhayanti pakkosanti. Ājīvavāre aparisuddhājīvāti aparisuddhena vejjakammadūtakammavaḍḍhipayogādinā ekavīsatianesanābhedena ājīvena samannāgatā. Te kathaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhayanti? te evaṃ jīvikaṃ kappetvā suṇanti "sāsanasodhakā kira tepiṭakā bhikkhū sāsanaṃ sodhetuṃ nikkhantā, ajja vā sve vā idhāgamissantī"ti araññaṃ pavisitvā gacchantare vā .pe. Tasanti vitasanti. Tehi ^4- āgantvā parivāretvā gahitā viya odātavatthanivāsitā viya ca hontīti. Sesaṃ tādisameva. [37] Ito paraṃ abhijjhālūti ādīsu kiñcāpi abhijjhābyāpādā manokammanta- saṅgahitā, tathāpi nīvaraṇavasena puna vuttāti veditabbā. Tattha abhijjhālūti @Footnote: ¹ Sī. mammāni bhinditvā tuditvā ² Ma. i. paraputtānaṃ ³ Ma. i. paraputte @⁴ cha.Ma. te hi Parabhaṇḍāni abhijjhāyanasīlā. Kāmesu tibbasārāgāti vatthukāmesu bahalakilesarāgā. Te kathaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhayanti? te avavatthitārammaṇā honti, tesaṃ avavatthitārammaṇānaṃ Araññe viharantānaṃ divā diṭṭhaṃ rattiṃ bhayabheravaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti "te akusalacittā appamattakenapi tasanti vitasanti, rajjuṃ vā lataṃ vā disvā sappasaññino honti, khāṇuṃ disvā yakkhasaññino, thalaṃ vā pabbataṃ vā disvā hatthisaññino sappādīhi anayabyasanaṃ āpāditā viya hontī"ti. Sesaṃ tādisameva. [38] Byāpannacittāti pakatibhāvavijahanena vipannacittā. Kilesānugatañhi cittaṃ pakatibhāvaṃ vijahati, purāṇabhattabyañjanaṃ viya pūtikaṃ hoti. Paduṭṭhamanasaṅkappāti paduṭṭhacittasaṅkappā, abhaddakena paresaṃ anatthajanakena cittasaṅkappena samannāgatāti vuttaṃ hoti. Te kathaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti? bhayabheravāvhāyanaṃ ito pabhūti abhijjhāluvāre vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Yattha pana viseso bhavissati, tattha pavakkhāma. Na kho panāhaṃ byāpannacittoti ettha pana mettacitto ahaṃ hitacittoti dasseti, īdisā hi bodhisattā honti. Evaṃ sabbattha vuttadosapaṭipakkhavasena bodhisattaguṇā vaṇṇetabbā. [39] Thīnamiddhapariyuṭṭhitāti cittagelaññabhūtena thīnena sesanāmakāyagelaññabhūtena middhena ca pariyuṭṭhitā, abhibhūtā gahitāti vuttaṃ hoti. Te niddābahulā honti. [40] Uddhatāti uddhaccapakatikā vipphandamānacittā, uddhaccena hi ekārammaṇe cittaṃ vipphandati dhajayaṭṭhiyaṃ vātena paṭākā viya. Avūpasantacittāti anibbutacittā, idha kukkuccaṃ gahetuṃ vaṭṭati. [41] Kaṅkhī vicikicchīti ettha ekamevidaṃ pañcamaṃ nīvaraṇaṃ. Kinnukho idanti ārammaṇaṃ kaṅkhanato kaṅkhā, idamevidanti nicchetuṃ asasatthabhāvato vicikicchāti vuccati, tena samannāgatā samaṇabrāhmaṇā "kaṅkhī vicikicchī"ti vuttā. [42] Attukkaṃsakā paravambhīti ye attānaṃ ukkaṃsanti ukkhipanti, ucce ṭhāne ṭhapenti, parañca vambhenti garahanti nindanti, nīce ṭhāne ṭhapenti, tesametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Te kathaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti? te parehi "asuko ca kira Asuko ca attānaṃ ukkaṃsanti, amhe garahanti, dāse viya karonti, gaṇhatha ne"ti anubandhā palāyitvā araññaṃ pavisitvā gacchantare vāti kāyakammantasadisaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ. [43] Chambhīti kāyachambhanalomahaṃsanakarena chambhena samannāgatā. Bhīrukajātikāti bhīrukapakatikā, gāmadārakā viya bhayabahulā asurakatarāti ^1- vuttaṃ hoti. [44] Lābhasakkāsilokoti ettha labbhatīti lābho, catunnaṃ paccayānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Sakkāroti sundarasakkāro, paccayā eva hi paṇītapaṇītā sundarasundarā ca abhisaṅkharitvā katā sakkārāti vuccanti. Yā ca parehi attano gāravakiriyā pupphādīhi vā pūjā. Silokoti vaṇṇabhaṇanaṃ etaṃ, lābhañca sakkārañca silokañca lābhasakkārasilokaṃ. Nikāmayamānāti patthayamānā. Bhayabheravāvhāyanaṃ abhijjhāluvārasadisameva. Tadatthadīpakaṃ panettha piyagāmikavatthuṃ kathenti:- eko kira piyagāmiko nāma bhikkhu samādinnadhutaṅgānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ lābhaṃ disvā "ahampi dhutaṅgaṃ samādayitvā lābhaṃ uppādemī"ti cintetvā sosānikaṅgaṃ samādāya susāne vasati. Athekadivasaṃ eko kammamutto jaragavo divā gocare caritvā rattiṃ tasmiṃ susāne pupphagumbe sīsaṃ katvā romatthamāno ^2- aṭṭhāsi. Piyagāmiko rattiṃ caṅkamanā nikkhanto tassa hanusaddaṃ sutvā cintesi "addhā maṃ lābhagiddho esa susāne vasatīti ñatvā devarājā viheṭhetumāgato"ti, so jaragavassa pūrato añjaliṃ paggahetvā "sappurisa devarāja ajja me ekarattiṃ khama, sve paṭṭhāya na evaṃ karissāmī"ti namassamāno sabbarattiṃ yācanto aṭṭhāsi. Tato suriye uṭṭhite taṃ disvā katarayaṭṭhiyā paharitvā palāpesi "sabbarattiṃ maṃ bhiṃsāpesī"ti. [45] Kusītāti kosajjānugatā. Hīnaviriyāti hīnā viriyena rahitā viyuttā nīviriyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha kusītā kāyikaviriyārambhavirahitā honti, hīnaviriyā @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. asurā kātarāti ² cha.Ma., i. romanthayamāno Cetasikaviriyārambhavirahitā. Te ārammaṇavavatthānamattaṃpi kātuṃ na sakkonti. Tesaṃ avavatthitārammaṇānanti sabbaṃ pubbasadisameva. [46] Muṭṭhassatīti vissaṭṭhasatī. ^1- Asampajānāti paññāvirahitā, imassa ca paṭipakkhe "upaṭṭhitasatīhamasmī"ti vacanato satibhājanīyamevetaṃ. Paññā panettha satidubbaladīpanatthaṃ vuttā. Duvidhā hi sati paññāsampayuttā paññāvippayuttā ca. Tattha paññāsampayuttā balavatī, vippayuttā dubbalā, tasmā yadāpi tesaṃ sati hoti, tadāpi asampajānattā muṭṭhassatīyeva te, dubbalāya satiyā satikiccābhāvatoti etamatthaṃ dīpetuṃ "asampajānā"ti vuttaṃ. Te evaṃ muṭṭhassatī asampajānā ārammaṇavavatthānamattaṃpi kātuṃ na sakkontīti sabbaṃ pubbasadisameva. [47] Asamāhitāti upacārappanāsamādhivirahitā. Vibbhantacittāti ubbhantacittā. Samādhivirahena laddhokāsena uddhaccena tesaṃ samādhivirahā cittaṃ nānārammaṇesu paribbhamati, vanamakkaṭo viya vanasākhāsu uddhaccena ekārammaṇepi vipphandati. Pubbe vuttanayena evaṃ te asamāhitāvibbhantacittā ārammaṇavavatthānamattaṃpi kātuṃ na sakkontīti sabbaṃ pubbasadisameva. [48] Duppaññāti nippaññānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Paññā pana duṭṭhā nāma natthi. Elamūgāti elamukhā, khakārassa gakāro kato. Lālāmukhāti vuttaṃ hoti. Duppaññānañhi kathentānaṃ lālā mukhato galati, lālā ca elāti vuccati. Yathāha "passelamūgaṃ uragaṃ dvijivhan"ti. Tasmā te "elamūgā"ti vuccanti. "elamukhā"tipi pāṭho. "elamukā"tipi keci paṭhanti, apare "elamukā"tipi, sabbattha "elamukhā"ti attho. Te kathaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti? te duppaññā elamūgā ārammaṇavavatthānamattaṃpi kātuṃ na sakkonti. Tesaṃ avavatthitārammaṇānaṃ araññe viharantānaṃ divā diṭṭhaṃ rattiṃ bhayabheravaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti "te ākulacittā appamattakenapi tasanti vitasanti, rajjuṃ vā lataṃ vā disvā sappasaññino honti, khāṇuṃ disvā yakkhasaññino, thalaṃ vā pabbataṃ vā disvā hatthisaññino @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma., i. naṭṭhassatī Sappādīhi anayabyasanaṃ āpāditā viya honti. Evaṃ taṃ bhayabheravaṃ attani samāropanaṭṭhena avhāyanti pakkosanti. Paññāsampannohamasmīti ettha paññāya sampanno samannāgato, no ca kho vipassanāpaññāya, na maggapaññāya, apica kho pana imesu soḷasasu ṭhānesu ārammaṇavavatthānapaññāyāti attho. Sesaṃ sabbattha vuttanayamevāti. Soḷasaṭṭhānārammaṇapariggaho niṭṭhito. ------------ Bhayabheravasenāsanādivaṇṇanā [49] Tassa mayhanti ko anusandhi? bodhisatto kira imāni soḷasārammaṇāni pariggaṇhanto ca ^1- bhayabheravaṃ adisvā bhayabheravannāma evarūpāsu rattīsu evarūpe senāsane ca paññāyati, handa naṃ tatthāpi gavesāmīti ^2- bhayabheravagavesanaṃ akāsi, etamatthaṃ bhagavā idāni brāhmaṇassa dassento tassa mayhanti ādimāha. Tattha yā tāti ubhayametaṃ rattīnaṃyeva uddesavacanaṃ. ^3- Abhiññātāti ettha abhīti lakkhaṇatthe upasaggo. Tasmā abhiññātāti candapāripūriyā candaparikkhayenāti evamādīhi lakkhaṇehi ñātāti veditabbā. Abhilakkhitāti ettha upasaggamattameva, tasmā abhilakkhitā ^4- lakkhaṇīyā icceva attho, uposathasamādānadhammassavanapūjā- sakkārādikaraṇatthaṃ lakkhetabbā sallakkhetabbā upalakkhetabbāti vuttaṃ hoti. Cātuddasīti pakkhassa paṭhamadivasato pabhūti ^5- catuddasannaṃ pūraṇī ekā ratti. Evaṃ pañcaddasī aṭṭhamī ca. Pakkhassāti sukkapakkhassa kaṇhapakkhassa ca. Etā tisso tisso katvā cha rattiyo, tasmā sabbattha pakkhavacanaṃ yojetabbaṃ "pakkhassa cātuddasī pakkhassa pañcaddasī pakkhassa aṭṭhamī"ti. Atha pañcamī kasmā @Footnote: ¹ i. ca saddo na dissati ² cha.Ma. gavesissāmīti ³ cha.Ma., i. @uddesaniddesavacanaṃ ⁴ cha.Ma. abhilakkhitāti ⁵ cha.Ma., i. pabhuti evamuparipi Na gahitāti asabbakālikattā. Pubbe kira bhagavati anuppannepi uppajjitvā aparinibbutepi pañcamī anabhilakkhitāyeva, parinibbute pana dhammasaṅgāhakā therā ^1- cintesuṃ "dhammassavanaṃ cirena hotī"ti. Tato sammannitvā pañcamīti dhammassavanadivasaṃ ṭhapesuṃ, tato pabhūti sā abhilakkhitā jātā, evaṃ asabbakālikattā ettha na gahitāti. Tathārūpāsūti tathāvidhāsu. Ārāmacetiyānīti pupphārāmaphalārāmādayo ārāmā eva ārāmacetiyāni. Cittikataṭṭhāne hi te cetiyānīti vuccanti, pūjanīyaṭṭhenāti vuttaṃ hoti. Vanacetiyānīti baliharaṇavanasaṇḍasubhagavanadevasālavanādīni vanāniyeva vanacetiyāni. Rukkhacetiyānīti gāmanigamādidvāresu pūjanīyarukkhāyeva rukkhacetiyāni. Lokiyā hi dibbādhivuṭṭhāti vā maññamānā tesuyeva vā dibbasaññino hutvā ārāmavanarukkhe cittiṃ karonti pūjenti, tena te sabbepi cetiyānīti vuccanti. Bhiṃsanakānīti bhayajanakāni, passatopi suṇatopi bhayaṃ janenti. Salomahaṃsānīti saheva lomahaṃsena vattanti pavisamānasseva lomahaṃsajananato. Appeva nāma passeyyanti api nāma taṃ bhayabheravaṃ passeyyameva. Aparena samayenāti "etadahosi yannūnāhan"ti evaṃ cintitakālato paṭṭhāya aññena kālena. Tattha ca me brāhmaṇa viharatoti tathārūpesu senāsanesu yaṃ yaṃ manussānaṃ āyācanūpahārakaraṇārahaṃ yakkhaṭṭhānaṃ pupphadhūpamaṃsaruhiravasāmedapihakapapphāsasurāmerayādīhi okiṇṇakilinnadharaṇitalaṃ ekanipātaṃ viya yakkharakkhasapisācānaṃ, yaṃ divāpi passantānaṃ hadayaṃ maññe phalati, taṇṭhānaṃ sandhāyāha "tattha ca me brāhmaṇa viharato"ti. Migo ^2- vā āgacchatīti siṅgāni vā khurāni vā koṭṭento gokaṇṇakhaggadīpivarāhādibhedo migo vā āgacchati, sabbacatuppadānañhi idha migoti nāmaṃ. Katthaci pana kāṇasiṅgālopi ^3- vuccati. Yathāha:- "usabhasseva te khandho sīhasseva vijambhati ^4- migarāja namo tayatthu api kiñci labhāmase"ti ^5- @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma., i. dhammasaṅgāhakattherā ² cha.Ma., i. mago ³ cha.Ma. kāḷasiṅagālopi @⁴ cha.Ma. pāli. vijambhitaṃ ⁵ khu.jā.tika. 27/484/123 antajātaka Moro vā kaṭṭhaṃ pātetīti moro vā sukkhakaṭṭhaṃ rukkhato cāletvā pāteti. Moragahaṇena ca idha sabbapakkhigahaṇaṃ adhippetaṃ, tena yo koci pakkhīti vuttaṃ hoti. Athavā moro vāti vāsaddena añño vā koci pakkhīti. Esa nayo purime migagahaṇepi, vāto vā paṇṇakasaṭaṃ eretīti vāto vā paṇṇakacavaraṃ ghaṭṭeti. Etaṃ nūna taṃ bhayabheravaṃ āgacchatīti yaṃ etaṃ āgacchati, taṃ bhayabheravaṃ nūna ^1- ito pabhūti ca ārammaṇameva bhayabheravanti veditabbaṃ. Parittassa ca adhimattassa ca bhayassa ārammaṇattā sukhārammaṇaṃ rūpaṃ sukhamiva. Kinnu kho ahaṃ aññadatthu bhayapāṭikaṅkhī viharāmīti ahaṃ kho kiṃ kāraṇaṃ ekaṃseneva bhayaṃ ākaṅkhamāno icchamāno hutvā viharāmi, yathābhūtassa ^2- yathābhūtassāti yena yena iriyāpathena bhūtassa bhavitassa sato vattamānassa samaṅgībhūtassa vā. Meti mama santike. Tathābhūto tathābhūto vāti tena teneva iriyāpathena bhūto bhavito santo vattamāno samaṅgībhūto vāti attho. So kho ahaṃ .pe. Paṭivinemīti bodhisattassa kira caṅkamantassa tasmiṃ migasiṅgakhurasaddādibhede bhayabheravārammaṇe āgate neva mahāsatto tiṭṭhati, na nisīdati na sayati, athakho caṅkamantova parivīmaṃsanto parivicinanto bhayabheravaṃ na passati, migasiṅgakhurasaddādimattameva taṃ hoti, so taṃ ñatvā idaṃ nāmetaṃ, na bhayabhevaranti tato tiṭṭhati vā nisīdati vā sayati vā. Etamatthaṃ dassento "so kho ahan"ti ādimāha. Esa nayo sabbapeyyālesu. Ito parañca iriyāpathapaṭipāṭiyā avatvā āsannapaṭipāṭiyā iriyāpathā vuttāti veditabbā, caṅkamantassa hi bhayabherave āgate na ṭhito na nisinno na nipanno ṭhitassāpi āgate na caṅkamāmīti evaṃ tassa tassa āsannapaṭipāṭiyā vuttāti. Asammohavihāravaṇṇanā [50] Evaṃ bhiṃsanakesupi ṭhānesu attano bhayabheravābhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni jhāyīnaṃ sammohaṭṭhānesu attano asammohavihāraṃ dassetuṃ santi kho pana brāhmaṇāti ādimāha. @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. nūnāti ² cha.Ma., i. yathābhūtaṃ Tattha santīti atthi saṃvijjanti upalabbhanti. Rattiṃyeva samānanti rattiṃyeva santaṃ. Divāti sañjānantīti "divaso ayan"ti sañjānanti. Divāyeva samānanti divasaṃyeva santaṃ. Rattīti sañjānantīti "ratti ayan"ti sañjānanti. Kasmā panete evaṃ saññino hontīti. Vuṭṭhānakosallābhāvato vā sakuṇarutato vā. Kathaṃ? idhekacco odātakasiṇalābhī divā parikammaṃ katvā divā samāpanno divāyeva Vuṭṭhahāmīti manasikāraṃ uppādeti, no ca kho addhānaparicchede kusalo hoti. So divasaṃ atikkamitvā rattibhāge vuṭṭhāti. Odātakasiṇapharaṇavasena cassa visadaṃ hoti vibhūtaṃ suvibhūtaṃ. So divā vuṭṭhahāmīti uppāditamanasikāratāya odātakasiṇapharaṇavisadavibhūtatāya ca rattiṃyeva samānaṃ divāti sañjānāti. Idha panekacco nīlakasiṇalābhī rattiṃ parikammaṃ katvā rattiṃ samāpanno rattiṃyeva vuṭṭhahāmīti manasikāraṃ uppādeti, no ca kho addhānaparicchede kusalo hoti. So rattiṃ atikkamitvā divasabhāge vuṭṭhāti. Nīlakasiṇapharaṇavasena cassa avisadaṃ hoti avibhūtaṃ. So rattiṃ vuṭṭhahāmīti uppāditamanasikāratāya nīlakasiṇapharaṇāvisadāvibhūtatāya ca divāyeva samānaṃ rattīti sañjānāti. Evaṃ tāva vuṭṭhānakosallābhāvato evaṃ saññino honti. Sakuṇarutato pana idhekacco anto senāsane nisinno hoti. Atha divā ravanakasakuṇakākādayo candālokena divāti maññamānā rattiṃ ravanti aññehi vā kāraṇehi. So tesaṃ saddaṃ sutvā rattiṃyeva samānaṃ divāti sañjānāti. Idha panekacco pabbatantare gambhīrāya ghanavanapaṭicchannāya giriguhāya sattāhavaddalikāya vattamānāya antarahitasuriyāloke kāle nisinno hoti. Atha rattiṃ ravanakasakuṇaulūkādayo majjhantikasamayepi tattha tattha samandhakāre nisinnā rattisaññāya vā aññehi vā kāraṇehi ravanti. So tesaṃ saddaṃ sutvā divāyeva samānaṃ rattīti sañjānāti. Evaṃ sakuṇarutato evaṃsaññino hontīti. Idamahanti idaṃ ahaṃ evaṃ sañjānanaṃ. Sammohavihārasmiṃ vadāmīti sammohavihārapariyāpannaṃ antogadhaṃ, sammohavihāraññataraṃ vadāmīti vuttaṃ hoti. Ahaṃ kho pana brāhmaṇa .pe. Sañjānāmīti pākaṭo bodhisattassa rattindivaparicchedo. Sattāhavaddalikakālepi candimasuriyesu adissamānesupi jānātiyeva "ettakaṃ pūrebhattakālo gato, ettakaṃ pacchābhattakālo, ettakaṃ paṭhamayāmo, ettakaṃ majjhimayāmoti, tasmā evamāha. Anacchariyaṃ cetaṃ, yaṃ pūritapāramī bodhisatto evaṃ jānāti. Padesaññāṇe ṭhitānaṃ sāvakānaṃpi rattindivaparicchedo pākaṭo hoti. Kalyāṇimahāvihāre ^1- kira godattatthero dvaṅgulakāle bhattaṃ gahetvā dvaṅgulakāle bhuñjati. Suriye adissamānepi pātoyeva senāsanaṃ pavisitvā tāya velāya nikkhamati. Ekadivasaṃ ārāmikā "sve therassa nikkhamanakāle passāmā"ti bhattaṃ sampādetvā kālatthambhamūle nisīdiṃsu. Thero dvaṅgulakāleyeva nikkhamati. ^2- Tato pabhūti kira suriye adissamānepi therassa nikkhamanasaññāya eva bheriṃ ākoṭenti. Dhajāgaravihārepi ^3- kālidevatthero ^4- antovasse yāmagaṇḍikaṃ paharati, āciṇṇametaṃ therassa. Na ca yāmayantanāḷikaṃ payojeti, aññe bhikkhū payojenti. Atha nikkhante paṭhame yāme there muggaraṃ gahetvā ṭhitamatteyeva ekadveāraṃ ^5- paharanteyeva vā yāmayantaṃ patati, evaṃ tīsu yāmesu samaṇadhammaṃ katvā thero pātoyeva gāmaṃ pavisitvā piṇḍapātaṃ ādāya vihāraṃ āgantvā bhojanavelāya ^6- pattaṃ gahetvā divāvihāraṭṭhānaṃ gantvā samaṇadhammaṃ karoti. Bhikkhū kālatthambhaṃ disvā therassa āgamanaṭṭhāya pesenti. So bhikkhu theraṃ divā vihāraṭṭhānā nikkhamantameva vā antarā magge vā passati. Evaṃ padesaññāṇe ṭhitānaṃ sāvakānaṃpi rattindivaparicchedo pākaṭo hoti, kimaṅgampana bodhisattānanti. Yaṃ kho taṃ .pe. Vadeyyāti ettha pana "yaṃ kho taṃ brāhmaṇa asammohadhammo satto loke uppanno .pe. Sukhāya devamanussānan"ti vacanaṃ vadamāno koci sammāvadeyya sammāvadamāno siyā, na vitathavādī assa. Mameva taṃ vacanaṃ vadamāno sammāvadeyya sammāvadamāno siyā, na vitathavādī assāti evaṃ padasambandho veditabbo. @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. kalyāṇiyamahāvihāre ² Sī. nikkhami ³ katthaci:- vajagaragirivihāre @cha.Ma. ajagaravihārepi ⁴ katthaci:- kāladevatthero cha.Ma. kāḷadevatthero @⁵ cha.Ma. ekaṃ dve vāre ⁶ Sī. bhojanasālāya Tattha asammohadhammoti asammohasabhāvo. Loketi manussaloke. Bahujanahitāyāti bahujanassa hitatthāya, paññāsampattiyā diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikahitūpadesakoti. Bahujanasukhāyāti bahujanassa sukhatthāya, cāgasampattiyā upakaraṇasukhasampattidāyakoti. ^1- Lokānukampāyāti lokassa anukampatthāya, mettākaruṇāsampattiyā mātāpitaro viya lokassa rakkhitā gopāyitāti. ^2- Atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānanti idha devamanussagahaṇena ca bhabbapuggalaveneyyasatteyeva gahetvā tesaṃ nibbānamagga- phalādhigamāya attano uppattiṃ dassetīti veditabbo, atthāyāti hi vutte paramatthatthāya nibbānāyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Hitāyāti vutte taṃsampāpakamaggatthāyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Nibbānasampāpakamaggato hi uttariṃ hitaṃ nāma natthi. Sukhāyāti vutte phalasamāpatti sukhatthāyāti vuttaṃ hoti, tato uttariṃ sukhābhāvato. Vuttaṃ cetaṃ "ayaṃ samādhi paccuppannasukho ceva āyatiñca sukhavipāko"ti. ^3- Pubbabhāgapaṭipadādivaṇṇanā [51] Evaṃ bhagavā buddhaguṇapaṭilābhāvasānaṃ attano asammohavihāraṃ brāhmaṇassa dassetvā idāni yāya paṭipadāya taṃ koṭippattaṃ asammohavihāraṃ adhigato, taṃ pubbabhāgato pabhūti dassetuṃ āraddhaṃ kho pana me brāhmaṇāti ādimāha. Keci panāhu "imaṃ asammohavihāraṃ sutvā brāhmaṇassa cittamevaṃ uppannaṃ hoti `kāya nu kho paṭipadāya imaṃ patto'ti, tassa cittamaññāya imāyāhaṃ paṭipadāya imaṃ uttamaṃ asammohavihāraṃ pattoti dassento evamāhā"ti. Tattha āraddhaṃ kho pana me brāhmaṇa viriyaṃ ahosīti brāhmaṇa na mayā ayaṃ uttamo asammohavihāro kusitena muṭṭhassatinā sāraddhakāyena vikkhittacittena vā adhigato, apica kho tadadhigamāya āraddhaṃ kho pana me viriyaṃ @Footnote: ¹ Sī. upakaraṇasukhasampadāyakoti, cha.Ma. upakaraṇasukhassa dāyakoti ² Ma. gopāpayitāti. @cha.Ma. gopayitāti ³ dī. pāṭi. 11/355/249 dasuttarasutta, aṅ. pañcaka. @22/27/25 (syā), abhi. vi. 35/804/407- ñāṇavibhaṅga. Ahosi, bodhimaṇḍe nisinnena mayā caturaṅgaviriyaṃ āraddhaṃ ahosi, paggahitaṃ asithilappavattitanti vuttaṃ hoti. Āraddhattāyeva ca me taṃ asallīnaṃ ahosi. Upaṭṭhitā sati appamuṭṭhāti na kevalañca viriyameva satipi me ārammaṇābhimukhībhāvena upaṭṭhitā ahosi. Upaṭṭhitattāyeva ca appamuṭṭhā. Passaddho kāyoti kāyacittapassaddhisambhavena kāyopi me passaddho ahosi. Tattha yasmā nāmakāye passaddhe rūpakāyopi passaddhoyeva hoti, tasmā nāmakāyo rūpakāyoti avisesetvāva passaddho kāyoti vuttaṃ. Asāraddhoti so ca kho passaddhattāyeva asāraddho, vigatadarathoti vuttaṃ hoti. Samāhitaṃ cittaṃ ekagganti cittaṃpi me sammā āhitaṃ suṭṭhu ṭhapitaṃ viya ^1- ahosi, samāhitattā eva ca ekaggaṃ acalaṃ nipphandananti, ettāvatā jhānassa pubbabhāgapaṭipadā kathitā hoti. Idāni imāya paṭipadāya adhigataṃ paṭhamajhānaṃ ādiṃ katvā vijjāttayapariyosānaṃ visesaṃ dassenato so kho ahantiādimāha. Tattha vivicceva kāmehi .p. Catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihāsinti ettha tāva yaṃ vattabbaṃ siyā, taṃ sabbaṃ visuddhimagge paṭhavīkasiṇakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ. Kevalañhi tattha "upasampajja viharatī"ti āgataṃ, idha "vihāsin"ti, ayameva viseso. Kiṃ katvā pana bhagavā imāni jhānāni upasampajja vihāsīti, kammaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvetvā. Kataraṃ? ānāpānassatikammaṭṭhānaṃ. Imāni ca pana cattāri jhānāni kesañci cittekaggatthāni honti, kesañci vipassanāpādakāni, kesañci abhiññāpādakāni, kesañci nirodhapādakāni, kesañci bhavokkamanatthāni. Tattha khīṇāsavānaṃ cittekaggatthāni honti. Te hi samāpajjitvā ekaggacittā sukhaṃ divasaṃ viharissāmāti iccevaṃ kasiṇaparikammaṃ katvā aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattenti. Sekhaputhujjanānaṃ samāpattito vuṭṭhāya samāhitena cittena vipassissāmāti nibbattentānaṃ vipassanāpādakāni honti. Ye pana aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā abhiññāpādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā samāpattito vuṭṭhāya "ekopi hutvā bahudhā hotī"ti ^2- vuttanayā abhiññāyo @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma., i. ṭhapitaṃ appitaṃ viya ² dī.Sī. 9/238/87 sāmaññaphalasutta, khu. @paṭi. 31/253/163- ñāṇakathā (syā) Patthentā nibbattenti, tesaṃ abhiññāpādakāni honti. Ye pana aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā nirodhasamāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā sattāhaṃ acittā hutvā diṭṭheva dhamme nirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ patvā sukhaṃ viharissāmāti nibbattenti, tesaṃ nirodhapādakāni honti. Ye pana aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā aparihīnajjhānā brahmaloke upapajjissāsāmāti nibbattenti, tesaṃ bhavokkamanatthāni honti. Bhagavatā panidaṃ catutthajjhānaṃ bodhirukkhamūle nibbattitaṃ, taṃ tassa vipassanāpādakañceva ahosi abhiññāpādakañca sabbakiccasādhakañca, sabbalokiyalokuttaraguṇadāyakanti veditabbaṃ. Pubbenivāsakathāvaṇṇanā [52] Yesañaca guṇānaṃ dāyakaṃ ahosi. Tesaṃ ekadesaṃ dassento so evaṃ samāhite cittetiādimāha. Tattha dvinnaṃ vijjānaṃ anupadavaṇṇanā ceva bhāvanānayo ca visuddhimagge vitthārito. Kevalañhi tattha "so evaṃ samāhite citte .pe. Abhininnāmetī"ti vuttaṃ. Idha "abhininnāmesin"ti. Ayaṃ kho me brāhmaṇāti ayañca appanāvāro tattha anāgatoti ayamevettha viseso. Tattha soti so ahaṃ. Abhininnāmesinti abhinīhariṃ. Abhininnāmesinti ca vacanato soti ettha so ahanti evamattho veditabbo. Yasmā cidaṃ bhagavato vasena pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇaṃ āgataṃ, tasmā "so tato cuto idhūpapanno"ti ettha evaṃ yojanā veditabbā. Ettha hi so tato cutoti paṭinivattantassa paccavekkhaṇaṃ. Tasmā idhūpapannoti imissā idhūpapattiyā anantaraṃ, amutra udapādinti tusitabhavanaṃ sandhāyāhāti veditabbo. Tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmoti tatrāpi tusitabhavane setaketu nāma devaputto ahosiṃ. Evaṃgottoti tāhi devatāhi saddhiṃ ekagotto. Evaṃvaṇṇoti suvaṇṇavaṇṇo. Evamāhāroti dibbasudhāhāro. Evaṃ sukhadukkhapaṭisaṃvedīti evaṃ dibbasukhapaṭisaṃvedī. Dukkhaṃ pana saṅkhāradukkhamattameva. Evamāyupariyantoti evaṃ sattapaññāsavassa- koṭisaṭṭhīvassasatasahassāyupariyanto. So tato cutoti so ahaṃ tato tusitabhavanato cuto. Idhūpapannoti idha mahāmāyādeviyā kucchimhi nibbatto. Ayaṃ kho me brāhmaṇātiādīsu meti mayā. Vijjāti viditakaraṇaṭṭhena vijjā. Kiṃ viditaṃ karoti? pubbenivāsaṃ. Avijjāti tasseva pubbenivāsassa aviditakaraṇaṭṭhena tappaṭicchādako mohoti vuccati. Tamoti sveva moho paṭicchādakaṭṭhena "tamo"ti vuccati. Ālokoti sāyeva vijjā obhāsakaraṇaṭṭhena "āloko"ti vuccati. Ettha ca vijjā adhigatāti ayaṃ attho, sesaṃ pasaṃsāvacanaṃ. Yojanā panettha ayaṃ kho me vijjā adhigatā, tassa me adhigatavijjassa avijjā vihatā, vinaṭṭhāti attho. Kasmā? yasmā vijjā uppannā. Esa nayo itarasmiṃpi padadvaye. Yathātanti ettha yathāti opamme. Tanti nipāto. Satiyā avippavāsena appamattassa. Viriyātāpena ātāpino. Kāye ca jīvite ca anapekkhatāya pahitattassa pesitattassāti attho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti "yathā appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avijjā vihaññeyya, vijjā uppajjeyya, tamo vihaññeyya, āloko uppajjeyya. Evameva mama avijjā vihatā, vijjā uppannā. Tamo vihato, āloko uppanno. Etassa me padhānānuyogassa anurūpameva phalaṃ laddhan"ti. Pubbenivāsakathā niṭṭhitā. --------- Dibbacakkhuñāṇakathāvaṇṇanā [53] Cutūpapātakathāyaṃ yasmā pana ^1- idha bhagavato vasena pāli āgatā, tasmā "passāmi pajānāmī"ti vuttaṃ, ayaṃ viseso. Sesaṃ visuddhimagge vuttasadisameva. @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. pana-saddo na dissati Ettha pana vijjāti dibbacakkhuñāṇavijjā. Avijjāti sattānaṃ cutipaṭisandhipaṭicchādikā avijjā. Sesaṃ vuttanayamevāti. Yasmā ca pūritapāramīnaṃ mahāsattānaṃ parikammakiccaṃ nāma natthi. Te hi citte abhininnāmitamatteyeva anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussaranti, dibbena cakkhunā satte passanti. Tasmā yo tattha parikammaṃ ādiṃ katvā bhāvanānayo vutto, na tena idha atathoti. ----------- Āsavakkhayañāṇakathāvaṇṇanā [54] Tatiyavijjāya so evaṃ samāhite citteti vipassanāpādakaṃ catutthajjhānacittaṃ veditabbaṃ. Āsavānaṃ khayañāṇāyāti arahattamaggañāṇatthāya, arahattamaggo hi āsavavināsanato āsavānaṃ khayoti vuccati, tatra cetaṃ ñāṇaṃ tattha pariyāpannattāti. Cittaṃ abhininnāmesinti vipassanācittaṃ abhinīhariṃ. So idaṃ dukkhanti evamādīsu "ettakaṃ dukkhaṃ, na ito bhiyyo"ti sabbaṃpi dukkhasaccaṃ sarasalakkhaṇapaṭivedhena yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ jāniṃ paṭivijjhiṃ. Tassa ca dukakhassa nibbattikaṃ taṇhaṃ ayaṃ dukkhasamudayoti. Tadubhayampi yaṃ ṭhānaṃ patvā nirujjhati, tantesaṃ appavattinibbānaṃ ayaṃ dukkhanirodhoti. Tassa ca sampāpakaṃ ariyamaggaṃ ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadāti saralakkhaṇapaṭivedhena yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ jāniṃ paṭivijjhinti evamattho veditabbo. Evaṃ sarūpato saccāni dassetvā idāni kilesavasena pariyāyato dassento ime āsavātiādimāha. Tassa me evaṃ jānato evaṃ passatoti tassa mayhaṃ evaṃ jānantassa evaṃ passantassa. Saha vipassanāya koṭippattaṃ maggaṃ katheti. Kāmāsavāti kāmāsavato. Vimuccitthāti iminā phalakkhaṇaṃ dasseti, maggakkhaṇe hi cittaṃ vimuccati, phalakkhaṇe vimuttaṃ hoti. Vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamhīti ^1- ñāṇanti iminā paccavekkhaṇañāṇaṃ dasseti. Khīṇā jātītiādīhi tassa bhūmiṃ, tena hi ñāṇena bhagavā paccavekkhanto "khīṇā jātī"ti ādīni abbhaññāsi. Katamā pana bhagavato jāti khīṇā, kathaṃ ca naṃ abbhaññāsīti. Na tāvassa atītā @Footnote: ¹ pāli. vimuttamīti Jāti khīṇā pubbeva khīṇattā, na anāgatā anāgate vāyāmābhāvato, na paccuppannā vijjamānattā. Yā pana maggassa abhāvitattā uppajjeyya ekacatupañcavokārabhavesu ekacatupañcakkhandhappabhedā jāti, sā maggassa bhāvitattā anuppādadhammataṃ āpajjanena khīṇā, taṃ so maggabhāvanāya pahīnakilese paccavekkhitvā "kilesābhāve vijjamānaṃpi kammaṃ āyatiṃ appaṭisandhikaṃ hotī"ti jānanto aññāsīti. Vusitanti vuṭṭhaṃ parivuṭṭhaṃ, kataṃ caritaṃ niṭṭhitanti attho. Brahmacariyanti maggabrahmacariyaṃ, puthujjanakalyāṇakehi saddhiṃ satta sekhā brahmacariyavāsaṃ vasanti nāma, khīṇāsavo vuṭṭhavāso. Tasmā bhagavā attano brahmacariyavāsaṃ paccavekkhanto "vusitaṃ brahmacariyan"ti abbhaññāsi. Kataṃ karaṇīyanti catūsu saccesu catūhi maggehi pariññāpahānasacchikiriyābhāvanāvasena soḷasavidhaṃpi kiccaṃ niṭṭhāpitanti attho. Puthujjanakalyāṇakādayo hi taṃ kiccaṃ karonti, khīṇāsavo katakaraṇīyo. Tasmā bhagavā attano karaṇīyaṃ paccavekkhanto "kataṃ karaṇīyan"ti abbhaññāsi. Nāparaṃ itthattāyāti idāni puna itthambhāvāya ^1- evaṃ soḷasakiccabhāvāya vā kilesakkhayāya vā maggabhāvanākiccaṃ me natthīti abbhaññāsi. Athavā itthattāyāti itthabhāvato imasmā evaṃpakārā idāni vattamānakkhandhasantānā aparaṃ khandhasantānaṃ mayhaṃ natthi. Ime pana pañcakkhandhā pariññātā tiṭṭhanti chinnamūlakā rukkhā viya. Te carimakaviññāṇanirodhena anupādāno viya jātavedo nibbāyissantīti abbhaññāsi. Idāni evaṃ paccavekkhaṇañāṇapariggahitaṃ taṃ āsavānaṃ khayañāṇādhigamaṃ brāhmaṇassa dassento ayaṃ kho me brāhmaṇātiādimāha. Tattha vijjāti arahattamaggañāṇavijjā. Avijjāti catusaccapaṭicchādikā avijjā. Sesaṃ vuttananayameva. Ettāvatā ca pubbenivāsañāṇena atītaṃsañāṇaṃ, dibbacakkhunā paccuppannānāgataṃsañāṇaṃ. Āsavakkhayena sakalalokuttaraguṇanti ^2- evaṃ tīhi vijjāhi sabbepi sabbaññuguṇe saṅgahetvā pakāsento attano asammohavihāraṃ brāhmaṇassa dassesi. @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. itthabhāvāya ² cha.Ma. sakalalokiyalokuttaraguṇanti Araññavāsakāraṇavaṇṇanā [55] Evaṃ vutte kira brāhmaṇo cintesi "samaṇo gotamo sabbaññutaṃ paṭijānāti, ajjāpi ca araññavāsaṃ na vijahati, atthi nu khvassa aññaṃpi kiñci karaṇīyan"ti. Athassa bhagavā ajjhāsayaṃ viditvā iminā ajjhāsayānusiddhiyā siyā kho pana tetiādimāha. Tattha siyā kho pana te brāhmaṇa evamassāti brāhmaṇa kadāci tuyhaṃ evaṃ bhaveyya. Na kho panetaṃ brāhmaṇa evaṃ daṭṭhabbanti evaṃ kho pana brāhmaṇa tayā mayhaṃ pantasenāsanapaṭisevanaṃ avītarāgāditāyāti evaṃ na daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evaṃ pantasenāsanaṃ paṭisevane akāraṇaṃ paṭikkhipitvā kāraṇaṃ dassento dve kho ahantiādimāha. Tattha atthoyeva atthavaso. Tasmā dve kho ahaṃ brāhmaṇa atthavaseti ahaṃ kho brāhmaṇa dve atthe dve kāraṇāni sampassamānoti vuttaṃ hoti. Attano ca diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāranti ettha diṭṭhadhammo nāma ayaṃ paccakkho attabhāvo. Sukhavihāro nāma catunnaṃ iriyāpathavihārānaṃ phāsutā, ekakassa hi araññe antamaso uccārapassāvakiccaṃ upādāya sabbeva iriyāpathā phāsukā honti, tasmā diṭṭhadhammassa sukhavihāraṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāranti ^1- ayamattho veditabbo. Pacchimañca janataṃ anukampamānoti kathaṃ araññavāsena pacchimā janatā anukampitā hoti? saddhā pabbajitā hi kulaputtā bhagavato araññavāsaṃ disvā bhagavāpi nāma araññasenāsanāni na muñcati, yassa nevatthi pariññātabbaṃ na pahātabbaṃ na bhāvetabbaṃ na sacchikātabbaṃ, kimaṅgaṃ pana mayanti cintetvā tattha vasitabbameva maññissanti. Evaṃ khippameva dukkhassantakarā bhavissantīti. Evaṃ pacchimā janatā anukampitā hoti, etamatthaṃ dassento āha "pacchimañca janataṃ anukampamāno"ti. Desanānumodanāvaṇṇanā [56] Taṃ sutvā attamano brāhmaṇo anukampitarūpātiādimāha. Tattha anukampitarūpāti anukampitajātikā anukampitasabhāvā. Janatāti janasamūho. Yathātaṃ @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma., i. diṭṭhadhammassa sukhavihāranti Arahatā sammāsambuddhenāti yathā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho anukampeyya, tatheva anukampitarūpāti. Evañca vatvā puna taṃ bhagavato dhammadesanaṃ abbhanumodamāno bhagavantaṃ etadavoca abhikkantaṃ bho gotama abhikkantaṃ bho gotamāti. Tatthāyaṃ abhikkantasaddo khayasundarābhirūpaabbhanumodanesu dissati. "abhikkantā bhante ratti, nikkhanto paṭhamo yāmo, ciranisinno bhikkhusaṃgho"tiādīsu ^1- hi khaye dissati. "ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā"tiādīsu ^2- sundare. "ko me vandati pādāni iddhiyā yasasā jalaṃ abhikkantena vaṇṇena sabbā obhāsayaṃ disā"ti ādīsu ^3- abhirūpe. "abhikkantaṃ bhante"tiādīsu ^4- abbhanumodane. Idhāpi abbhanumodaneyeva. Yasmā ca abbhanumodane, tasmā sādhu sādhu bho gotamāti vuttaṃ hotīti veditabbaṃ. "bhaye kodhe pasaṃsāyaṃ turite kotuhalacchare hāse soke pasāde ca kare āmeṇḍitaṃ budho"ti iminā ca lakkhaṇena idha pasādavasena pasaṃsāvasena cāyaṃ dvikkhattuṃ vuttoti veditabbo. Athavā abhikkantanti abhikkantaṃ ^5- atiiṭṭhaṃ atimanāpaṃ, atisundaranti vuttaṃ hoti. Tattha ekena abhikkantasaddena desanaṃ thometi, ekena attano pasādaṃ. Ayañhettha adhippāyo:- abhikkantaṃ bho gotama yadidaṃ bhoto gotamassa dhammadesanā, abhikkantaṃ yadidaṃ bhoto gotamassa dhammadesanaṃ āgamma mama pasādoti. Bhagavatoyeva vā vacanaṃ dve dve atthe sandhāya thometi:- bhoto gotamassa vacanaṃ abhikantaṃ dosanāsanato, abhikkantaṃ guṇādhigamanato, tathā saddhājananato. Paññājananato, @Footnote: ¹ vinaYu. cūḷa. 7/383/204 pātimokkhaṭṭhapanakkhandhaka, aṅ. aṭṭhaka. @23/110(20)/207 (syā) ² aṅ catukka. 21/100/114 potaliyasutta @³ khu. vimāna. 26/857/87 purisavimāna ⁴ dī.Sī. 9/250/85 @ajātasattuupāsakattapaṭivedanā, vīnaYu. mahāvi. 1/15/7 verañjakaṇḍa. @⁵ Sī. atikantaṃ, cha.Ma. abhikantaṃ Sātthato, sabyañjanato, uttānapadato, gambhīratthato, kaṇṇasukhato, hadayaṅgamato, anattukkaṃsanato, aparavambhanato, karuṇāsītalato paññāvadātato, āpātharamaṇīyato, vimaddakkhamato, suyyamānasukhato vīmaṃsiyamānahitatoti evamādīhi yojetabbaṃ. Tato paraṃpi catūhi upamāhi desanaṃyeva thometi. Tattha nikujjitanti adhomukhaṃ ṭhapitaṃ heṭṭhāmukhajātaṃ vā. Ukkujjeyyāti upari mukhaṃ ṭhapeyya. Paṭicchannanti tiṇapaṇṇādicchāditaṃ. Vivareyyāti ugghāteyya. Muḷhassāti disāmuḷhassa. Maggaṃ ācikkheyyāti hatthe gahetvā "esa maggo"ti vadeyya. Andhakāreti kāḷapakkhacātuddasīaḍḍharattaghanavanasaṇḍameghapaṭalehi caturaṅge tame, ayaṃ tāva anuttānapadattho. Ayaṃ pana adhippāyayojanā:- yathā koci nikujjitaṃ ukkujjeyya, evaṃ saddhammavimukhaṃ asaddhamme patitaṃ maṃ asaddhammā vuṭṭhāpentena yathā paṭicchannaṃ vivareyya, evaṃ kassapassa bhagavato sāsanantaradhānato pabhūti micchādiṭṭhigahaṇapaṭicchannaṃ sāsanaṃ vivarantena yathā muḷhassa maggaṃ ācikkheyya, evaṃ kummaggaṃ micchā maggaṃ paṭipannassa me saggamokkhamaggaṃ ācikkhantena ^1- yathā andhakāre telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya, evaṃ mohandhakāre nimuggassa me buddhādiratanarūpāni apassato tappaṭicchādakamohandhakāraviddhaṃsakadesanāpajjotadhāraṇena mayhaṃ bhotā gotamena etehi pariyāyehi pakāsitattā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsitoti. Pasannākāravaṇṇanā evaṃ desanaṃ thometvā imāya desanāya ratanattaye pasannacitto pasannākāraṃ karonto "esāhan"tiādimāha. Tattha esāhanti eso ahaṃ. Bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmīti bhavaṃ me gotamo saraṇaṃ parāyano aghassa hantā ^2- hitassa ca vidhātāti iminā adhippāyena bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ gacchāmi bhajāmi sevāmi payirupāsāmi, evaṃ vā jānāmi bujjhāmīti. Yesañhi dhātūnaṃ gati attho, buddhipi tesaṃ @Footnote: ¹ Sī. āvikarontena ² cha.Ma. tātā Attho. Tasmā gacchāmīti imassa jānāmi bujjhāmīti ayamattho vutto. Dhammañca bhikkhusaṃghañcāti ettha pana adhigatamagge sacchikatanirodhe yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāneva catūsu apāyesu apatamāne dhāretīti dhammo, so atthato ariyamaggo ceva nibbānañca. Vuttaṃ hetaṃ "yāvatā bhikkhave dhammā saṅkhatā, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo tesaṃ aggamakkhāyatī"ti ^1- vitthāro. Na kevalañca ariyamaggo ceva nibbānañca, apica kho ariyaphalehi saddhiṃ pariyattidhammopi. Vuttañhetaṃ chattamāṇavakavimāne:- "rāgavirāgamanejamasokaṃ ^*- dhammamasaṅkhatamappaṭikūlaṃ madhuramimaṃ paguṇaṃ suvibhattaṃ dhammamimaṃ saraṇatthamupehī"ti. ^2- Ettha rāgavirāgoti maggo kathito. Anejamasokan ^*- ti phalaṃ. Dhammamasaṅkhatanti nibbānaṃ. Appaṭikūlaṃ madhuramimaṃ paguṇaṃ suvibhattanti piṭakattayena vibhattasabbadhammakkhandhāni. ^3- Diṭṭhisīlasaṅghātena saṃhatoti saṃgho, so atthato aṭṭhaariyapuggalasamūho. Vuttañhetaṃ tasmiṃyeva vimāne:- "yattha ca dinnamahapphalamāhu catūsu sucīsu purisayugesu aṭṭha ca puggaladhammadasā te saṃghamimaṃ saraṇatthamupehī"ti. ^4- Bhikkhūnaṃ saṃgho bhikkhusaṃgho. Ettāvatā brāhmaṇo tīṇi saraṇagamanāni paṭivedesi. Saraṇagamanakathā idāni tesu saraṇagamanesu kosallatthaṃ saraṇaṃ, saraṇagamanaṃ, yo ca saraṇaṃ gacchati, saraṇagamanappabhedo, saraṇagamanaphalaṃ, saṅkileso, bhedoti ayaṃ vidhi veditabbo. @Footnote: ¹ aṅ. catukka. 21/34/39 aggappasādasutta ^* pāli. maneñjamasokaṃ,... @² khu. vimāna. 26/887/91 chattamāṇavakavimāna ³ cha.Ma., i. vibhattā sabbadhammakkhandhāti @⁴ khu. vimāna. 26/888/92 chattamāṇavakavimāna Seyyathīdaṃ:- padatthato tāva hiṃsatīti saraṇaṃ, saraṇagatānaṃ teneva saraṇagamanena bhayaṃ santāsaṃ dukkhaṃ duggatiparikilesaṃ hanati vināsetīti attho, ratanattayassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Athavā hite pavattanena ahitā ca nivattanena sattānaṃ bhayaṃ hiṃsatīti ^1- buddho. Bhavakantārā uttāraṇena assāsadānena ca dhammo. Appakānaṃpi kārānaṃ vipulaphalapaṭilābhakaraṇena saṃgho. Tasmā imināpi pariyāyena ratanattayaṃ saraṇaṃ. Tappasādataggarutāhi vihatakileso tapparāyanatākārappavatto cittuppādo saraṇagamanaṃ. Taṃsamaṅgī satto saraṇaṃ gacchati, vuttappakārena cittuppādena etāni tīṇi ratanāni saraṇaṃ, etāni parāyananti evaṃ upetīti attho. Evaṃ tāva saraṇaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ yo ca saraṇaṃ gacchatīti idattayaṃ veditabbaṃ. Saraṇagamanappabhede pana duvidhaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ lokuttaraṃ lokiyañca. Tattha lokuttaraṃ diṭṭhasaccānaṃ maggakkhaṇe saraṇagamanūpakilesamucchedena ārammaṇato nibbānārammaṇaṃ hutvā kiccato sakalepi ratanattaye ijjhati. Lokiyaputhujjanānaṃ saraṇagamanūpakilesavikkhambhanena ārammaṇato buddhādiguṇārammaṇaṃ hutvā ijjhati, taṃ atthato buddhādīsu vatthūsu saddhāpaṭilābho, saddhāmūlikā ca sammādiṭṭhi dasasu puññakiriyāvatthūsu diṭṭhujukammanti vuccati. Tayidaṃ catudhā pavattati attasanniyātanena tapparāyanatāya sissabhāvūpagamanena paṇipātenāti. ^2- Tattha attasanniyyātanaṃ nāma "ajjādiṃ katvā ahaṃ attānaṃ buddhassa niyyādemi, dhammassa saṃghassā"ti evaṃ buddhādīnaṃ attapariccajanaṃ. Tapparāyanatā nāma "ajjādiṃ katvā ahaṃ buddhaparāyano, dhammaparāyano, saṃghaparāyano iti maṃ dhārethā"ti evaṃ tapparāyanabhāvo. Sissabhāvūpagamanaṃ nāma "ajjādiṃ katvā ahaṃ buddhassa antevāsiko, dhammassa, saṃghassa iti maṃ dhārethā"ti evaṃ sissabhāvūpagamo. Paṇipāto nāma "ajjādiṃ katvā ahaṃ abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalīkammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ buddhādīnaṃyeva tiṇṇaṃ vatthūnaṃ karomi, iti maṃ dhārethā"ti evaṃ buddhādīsu paramanipaccakāro. Imesañhi catunnaṃ ākārānaṃ aññataraṃpi karontena gahitaṃyeva hoti saraṇagamanaṃ. @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. hiṃsati ² Ma. pāṇipātenāti Apica bhagavato attānaṃ pariccajāmi, dhammassa, saṃghassa attānaṃ pariccajāmi. Jīvitaṃ pariccajāmi, pariccattoyeva me attā, pariccattaṃyeva me jīvitaṃ, jīvitapariyantikaṃ buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, buddho me saraṇaṃ leṇaṃ tāṇanti evaṃpi attasanniyyātanaṃ veditabbaṃ. "satthārañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ bhagavantameva passeyyaṃ, sugatañca vātāhaṃ passeyyaṃ bhagavantameva passeyyaṃ, sammāsambuddhaṃ ca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ bhagavantameva passeyyan"ti ^1- evampi mahākassapassa saraṇagamane ^2- viya sissabhāvūpagamanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. "so ahaṃ vicarissāmi gāmā gāmaṃ purā puraṃ namassamāno sambuddhaṃ dhammassa ca sudhammatan"ti ^3- evampi āḷavakādīnaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ viya tapparāyanatā veditabbā. "atha kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavato pādāni mukhena ca paricumbati, pāṇīhi ca parisambāhati, nāmañca sāveti brahmāyu ahaṃ bho gotama brāhmaṇo, brahmāyu ahaṃ bho gotama brāhmaṇo"ti ^4- evaṃpi paṇipāto daṭṭhabbo. So panesa ñātibhayācariyadakkhiṇeyyavasena catubbidho hoti. Tattha dakkhiṇeyyapaṇipātena saraṇagamanaṃ hoti, na itarehi. Seṭṭhavaseneva hi saraṇaṃ gayhati, seṭṭhavasena bhijjati, tasmā yo sākiyo vā koliyo vā "buddho amhākaṃ ñātako"ti vandati, aggahitameva hoti saraṇaṃ. Yo vā "samaṇo gotamo rājapūjito mahānubhāvo, avandiyamāno anatthaṃpi kareyyā"ti bhayena vandati, aggahitameva hoti saraṇaṃ. Yopi ^5- bodhisattakāle bhagavato santike kiñci uggahitaṃ saramāno buddhakāle vā:- "ekena bhoge ^6- bhuñjeyya dvīhi kammaṃ payojaye catutthaṃ ca nidhāpeyya āpadāsu bhavissatī"ti ^7- evarūpaṃ anusāsaniṃ uggahetvā "ācariyo me"ti vandati, aggahitameva hoti saraṇaṃ. Yo pana "ayaṃ loke aggadakkhiṇeyyo"ti vandati, teneva gahitaṃ hoti saraṇaṃ. @Footnote: ¹ saṃ. ni. 16/154/210 kassapasaṃyutta: cīvarasutta ² cha.Ma. saraṇagamanaṃ @³ khu. su. 25/194/371 āḷavakasutata, saṃ. sagā. 15/246/259 yakkhasaṃyutta. @⁴ Ma.Ma. 13/394/377 burahmāyusutta ⁵ cha.Ma. yo vā @⁶ ka. bhāgena ⁷ dī. pāṭi. 11/265/164 siṅgālakasutta Evaṃ gahitasaraṇassa ca upāsakassa vā upāsikāya vā aññatitthiyesu pabbajitaṃpi ñātiṃ "ñātako me ayan"ti vandato saraṇagamanaṃ na bhijjati, pageva apabbajitaṃ. Tathā rājānaṃ bhayavasena vandato, so hi raṭṭhapūjitattā avandiyamāno anatthaṃpi kareyyāti. Tathā yaṃ kiñci sippaṃ sikkhāpakaṃ titthiyaṃpi "ācariyo me ayan"ti vandatopi na bhijjatīti evaṃ saraṇagamappabhedo veditabbo. Ettha ca lokuttarassa saraṇagamanassa cattāri sāmaññaphalāni vipākaphalaṃ, sabbadukkhakkhayo ānisaṃsaphalaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ:- "yo ca buddhañca dhammañca saṃghañca saraṇaṃ gato cattāri ariyasaccāni sammappaññāya passati dukkhaṃ dukkhasamuppādaṃ dukkhassa ca atikkamaṃ ariyañcaṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ etaṃ kho saraṇaṃ khemaṃ etaṃ saraṇamuttamaṃ etaṃ saraṇamāgamma sabbadukkhā pamuccatī"ti. ^1- Apica niccato anupagamanādivasenapetassa ānisaṃsaphalaṃ veditabbaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ:- "aṭṭhānametaṃ bhikkhave anavakāso, yaṃ diṭṭhisampanno puggalo kiñci saṅkhāraṃ niccato upagaccheyya, sukhato upagaccheyya, kiñci dhammaṃ attato upagaccheyya, mātaraṃ jīvitā voropeyya, pitaraṃ, arahantaṃ jīvitā voropeyya, duṭṭhacitto tathāgatassa lohitaṃ uppādeyya, saṃghaṃ bhindeyya, aññaṃ satthāraṃ uddiseyya, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī"ti. ^2- Lokiyassa pana saraṇagamanassa bhavasampadāpi bhogasampadāpi phalameva. Vuttañhetaṃ:- "yekeci buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatāse na te gamissanti apāyabhūmiṃ. Pahāya mānusaṃ dehaṃ devakāyaṃ paripūressantī"ti. ^3- @Footnote: ¹ khu. dhamMa. 25/190-92/50-1 aggidattapurohitavatthu @² Ma. upari. 14/127-8/114 bahudhātukasutta, aṅ. ekaka. 20/268-75/28-9 @³ saṃ. sagā. 15/37/30 samayasutta Aparampi vuttaṃ "atha kho sakko devānamindo asītiyā devatāsahassehi saddhiṃ yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno, tenupasaṅkami .pe. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitaṃ kho sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ āyasmā mahāmoggallāno etadavoca `sādhu kho devānaminda buddhaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ hoti, buddhaṃ saraṇagamanahetu kho devānaminda evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā parammaraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjantī'ti te aññe deve dasahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhanti dibbena āyunā dibbena vaṇṇena sukhena yasena ādhipateyyena dibbehi rūpehi saddehi gandhehi rasehi phoṭṭhabbehī"ti. ^1- Esa nayo dhamme saṃghe ca. Apica velāmasuttādivasenāpi ^2- saraṇagamanassa phalaviseso veditabbo. Evaṃ saraṇagamanaphalaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tattha lokiyasaraṇagamanaṃ tīsu vatthūsu aññāṇasaṃsayamicchāñāṇādīhi saṅkilissati, na mahājutikaṃ hoti na mahāvipphāraṃ. Lokuttarassa natthi saṅkileso. Lokiyassa ca saraṇagamanassa duvidho bhedo sāvajjo anavajjo ca. Tattha sāvajjo aññasatthārādīsu attasanniyyātanādīhi hoti, so aniṭṭhaphalo. Anavajjo kālakiriyāya, so avipākattā aphalo. Lokuttarassa pana nevatthi bhedo. Bhavantarepi hi ariyasāvako aññaṃ satthāraṃ na uddisatīti evaṃ saraṇagamanassa saṅkileso ca bhedo ca veditabboti. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretūti maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo "upāsako ayan"ti evaṃ dhāretu, jānātūti attho. Upāsakavidhikathā upāsakavidhiṃ kosallatthaṃ panettha ko upāsako, kasmā upāsakoti vuccati, kimassa sīlaṃ, ko ājīvo, kā vipatti, kā sampattīti idaṃ pakiṇṇakaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tattha ko upāsakoti yo koci tisaraṇaṃ gato gahaṭṭho, vuttañhetaṃ "yato kho mahānāma upāsako buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, saṃghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti. Ettāvatā kho mahānāma upāsako hotī"ti. ^3- Kasmā upāsakoti ratanattayaupāsanato. So hi buddhaṃ upāsatīti upāsako. Dhammaṃ, saṃghaṃ upāsatīti upāsako. @Footnote: ¹ saṃ. saḷā. 18/532,535/339/342 moggallānasaṃyutta @² aṅ navaka. 23/224/(20)/406 sīhanādavagga (sayā) @³ saṃ. mahā. 19/1033/343 mahānāmasutta Kimassa sīlanti pañca veramaṇiyo. Yathāha "yato kho mahānāma upāsako pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti adinnādānā, kāmesu micchācārā, musāvādā, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti. Ettāvatā kho mahānāma upāsako sīlavā hotī"ti. ^1- Ko ājīvoti pañca micchāvaṇijjā pahāya dhammena samena jīvitakappanaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ "pañcimā bhikkhave vaṇijjā upāsakena akaraṇīyā. Katamā pañca? Satthavaṇijjā, sattavaṇijjā, maṃsavaṇijjā, majjavaṇijjā, visavaṇijjā. Imā kho bhikkhave pañca vaṇijjā upāsakena akaraṇīyā"ti. ^2- Kā vipattīti yā tasseva sīlassa ca ājīvassa ca vipatti, ayamassa vipatti. Apica yāya esa caṇḍālo ceva hoti malañca paṭimalañca ^3- paṭikiṭṭho ^4- ca. Sāpissa vipattīti veditabbā. Te ca atthato assaddhiyādayo pañca dhammā honti. Yathāha "pañcahi bhikkhave dhammehi samannāgato upāsako upāsakacaṇḍālo ca hoti upāsakamalañca upāsakapaṭikiṭṭho ca. ^5- Katamehi pañcahi? assaddho hoti, dussīlo hoti, kotuhalamaṅgaliko hoti, maṅgalaṃ pacceti, no kammaṃ, ito ca bahiddhā dakkhiṇeyyaṃ pariyesati, ^*- tattha ca pubbakāraṃ karotī"ti. ^6- Kā sampattīti yā cassa sīlasampadā ca ājīvasampadā ca, sā sampatti. Ye cassa ratanabhāvādikārā saddhādayo pañca dhammā. Yathāha "pañcahi bhikkhave dhammehi samannāgato upāsako upāsakaratanaṃ ca hoti upāsakapadumañca upāsakapuṇḍarīkaṃ ^7- ca. Katamehi pañcahi? saddho hoti, sīlavā hoti, na kotuhalamaṅgaliko hoti, kammaṃ pacceti, no maṅgalaṃ, na ito bahiddhā dakkhiṇeyyaṃ gavesati, idha ca pubbakāraṃ karotī"ti. ^8- @Footnote: ¹ saṃ. mahā. 19/1033/343 mahānāmasutta ² aṅ. pañcaka. 22/177/232 upāsakavagga @³ cha.Ma. ayaṃ pāṭho na dissati ⁴ Sī. patikiṭṭho. cha.Ma. patikuṭṭho @⁵ cha.Ma....patikuṭṭho evamuparipi ⁶ aṅ. pañcaka. 22/175/230 (syā) @⁷ ka., Sī., i.,Ma. upāsakapuṇḍarīko ⁸ aṅ. pañcaka. 22/175/230 @caṇḍālasutta ^* pāli. gavesati. Ajjataggeti ettha ayaṃ aggasaddo ādikoṭikoṭṭhāsaseṭṭhesu dissati. "ajjatagge samma dovārika āvarāmi dvāraṃ nigaṇṭhānan"ti ^1- ādīsu hi ādimhi dissati. "teneva aṅgulaggena taṃ aṅgulaggaṃ ^*- parāmaseyya, ^2- ucchuggaṃ ^3- veḷaggan"ti ādīsu koṭiyaṃ. "ambilaggaṃ vā madhuraggaṃ vā tittakaggaṃ vā, ^4- anujānāmi bhikkhave vihāraggena vā pariveṇaggena vā ^*- bhājetun"ti ^5- ādīsu koṭṭhāse. "yāvatā bhikkhave sattā apadā vā .pe. Tathāgato tesaṃ aggamakkhāyatī"ti ^6- ādīsu seṭṭhe. Idha panāyaṃ ādimhi daṭṭhabbo. Tasmā ajjataggeti ajjataṃ ādiṃ katvāti ^7- evamettha attho veditabbo. Ajjatanti ajjabhāvaṃ. Ajjadaggetipi ^8- pāṭho, dakāro padasandhikaro, ajja aggaṃ katvāti attho. Pāṇupetanti pāṇehi upetaṃ, yāva me jīvitaṃ pavattati, tāva upetaṃ. Anaññasatthukaṃ tīhi saraṇagamanehi saraṇaṃ gataṃ upāsakaṃ kappiyakārakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu jānātu. Ahañhi sacepi me tikhiṇena asinā sīsaṃ chindeyyuṃ, neva buddhaṃ "na buddho"ti vā dhammaṃ "na dhammo"ti vā saṃghaṃ "na saṃgho"ti vā vadeyyanti. Evaṃ attasanniyyātanena saraṇaṃ gantvā catūhi ca paccayehi pavāretvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā tikkhattuṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmīti. Papañcasūdanīyā majjhimanikāyaṭṭhakathāya bhayabheravasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. ----------- @Footnote: ¹ Ma.Ma. 13/70/47 upālivādasutta ² pāli. *parāmasati, abhi. kathā. 37/441/267 @³ cha.Ma. ucchaggaṃ ⁴ saṃ. mahā. 19/174/131 ⁵ pāli. *gāhetuṃ.., vinaYu. @cūḷa. 7/318/89 senāsanakkhandhaka ⁶ aṅ. catukka. 21/34/39 aggappasādasutta @⁷ cha.Ma. katvā, ⁸ cha.Ma. ajjadaggeti vā

The Pali Atthakatha in Roman Book 7 page 119-148. http://84000.org/tipitaka/atthapali/read_rm.php?B=7&A=3019 อรรถกถาบาลีอักษรไทย :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/atthapali/read_th.php?B=7&A=3019 อ่านอรรถกถาแปลไทย :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/attha/attha.php?b=12&i=27 เนื้อความพระไตรปิฎกฉบับหลวง :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/r.php?B=12&A=517 พระไตรปิฎกฉบับบาลีอักษรไทย :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/pali_read.php?B=12&A=554 The Pali Tipitaka in Roman Character :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/roman_read.php?B=12&A=554 Contents of The Tipitaka Volume 12 http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/?index_12