AtthaPali Vol.54

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4. Saccavibhaṅga 1. Suttantabhājanīyavaṇṇanā [189] Idāni tadanantare saccavibhaṅge cattārīti gaṇanaparicchedo. Ariyasaccānīti paricchinnadhammanidassanaṃ. Dukkhaṃ ariyasaccantiādimhi pana uddesavāre:- vibhāgato nibbacana- lakkhaṇādippabhedato atthatthuddhārato ceva anūnādhikato tathā. Kamato ariyasaccesu yaṃ ñāṇaṃ tassa kiccato antogadhānaṃ pabhedā upamāto catukkato. Suññatekavidhādīhi sabhāgavisabhāgato vinicchayo veditabbo viññunā sāsanakkame. Tattha vibhāgatoti dukkhādīnaṃ hi cattāro cattāro atthā vibhattā tathā avitathā anaññathā, ye dukkhādīni abhisamentehi abhisametabbā. Yathāha "dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho saṅkhataṭṭho santāpaṭṭho vipariṇāmaṭṭho, ime cattāro dukkhassa dukkhaṭṭhā tathā avitathā anaññathā, samudayassa āyūhanaṭṭho nidānaṭṭho saṃyogaṭṭho palibodhanaṭṭho .pe. Nirodhassa nissaraṇaṭṭho vivekaṭṭho asaṅkhataṭṭho amataṭṭho .pe. Maggassa niyyānaṭṭho hetvaṭṭho dassanaṭṭho ādhipateyyaṭṭho, ime cattāro maggassa maggaṭṭhā tathā avitathā anaññathā"ti. ^1- Tathā "dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho saṅkhataṭṭho santāpaṭṭho vipariṇāmaṭṭho abhisamayaṭṭhoti "2- evamādi. Iti evaṃ vibhattānaṃ catunnaṃ catunnaṃ atthānaṃ vasena dukkhādīni veditabbānīti. Ayaṃ tāvettha vibhāgato vinicchayo veditabbo. Nibbacanalakkhaṇādippabhedatoti ettha pana nibbacanato tāva idha duiti ayaṃ saddo kucchite dissati. Kucchitaṃ hi puttaṃ duputtoti vadanti. Khaṃsaddo pana @Footnote: ¹ khu. paṭi. 31/545/449 (syā) ² khu. paṭi. 31/549/454 (syā)

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Tucche. Tucchaṃ hi ākāsaṃ khanti vuccati, idaṃ pana ^1- paṭhamasaccaṃ kucchitaṃ anekūpaddavādhiṭṭhānato, tucchaṃ bālajanaparikappitadhuvasubhasukhattabhāvavirahitato. Tasmā kucchitattā ca tucchattā ca dukkhanti vuccati. Saṃiti ca ayaṃ saddo "samāgamo sametan"tiādīsu ^2- saṃyogaṃ dīpeti, uiti ayaṃ saddo "uppannaṃ uditan"tiādīsu ^3- uppattiṃ. Ayasaddo pana kāraṇaṃ dīpeti. Idañcāpi dutiyasaccaṃ avasesapaccayasamāyoge sati dukkhassuppattikāraṇaṃ. Iti dukkhassa saṃyoge uppattikāraṇattā dukkhasamudayanti vuccati. Tatiyasaccaṃ pana yasmā nisaddo abhāvaṃ, rodhasaddo ca cārakaṃ dīpeti. Tasmā abhāvo ettha saṃsāracārakasaṅkhātassa dukkharodhassa sabbagatisuññattā, samadhigate vā tasmiṃ saṃsāracārakasaṅkhātassa dukkhanirodhassa abhāvo hoti tappaṭipakkhattāpi dukkhanirodhanti vuccati. Dukkhassa vā anuppādanirodhapaccayattā dukkhanirodhanti. Catutthasaccaṃ pana yasmā etaṃ dukkhanirodhaṃ gacchati ārammaṇavasena tadabhimukhībhūtattā, paṭipadā ca hoti dukkhanirodhappattiyā, tasmā dukkhanirodhagāminīpaṭipādāti vuccati. Yasmā panetāni buddhādayo ariyā paṭivijjhanti, tasmā ariyasaccānīti vuccanti. Yathāha "cattārimāni bhikkhave ariyasaccāni. ^4- Katamāni .pe. Imāni kho bhikkhave cattāri ariyasaccāni. Ariyā imāni paṭivijjhanti. Tasmā ariyasaccānīti vuccantī"ti. Apica ariyassa saccānītipi ariyasaccāni. Yathāha "sadevake bhikkhave loke .pe. Sadevamanussāya tathāgato ariyo. Tasmā ariyasaccānīti vuccantī"ti. ^4- Athavā etesaṃ abhisambuddhattā ariyabhāvasiddhitopi ariyasaccāni. Yathāha "imesaṃ kho bhikkhave catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ yathābhūtaṃ abhisambuddhattā tathāgato arahaṃ sammāsambuddho ariyoti vuccatī"ti. ^5- Apica kho pana ariyāni saccānītipi ariyasaccāni. @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. idañca ² dī.Ma. 10/396/261, abhi. 35/199/119 @³ vinaYu. 1/172/100, khu.cūḷa. 30/743/378 (syā) ⁴ saṃ.Ma. 19/1098/380 @⁵ saṃ.Ma. 19/1093/378

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Ariyānīti tathāni avitathāni avisaṃvādakānītyattho. Yathāha "imāni kho bhikkhave cattāri ariyasaccāni tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni. Tasmā ariyasaccānīti vuccantī"ti. ^1- Evamettha nibbacanato vinicchayo veditabbo. Kathaṃ lakkhaṇādīppabhedato? ettha hi bādhanalakkhaṇaṃ dukkhasaccaṃ, santāpanarasaṃ, Pavattipaccupaṭṭhānaṃ. Pabhavalakkhaṇaṃ samudayasaccaṃ, anupacchedakaraṇarasaṃ, palibodhapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ. Santilakkhaṇaṃ nirodhasaccaṃ, acutirasaṃ, animittapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ. Niyyānalakkhaṇaṃ magga- saccaṃ, kilesappahānakaraṇarasaṃ, vuṭṭhānapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ. Apica pavattipavattakanivattinivatta- kalakkhaṇāni paṭipāṭiyā, tathā saṅkhatataṇhāasaṅkhatadassanalakkhaṇāni cāti. Evamettha lakkhaṇādippabhedato vinicchayo veditabbo. Atthatthuddhārato cevāti ettha pana atthato tāva ko saccaṭṭhoti ce. Yo paññācakkhunā upaparikkhamānānaṃ māyāva viparīto ^2- marīciva visaṃvādako titthiyānaṃ attāva anupalabbhasabhāvo ca na hoti, athakho bādhanapabhavasantiniyyānappakārena tacchāviparītabhūtabhāvena ariyañāṇassa gocaro hotiyeva. Esa aggilakkhaṇaṃ viya lokapakati viya ca tacchāviparītabhūtabhāvo saccaṭṭhoti veditabbo. Yathāha "idaṃ dukkhanti bhikkhave tathametaṃ avitathametaṃ anaññathametan"ti ^3- vitthāro. Apica:- nābādhakaṃ yato dukkhaṃ dukkhā aññaṃ na bādhakaṃ bādhakattaniyāmena tato saccamidaṃ mataṃ. Taṃ vinā nāññato dukkhaṃ na hoti na ca taṃ tato dukkhahetuniyāmena iti saccaṃ visattikā. Nāññā nibbānato santi santaṃ na ca na taṃ yato santabhāvaniyāmena tato saccamidaṃ mataṃ. @Footnote: ¹ saṃ.Ma. 19/1097/380 ² Sī. viparītako ³ saṃ.Ma. 19/1090/375

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Maggā aññaṃ na niyyānaṃ aniyyāno na cāpi so tacchaniyyānabhāvattā iti so saccasammato. Iti tacchāvipallāsa- bhūtabhāvaṃ catūsupi dukkhādīsvavisesena saccaṭṭhaṃ āhu paṇḍitāti. Evaṃ atthato vinicchayo veditabbo. Kathaṃ atthuddhārato? idhāyaṃ saccasaddo anekesu atthesu dissati. Seyyathīdaṃ:- "saccaṃ bhaṇe na kujjheyyā"tiādīsu ^1- vācāsacce. "sacce ṭhitā samaṇabrāhmaṇā cā"tiādīsu ^2- viratisacce. "kasmā nu saccāni vadanti nānā, pavādiyāse kusalā vadānā"tiādīsu ^3- diṭṭhisacce. "ekaṃ hi saccaṃ na dutīyamatthī"tiādīsu ^3- paramatthasacce nibbāne ceva magge ca. "catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ kati kusalā"tiādīsu ^4- ariyasacce. Svāyamidhāpi ariyasacce vattatīti evamettha atthuddhāratopi vinicchayo veditabbo. Anūnādhikatoti kasmā pana cattāreva ariyasaccāni vuttāni anūnāni anadhikānīti ce. Aññassāsambhavato aññatarassa ca anapaneyyabhāvato. Na hi etehi aññaṃ adhikaṃ vā etesaṃ vā ekampi apanetabbaṃ sambhoti. Yathāha "idha bhikkhave āgaccheyya samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā `netaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, aññaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ. Yaṃ samaṇena gotamena desitaṃ, ahametaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ paññapessāmī'ti, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī"tiādi. Yathā cāha "yo hi koci bhikkhave ^5- samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā evaṃ vadeyya `netaṃ dukkhaṃ paṭhamaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, yaṃ samaṇena gotamena desitaṃ, ahametaṃ dukkhaṃ paṭhamaṃ ariyasaccaṃ paccakkhāya aññaṃ dukkhaṃ paṭhamaṃ ariyasaccaṃ paññapessāmī'ti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī"tiādi. ^6- @Footnote: ¹ khu.dha. 25/224/56 ² khu.jā. 28/358/140 (syā) @³ khu.su. 25/891-2/508 ⁴ abhi. 35/216/134 @⁵ pāli. bhante, cha.Ma. bhikkhu ⁶ saṃ.Ma. 19/1086/373

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Apica pavattimācikkhanto bhagavā sahetukaṃ ācikkhi, nivattiñca saupāyaṃ. Iti pavattinivattitadubhayahetūnaṃ etaparamato cattāreva vuttāni. Tathā pariññeyya- pahātabbasacchikātabbabhāvetabbānaṃ ca taṇhātaṇhāvatthutaṇhānirodhataṇhānirodhu- pāyānaṃ ^1- ca ālayālayarāmatāālayasamugghātaālayasamugghātupāyānaṃ ca vasenāpi cattāreva vuttānīti evamettha anūnādhikato vinicchayo veditabbo. Kamatoti ayampi desanākkamova. Ettha ca oḷārikattā sabbasattasādhāraṇattā ca suviññeyyanti dukkhasaccaṃ paṭhamaṃ vuttaṃ, tasseva hetudassanatthaṃ tadanantaraṃ samudayasaccaṃ, hetunirodhā phalanirodhoti ñāpanatthaṃ tato nirodhasaccaṃ, tadadhigamupāyadassanatthaṃ ante maggasaccaṃ. Bhavasukhassādagadhitānaṃ vā sattānaṃ saṃvegajananatthaṃ paṭhamaṃ dukkhamāha, taṃ neva akataṃ āgacchati, na issaranimmānādito hoti, ito pana hotīti ñāpanatthaṃ tadanantaraṃ samudayaṃ, tato sahetukena dukkhena abhibhūtattā saṃviggamānasānaṃ dukkhanissaraṇagavesīnaṃ nissaraṇadassanena assāsajananatthaṃ nirodhaṃ, tato nirodhādhigamatthaṃ nirodhasampāpakaṃ magganti evamettha kamatopi ^2- vinicchayo veditabbo. Ariyasaccesu, yaṃ ñāṇaṃ tassa kiccatoti saccañāṇassa kiccatopi vinicchayo veditabboti attho. Duvidhañhi saccañāṇaṃ anubodhañāṇañca paṭivedhañāṇañca. Tattha anubodhañāṇaṃ lokiyaṃ anussavādivasena nirodhe magge ca pavattati. Paṭivedhañāṇaṃ lokuttaraṃ nirodhamārammaṇaṃ katvā kiccato cattāripi saccāni paṭivijjhati. Yathāha "yo bhikkhave dukkhaṃ passati, dukkhasamudayampi so passati, dukkhanirodhampi passati, dukkhanirodhagāminīpaṭipadampi passatī"ti ^3- sabbampi ^4- vattabbaṃ. Yampanetaṃ lokiyaṃ, tattha dukkhañāṇaṃ pariyuṭṭhānābhibhavanavasena pavattamānaṃ sakkāyadiṭṭhiṃ nivatteti. Samudayañāṇaṃ ucchedadiṭṭhiṃ, nirodhañāṇaṃ sassatadiṭṭhiṃ, @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. taṇhāvatthutaṇhātaṇhānirodha.... ² cha.Ma. kamato @³ saṃ. Ma. 19/1100/381 ⁴ cha.Ma. sabbaṃ

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Maggañāṇaṃ akiriyadiṭṭhiṃ. Dukkhañāṇaṃ vā dhuvasubhasukhattabhāvarahitesu khandhesu dhuvasubhasukhattabhāvasaññāsaṅkhātaṃ phale vippaṭipattiṃ, samudayañāṇaṃ issarapadhānakālasabhāvādīhi loko pavattatīti akāraṇe kāraṇābhimānapavattaṃ hetumhi vippaṭipattiṃ, nirodhañāṇaṃ arūpalokalokathupikādīsu apavaggagāhabhūtaṃ nirodhe vippaṭipattiṃ, maggañāṇaṃ kāmasukhallikattakilamathānuyogappabhede avisuddhimagge visuddhimaggāhavasena pavattaṃ upāye vippaṭipattiṃ nivatteti. Tenetaṃ vuccati:- "loke lokappabhave lokatthagame sive ca tadupāye sammuyhati tāva naro na vijānāti yāva saccānī"ti. Evamettha ñāṇakiccatopi vinicchayo veditabbo. Antogadhānaṃ pabhedāti dukkhasaccasmiṃ hi ṭhapetvā taṇhañceva anāsavadhamme ca sesā sabbadhammā antogadhā, samudayasacce chattiṃsa taṇhāvicaritāni. Nirodhasaccaṃ asammissaṃ, maggasacce sammādiṭṭhimukhena vīmaṃsiddhipādapaññindriyapaññābaladhamma- vicayasambojjhaṅgāni. Sammāsaṅkappāpadesena tayo nekkhammavitakkādayo, sammāvācāpadesena cattāri vacīsucaritāni, sammākammantāpadesena tīṇi kāyasucaritāni, sammāājīvamukhena appicchatā santuṭṭhitā ca. Sabbesaṃyeva vā etesaṃ sammāvācākammantājīvānaṃ ariyakantasīlattā sīlassa ca saddhāhatthena paṭiggahetabbattā tesaṃ atthitāya ca atthibhāvato saddhindriyasaddhābalachandiddhipādā, sammāvāyāmāpadesena catubbidhasammappadhānaviriyiddhipādaviriyindriyaviriyabalaviriya- sambojjhaṅgāni, ^1- sammāsatiapadesena catubbidhasatipaṭṭhānasatindriyasatibalasati- sambojjhaṅgāni, sammāsamādhiapadesena savitakkasavicārādayo tayo tayo samādhī cittasamādhisamādhindriyasamādhibalapītipassaddhisamādhiupekkhāsambojjhaṅgāni antogadhānīti evamettha antogadhānaṃ pabhedāpi vinicchayo veditabbo. @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. catubbidhasammappadhānavīriyindriYu....

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Upamātoti bhāro viya hi dukkhasaccaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, bhāranidānamiva ^1- samudayasaccaṃ, bhāranikkhepanamiva nirodhasaccaṃ, bhāranikkhepanupāyo viya maggasaccaṃ. Rogo viya ca dukkhasaccaṃ, roganidānamiva samudayasaccaṃ, rogavūpasamo ^2- viya nirodhasaccaṃ, bhesajjamiva maggasaccaṃ. Dubbhikkhamiva vā dukkhasaccaṃ, dubbuṭṭhi viya samudayasaccaṃ, subhikkhamiva nirodhasaccaṃ, suvuṭṭhi viya maggasaccaṃ. Apica verīveramūlaverasamugghātaverasamugghātu- pāyehi visarukkharukkhamūlamūlopacchedatadupacchedanupāyehi bhayabhayamūlanibbhayatadadhigamupāyehi orimatīramahoghapārimatīrataṃsampāpakavāyāmehi ca yojetvāpetāni upamāto veditabbānīti evamettha upamāto vinicchayo veditabbo. Catukkatoti atthi cettha dukkhaṃ na ariyasaccaṃ, atthi ariyasaccaṃ na dukkhaṃ, atthi dukkhañceva ariyasaccañca, atthi neva dukkhaṃ na ariyasaccaṃ. Esa nayo samudayādīsu. Tattha maggasampayuttā dhammā sāmaññaphalāni ca "yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhan"ti vacanato ^3- saṅkhāradukkhatāya dukkhaṃ na ariyasaccaṃ. Nirodho ariyasaccaṃ na dukkhaṃ. Itaraṃ pana ariyasaccadvayaṃ siyā dukkhaṃ aniccato. Na pana yassa pariññāya bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussati, tathattena. ^4- Sabbākārena pana upādānakkhandhapañcakaṃ dukkhañceva ariyasaccañca aññatra taṇhāya. Maggasampayuttā dhammā sāmaññaphalāni ca yassa pariññatthaṃ bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussati, tathattena neva dukkhaṃ na ariyasaccaṃ. Evaṃ samudayādīsupi yathāyogaṃ yojetvā catukkatopettha vinicchayo veditabbo. Suññatekavidhādīhīti ettha suññato tāva:- paramatthena hi sabbāneva saccāni vedakakārakanibbutagamakābhāvato suññānīti veditabbāni. Tenetaṃ vuccati:- "dukkhameva hi na koci dukkhito kārako na kiriyāva vijjati @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. bhārādānamiva ² cha.Ma. rogūpasamo @³ saṃ.kha. 17/15/19 ⁴ cha.Ma. tathatthena

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Atthi nibbuti na nibbuto pumā maggamatthi gamako na vijjatī"ti. Athavā dhuvasubhasukhattasuññaṃ purimadvayamattasuññamamatapadaṃ dhuvasukhaattavirahito maggo iti suññatā ^1- tesu. Nirodhasuññāni vā tīṇi, nirodho ca sesattayasuñño. Phalasuñño vā hettha hetu samudaye dukkhassābhāvato magge ca nirodhassa, na phalena sagabbho pakativādīnaṃ pakati viya. Hetusuññañca phalaṃ dukkhasamudayānaṃ nirodhamaggānañca asamavāyā, na hetusamavetaṃ phalaṃ ^2- hetuphalasamavāyavādīnaṃ dviaṇukādīni viya. Tenetaṃ vuccati:- tayamidha nirodhasuññaṃ tayena tenāpi nibbuti suññā suñño phalena hetu phalampi taṃ hetunā suññanti. Evaṃ tāva suññato vinicchayo veditabbo. Ekavidhādīhīti sabbameva cettha dukkhaṃ ekavidhaṃ pavattibhāvato, duvidhaṃ nāma rūpato, tividhaṃ kāmarūpārūpūpapattibhavabhedato, catubbidhaṃ catuāhārabhedato, pañcavidhaṃ pañcupādānakkhandhabhedato. Samudayopi ekavidho pavattakabhāvato, duvidho diṭṭhisampayuttāsampayuttato, tividho kāmabhavavibhavataṇhābhedato, catubbidho catumaggappaheyyato, pañcavidho rūpābhinandanādibhedato, chabbidho chataṇhākāyabhedato. Nirodhopi ekavidho asaṅkhatadhātubhāvato, pariyāyena pana duvidho saupādisesaanupādisesato, tividho bhavattayavūpasamato, catubbidho catumaggādhigamanīyato, pañcavidho pañcābhinandanavūpasamato, chabbidho chataṇhākāyakkhayabhedato. Maggopi ekavidho bhāvetabbato, duvidho samathavipassanābhedato dassanabhāvanābhedato vā, tividho @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. suññato ² cha.Ma. hetuphalaṃ

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Khandhattayabhedato. Ayaṃ hi sappadesattā nagaraṃ viya rajjena gahitaṃ ^1- nippadesehi tīhi khandhehi saṅgahito. Yathāha:- "na kho āvuso visākha ariyena aṭṭhaṅgikena maggena tayo khandhā saṅgahitā. Tīhi ca kho āvuso visākha khandhehi ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo saṅgahito. Yā cāvuso visākha sammāvācā, yo ca sammākammanto, yo ca sammāājīvo, ime dhammā sīlakkhandhena saṅgahitā. Yo ca sammāvāyāmo, yā ca sammāsati, yo ca sammāsamādhi, ime dhammā samādhikkhandhena saṅgahitā. Yā ca sammādiṭṭhi, yo ca sammāsaṅkappo, ime dhammā paññākkhandhena saṅgahitā"ti. ^2- Ettha hi sammāvācādayo tayo sīlameva. Tasmā te sajātito sīlakkhandhena saṅgahitā. Kiñcāpi hi pāliyaṃ sīlakkhandheti bhummena niddeso kato, attho pana karaṇavaseneva veditabbo. Sammāvāyāmādīsu pana tīsu samādhi attano dhammatāya ārammaṇe ekaggabhāvena appetuṃ na sakkoti, viriye pana paggahakiccaṃ sādhente satiyā ca apilāpanakiccaṃ sādhentiyā laddhūpakāro hutvā sakkoti. Tatrāyaṃ upamā:- yathā hi nakkhattaṃ kīḷissāmāti uyyānaṃ paviṭṭhesu tīsu sahāyesu eko supupphitaṃ campakarukkhaṃ disvā hatthaṃ ukkhipitvāpi gahetuṃ na sakkuṇeyya, athassa dutiyo onamitvā piṭṭhiṃ dadeyya. So tassa piṭṭhiyaṃ ṭhatvāpi kampamāno gahetuṃ na sakkuṇeyya, athassa itaro aṃsakūṭaṃ upanāmeyya. So ekassa piṭṭhiyaṃ ṭhatvā ekassa aṃsakūṭaṃ olambamāno ^3- yathāruciṃ pupphāni ocinitvā pilandhitvā nakkhattaṃ kīḷeyya. Evaṃ sampadamidaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ekato uyyānaṃ paviṭṭhā tayo sahāyā viya hi ekato jātā sammāvāyāmādayo tayo dhammā, supupphitacampako ^4- viya ārammaṇaṃ, hatthaṃ uk- khipitvāpi gahetuṃ asakkonto viya attano dhammatāya ārammaṇe ekaggabhāvena @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. ayaṃ pāṭho na dissati ² Ma.mū. 12/462/412 @³ cha.Ma. olubbha ⁴ cha.Ma. supupphitacampakarukkho

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Appetuṃ asakkonto samādhi, piṭṭhiṃ datvā onatasahāyo viya vāyāmo, aṃsakūṭaṃ datvā ṭhitasahāyo viya sati. Yathā tesu ekassa piṭṭhiyaṃ ṭhatvā ekassa aṃsakūṭaṃ olambamāno itaro yathāruciṃ pupphaṃ gahetuṃ sakkoti, evameva viriye paggahakiccaṃ sādhente satiyā ca apilāpanakiccaṃ sādhentiyā laddhūpakāro hutvā samādhi sakkoti ārammaṇe ekaggabhāvena appetuṃ. Tasmā samādhiyevettha sajātito samādhikkhandhena saṅgahito. Vāyāmasatiyo pana kiriyato saṅgahitā honti. Sammādiṭṭhisammāsaṅkappesupi paññā attano dhammatāya aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattāti ārammaṇaṃ nicchetuṃ na sakkoti, vitakke pana ākoṭetvā ākoṭetvā dente sakkoti. Kathaṃ? yathā hi heraññiko kahāpaṇaṃ hatthe ṭhapetvā sabbabhāgesu oloketukāmo samānopi na cakkhutaleneva parivattetuṃ sakkoti, aṅgulipabbehi pana parivattetvā parivattetvā ito cito ca oloketuṃ sakkoti, evameva na paññā attano dhammatāya aniccādivasena ārammaṇaṃ nicchetuṃ sakkoti, abhiniropanalakkhaṇena pana āhananapariyāhananarasena vitakkena ākoṭentena viya parivattentena viya ca ādāyādāya dinnameva nicchetuṃ sakkoti. Tasmā idhāpi sammādiṭṭhiyeva sajātito paññākkhandhena saṅgahitā. Sammāsaṅkappo pana kiriyato saṅgahito hoti. Iti imehi tīhi khandhehi maggo saṅgahaṃ gacchati. Tena vuttaṃ "tividho khandhattayabhedato"ti. Catubbidho sotāpattimaggādivasena. Apica sabbāneva saccāni ekavidhāni avitathattā abhiññeyyattā vā. Duvidhāni lokiyalokuttarato saṅkhatāsaṅkhatato ca. Tividhāni dassanabhāvanāhi pahātabbato apahātabbato nevapahātabbanāpahātabbato saṅkhatāsaṅkhatato ca. Catubbidhāni pariññeyyādibhedatoti evamettha ekavidhādīhi vinicchayo veditabbo. Sabhāgavisabhāgatoti sabbāneva ca saccāni aññamaññasabhāgāni avitathato attasuññato dukkarapaṭivedhato ca. Yathāha:-

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"taṃ kiṃ maññasi ānanda, katamaṃ nu kho dukkarataraṃ vā durabhisambhavataraṃ vā, yo dūratova sukhumena tālacchiggaḷena asanaṃ atipāteyya pokhānupokhaṃ ^1- avirādhitaṃ, yo vā satadhā ^2- bhinnassa vālassa koṭiyā koṭiṃ paṭivijjheyyāti. Etadeva bhante dukkaratarañceva durabhisambhavatarañca, yo vā satadhā bhinnassa vālassa koṭiyā koṭiṃ paṭivijjheyyāti. Athakho te ānanda duppaṭivijjhataraṃ paṭivijjhanti, ye idaṃ dukkhanti yathābhūtaṃ paṭivijjhanti .pe. Ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminīpaṭipadāti yathābhūtaṃ paṭivijjhantī"ti. ^3- Visabhāgāni salakkhaṇavavatthānato. Purimāni ca dve sabhāgāni duravagāhatthena gambhīrattā lokiyattā sāsavattā ca, visabhāgāni phalahetubhedato pariññeyyapahātabbato ca. Pacchimānipi dve sabhāgāni gambhīratthena duravagāhattā lokuttarattā anāsavattā ca, visabhāgāni visayavisayībhedato sacchikātabbabhāvetabbato ca. Paṭhamatatiyāni cāpi sabhāgāni phalāpadesato, visabhāgāni saṅkhatāsaṅkhatato. Dutiyacatutthāni cāpi sabhāgāni hetuapadesato, visabhāgāni ekantakusalākusalato. Paṭhamacatutthāni cāpi sabhāgāni saṅkhatato, visabhāgāni lokiyalokuttarato. Dutiyatatiyāni cāpi sabhāgāni nevasekkhānāsekkhabhāvato, visabhāgāni sārammaṇānārammaṇato:- "iti evaṃ pakārehi nayehi ca vicakkhaṇo vijaññā ariyasaccānaṃ sabhāgavisabhāgatan"ti. Suttantabhājanīyauddesavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. ------------------ 1. Dukkhasaccaniddesavaṇṇanā jātiniddesa [190] Idāni saṅkhepato uddiṭṭhāni dukkhādīni vibhajitvā dassetuṃ ayaṃ tattha katamaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ jātipi dukkhāti niddesavāro āraddho. Tattha @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. poṅkhānupoṅkhaṃ, ka. pokkhānupokkhaṃ ² cha. sattadhā @³ saṃ.Ma. 19/1115/394

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Jāti veditabbā, jātiyā dukkhaṭṭho veditabbo. Jarā, maraṇaṃ, soko, paridevo, dukkhaṃ, domanassaṃ, upāyāso, appiyasampayogo, piyavippayogo veditabbo. Appiyasampayogassa piyavippayogassa dukkhaṭṭho veditabbo, icchā veditabbā, icchāya dukkhaṭṭho veditabbo. Khandhā veditabbā, khandhānaṃ dukkhaṭṭho veditabbo. Tattha dukkhassa ariyasaccassa kathanatthāya ayaṃ mātikā:- idaṃ hi dukkhaṃ nāma anekannānappakārakaṃ. Seyyathīdaṃ? dukkhadukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadukkhaṃ saṅkhāradukkhaṃ paṭicchannadukkhaṃ appaṭicchannadukkhaṃ pariyāyadukkhaṃ nippariyāyadukkhanti. Tattha kāyikacetasikā dukkhā vedanā sabhāvato ca nāmato ca dukkhattā dukkhadukkhaṃ nāma. Sukhā vedanā vipariṇāmena dukkhuppattihetuto vipariṇāmadukkhaṃ nāma. Upekkhāvedanā ceva avasesā ca tebhūmikā saṅkhārā udayabbayapīḷitattā saṅkhāradukkhaṃ nāma. Tathā pīḷanampana maggaphalānampi atthi. Tasmā ete dhammā dukkhasaccapariyāpannattena saṅkhāradukkhaṃ nāmāti veditabbā. Kaṇṇasūladantasūlarāgajapariḷāhadosajapariḷāhādiko kāyikacetasikābādho pucchitvā jānitabbato upakkamassa ca apākaṭabhāvato paṭicchannadukkhaṃ nāma. Apākaṭadukkhantipi vuccati. Dvattiṃsakammakaraṇādisamuṭṭhāno ābādho apucchitvāva jānitabbato upakkamassa ca pākaṭabhāvato appaṭicchannadukkhaṃ nāma. Pākaṭadukkhantipi vuccati. Ṭhapetvā dukkhadukkhaṃ sesaṃ dukkhasaccavibhaṅge āgataṃ jātiādi sabbampi tassa tassa dukkhassa vatthubhāvato pariyāyadukkhaṃ nāma. Dukkhadukkhaṃ nippariyāyadukkhaṃ nāma. Tattha pariyāyadukkhaṃ nippariyāyadukkhanti imasmiṃ padadvaye ṭhatvā dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ kathetabbaṃ. Ariyasaccaṃ ca nāmetaṃ pāliyaṃ saṅkhepatopi āgacchati vitthāratopi. Saṅkhepato āgataṭṭhāne saṅkhepenapi vitthārenapi kathetuṃ vaṭṭati, vitthārato āgataṭṭhāne pana vitthāreneva kathetuṃ vaṭṭati, na saṅkhepena. Taṃ idaṃ imasmiṃ ṭhāne vitthārena āgatanti vitthāreneva kathetabbaṃ. Tasmā yantaṃ niddesavāre "tattha katamaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ, jātipi dukkhā"tiādīni padāni gahetvā

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"jāti veditabbā, jātiyā dukkhaṭṭho veditabbo"tiādi vuttaṃ, tattha jātiādīni tāva "tattha katamā jāti, yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jātī"ti ^1- imassa pana padabhājanīyassa vasena veditabbāni. [191] Tatrāyaṃ atthavaṇṇanā:- tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānanti ayaṃ saṅkhepato anekesaṃ sattānaṃ sādhāraṇaniddeso. Yā devadattassa jāti, yā somadattassāti ^2- evaṃ ^3- divasampi kathiyamāne neva sattā pariyādānaṃ gacchanti, na sabbaṃ aparatthadīpanaṃ sijjhati. Imehi pana dvīhi padehi na koci satto pariyādinno ^4- hoti, na kiñci aparatthadīpanaṃ na sijjhati. Tena vuttaṃ "yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānan"ti. Tamhi tamhīti ayaṃ gatijātivasena ^5- anekesaṃ sattanikāyānaṃ sādhāraṇaniddeso. Sattanikāyeti sattānaṃ nikāye, sattaghaṭāyaṃ sattasamūhetyattho. Jātīti ayaṃ jātisaddo anekattho. Tathā hesa "ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo"ti ^6- ettha bhave āgato. "atthi visākhe nigaṇṭhā nāma samaṇajātikā"ti ^7- ettha nikāye. "tiriyā nāma tiṇajāti nābhiyā uggantvā nabhaṃ āhacca ṭhitā ahosī"ti ^8- ettha paññattiyaṃ. "jāti dvīhi khandhehi saṅgahitā"ti ^9- ettha saṅkhatalakkhaṇe. "yaṃ bhikkhave mātu kucchismiṃ paṭhamaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ paṭhamaṃ viññāṇaṃ pātubhūtaṃ, tadupādāya sāvassa jātī"ti ^10- ettha paṭisandhiyaṃ, "sampatijāto ānanda bodhisatto"ti ^11- ettha pasūtiyaṃ. "anupakkuṭṭho jātivādenā"ti ^12- ettha kule. "yatohaṃ bhagini ariyāya jātiyā jāto"ti ^13- ettha ariyasīle. Idha panāyaṃ savikārakesu paṭhamābhinibbattakkhandhesu vaṭṭati. Tasmā jāyanakajātīti ^14- idamettha sabhāvapaccattaṃ. Sañjāyanavasena sañjātīti upasaggena padaṃ vaḍḍhitaṃ. Okkamanavasena okkanti. Jāyanaṭṭhena vā jāti. Sā aparipuṇṇāyatanavasena @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. jāti sañjātīti ² cha.Ma. somadattassa jātīti ³ cha.Ma. evañhi @⁴ cha.Ma. apariyādinno ⁵ Sī. jātigativasena @⁶ vinaYu. 1/12/5, Ma.Ma. 13/257/231 ⁷ aṅ. tika. 20/71/200 @⁸ aṅ. pañcaka. 22/196/268 (syā) ^9. abhi. 36/71/13 @¹⁰ vinaYu. 4/124/135 ¹¹ Ma.u. 14/207/173 @¹² dī.Sī. 9/331/129 ¹³ Ma.Ma. 13/351/335 @¹⁴ cha.Ma. jāyamānakavasena jātīti

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Yuttā. ^1- Sañjāyanaṭṭhena sañjāti. Sā paripuṇṇāyatanavasena yuttā. Okkamanaṭṭhena okkanti. Sā aṇḍajajalāmbujavasena yuttā. Te hi aṇḍakosañca vatthikosañca okkamanti. Okkamantāpi pavisantā viya ca ^2- paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhanti. Abhinibbattanaṭṭhena abhinibbatti. Sā saṃsedajopapātikavasena yuttā. Te hi pākaṭāyeva hutvā nibbattanti. Ayaṃ tāva sammatikathā. ^3- Idāni paramatthakathā hoti. Khandhāeva hi paramatthato pātubhavanti, na sattā. Tattha ca khandhānanti ekavokārabhave ekassa, catuvokārabhave catunnaṃ, pañcavokārabhave pañcannaṃ gahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ. Pātubhāvoti uppatti. Āyatanānanti ettha tatra tatra uppajjamānāyatanavasena saṅgaho veditabbo. Paṭilābhoti santatiyaṃ pātubhāvoyeva. Pātubhavantāniyeva hi tāni paṭiladdhāni nāma honti. Ayaṃ vuccati jātīti ayaṃ jāti nāma kathiyati. Sā panesā tattha tattha bhave paṭhamābhinibbattilakkhaṇā, niyyātanarasā, atītabhavato idha ummujjanapaccupaṭṭhānā phalavasena dukkhavicittatāpaccupaṭṭhānā vā. Idāni jātiyā dukkhaṭṭho veditabboti ayaṃ hi jāti sayaṃ na dukkhā, dukkhuppattiyā pana vatthubhāvena dukkhāti vuttā. Kataradukkhassa panāyaṃ vatthūti. Yantaṃ bālapaṇḍitasuttādīsu ^4- bhagavatāpi upamāvasena pakāsitaṃ āpāyikadukkhaṃ, yañca sugatiyaṃ manussaloke gabbhokkantimūlakādibhedaṃ dukkhaṃ uppajjati, tassa sabbassāpi esā vatthu. Tatridaṃ gabbhokkantimūlakādibhedaṃ dukakhaṃ:- ayaṃ hi satto mātu kucchimhi nibbattamāno na uppalapadumapuṇḍarīkādīsu nibbattati, athakho heṭṭhā āmāsayassa upari pakkāsayassa udarapaṭalapiṭṭhikaṇṭakānaṃ vemajjhe paramasambādhe tibbandhakāre nānākuṇapagandhaparibhāvite asuciparamaduggandhapavanavicarite adhimattajegucche kucchippadese pūtimacchapūtikummāsacandanikādīsu kimi viya nibbattati. So tattha nibbatto dasa māse mātu kucchisambhavena usmanā puṭapākaṃ viya @Footnote: ¹ Sī. vuttā ² cha.Ma. ca-saddo na dissati @³ cha.Ma. sammutikathā ⁴ Ma.u. 14/246/213 (ādito passitabbaṃ)

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Paccamāno piṭṭhapiṇḍi viya sediyamāno sammiñjanapasāraṇādirahito adhimattaṃ dukkhaṃ paccanubhotīti idaṃ tāva gabbhokkantimūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ. Yampana so mātu sahasā upakkhalanagamananisīdanavuṭṭhānaparivattanādīsu surādhuttahatthagato eḷakapotako ^1- viya ahituṇḍikahatthagato sappapotako viya ca ākaḍḍhanaparikaḍḍhanaodhunananiddhunanādinā upakkamena adhimattaṃ dukkhamanubhavati, yañca mātu sītūdakapānakāle sītanarakupapanno viya uṇhayāgubhattādiajjhoharaṇakāle aṅgāravuṭṭhisamparikiṇṇo viya loṇambilādiajjhoharaṇakāle khārapaṭicchakādi- kammakaraṇappatto viya tibbaṃ dukkhamanubhavati, ^2- idaṃ gabbhapariharaṇamūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ. Yaṃ panassa mūḷhagabbhāya mātuyā mittāmaccasuhajjādīhipi adassanārahe dukkhup- pattiṭṭhāne chedanaphālanādīhi dukkhaṃ uppajjati, idaṃ gabbhavipattimūlakaṃ dukakhaṃ. Yaṃ vijāyamānāya mātuyā kammajehi vātehi parivattetvā narakapapātaṃ viya atibhayānakaṃ yonimaggaṃ paṭipāṭiyamānassa narakasattassa viya ca saṅghāṭapabbatehi vicuṇṇiyamānassa dukkhaṃ uppajjati, idaṃ vijāyanamūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ. Yaṃ pana jātassa taruṇavaṇasadisassa sukumārasarīrassa hatthagahaṇanahāpanadhovanacoḷaparimajjanādikāle sūcimukhakhuradhārāhi vijjhanaphālanasadisaṃ dukkhaṃ uppajjati, idaṃ mātu kucchito bahi nikkhamanamūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ. Yaṃ tato paraṃ pavattiyaṃ attanāva attānaṃ vadhantassa aceḷakavattādivasena ātāpanaparitāpanānuyogamanuyuttassa kodhavasena abhuñjantassa ubbandhantassa ca dukkhaṃ hoti, idaṃ attūpakkamamūlakaṃ dukkhaṃ. Yaṃ pana parato vadhabandhanādīni anubhavantassa dukkhaṃ uppajjati, idaṃ parūpakkamamūlakaṃ dukkhanti. Iti imassa sabbassāpi dukkhassa ayaṃ jāti vatthumeva hoti. Tenetaṃ vuccati:- @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. eḷako ² cha.Ma. dukkhamanubhoti ³ cha.Ma. mahānāgassa

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"jāyetha no ce narakesu satto tatthaggidāhādikamappasayhaṃ labhetha dukkhaṃ na kuhiṃ patiṭṭhaṃ iccāha dukkhāti munīdha jātiṃ. Dukkhaṃ tiracchesu kasāpatoda- daṇḍābhighātādibhavaṃ anekaṃ yantaṃ kathaṃ tattha bhaveyya jātiṃ vinā tahiṃ jāti tatopi dukkhā. Petesu dukkhaṃ pana khuppipāsā- vātātapādippabhavaṃ vicittaṃ yasmā ajātassa na tattha atthi tasmāpi dukkhaṃ muni jātimāha. Tibbandhakāre ca asayhasīte lokantare yaṃ asuresu dukkhaṃ na taṃ bhave tattha na cassa jāti yato ayaṃ jāti tatopi dukkhā. Yañcāpi gūthanarake viya mātu gabbhe satto vasaṃ ciramato bahi nikkhamanañca pappoti dukkhamatighoramidampi natthi jātiṃ vinā itipi jātirayaṃ hi dukkhā. Kiṃ bhāsitena bahunā nanu yaṃ kuhiñci atthīdha kiñcirapi dukkhamidaṃ kadāci nevatthi jātivirahe yadato mahesi dukkhāti sabbapaṭhamaṃ imamāha jātin"ti.

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Jarāniddesa [192] Jarāniddese jarāti sabhāvapaccattaṃ. Jīraṇatāti ākāraniddeso. Khaṇḍiccantiādayo tayo kālātikkame kiccaniddesā, pacchimā dve pakatiniddesā. Ayaṃ hi jarāti iminā padena sabhāvato dīpitā, tenassā idaṃ sabhāvapaccattaṃ. Jīraṇatāti iminā ākārato. Tenassāyaṃ ākāraniddeso. Khaṇḍiccanti iminā kālātikkame dantanakhānaṃ khaṇḍitabhāvakaraṇakiccato. Pāliccanti iminā kesalomānaṃ palitabhāvakaraṇakiccato. Valittacatāti iminā maṃsaṃ milāpetvā tace valitabhāvakaraṇakiccato dīpitā. Tenassā ime khaṇḍiccantiādayo tayo kālātikkame kiccaniddesā. Tehi imesaṃ vikārānaṃ dassanavasena pākaṭībhūtāti pākaṭajarā dassitā. Yatheva hi udakassa vā vātassa vā aggino vā tiṇarukkhādīnaṃ saṃbhaggapalibhaggatāya vā jhāmatāya vā gatamaggo pākaṭo hoti, na ca so gatamaggo tāneva udakādīni, evameva jarāya dantādīsu khaṇḍiccādivasena gatamaggo pākaṭo, cakkhuṃ ummiletvāpi gayhati. Na ca khaṇḍiccādīneva jaRā. Na hi jarā cakkhuviññeyyā hoti. Āyuno saṃhāni indriyānaṃ paripākoti imehi pana padehi kālātikkameyeva abhibyattāya āyukkhayacakkhvādiindriyaparipākasaṅkhātāya pakatiyā dīpitā, tenassime pacchimā dve pakatiniddesāti veditabbā. Tattha yasmā jaraṃ pattassāyu hāyati. Tasmā jarā "āyuno saṃhānī"ti phalūpacārena vuttā. Yasmā ca ^1- daharakāle supasannāni sukhumampi attano visayaṃ sukheneva gaṇhanasamatthāni cakkhvādīni indriyāni jaraṃ pattassa paripakkāni āluḷitāni avisadāni, oḷārikampi attano visayaṃ gahetuṃ asamatthāni honti, tasmā "indriyānaṃ paripāko"ti phalūpacāreneva vuttā. Sā panesā evaṃ niddiṭṭhā sabbāpi jarā pākaṭā paṭicchannāti duvidhā hoti. Tattha dantādīsu khaṇḍādibhāvadassanato rūpadhammesu jarā pākaṭajarā nāma, @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. ca-saddo na dissati

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Arūpadhammesu pana jarā tādisassa vikārassa adassanato paṭicchannajarā nāma. Tattha yvāyaṃ khaṇḍādibhāvo dissati, so tādisānaṃ dantādīnaṃ suviññeyyattā vaṇṇoyeva, taṃ cakkhunā disvā manodvārena cintetvā "ime khandhā ^1- jarāya pahaṭā"ti jaraṃ jānāti udakaṭṭhāne bandhāni gosiṅgādīni oloketvā heṭṭhā udakassa atthibhāvaṃ jānanaṃ viya. Puna avīci savīcīti evampi ayaṃ jarā duvidhā hoti. Tattha maṇikanakarajatapavāḷacandimasuriyādīnaṃ mandadasakādīsu pāṇīnaṃ viya ca pupphaphalapallavādīsu apāṇīnaṃ viya ca antarantarā vaṇṇavisesādīnaṃ duviññeyyattā jarā avīcijarā nāma, nirantarajarāti attho. Tato aññesu pana yathāvuttesu antarantarā vaṇṇavisesādīnaṃ suviññeyyattā jarā savīcijarā nāma. Tattha savīcijarā upādinnānupādinnakavasena evaṃ veditabbā 2-:- daharakumārakānaṃ hi paṭhamameva khīradantā nāma uṭṭhahanti, na te thiRā. Tesu pana patitesu puna dantā uṭṭhahanti. Te paṭhamameva setā honti, jarāvātena pana pahaṭakāle kāḷakā honti. Kesā pana paṭhamameva tambāpi honti kāḷakāpi setāpi. Chavi pana salohitikā hoti. Vaḍḍhantānaṃ vaḍḍhantānaṃ odātānaṃ odātabhāvo kāḷakānaṃ kāḷakabhāvo paññāyati. Jarāvātena pana pahaṭakāle valiṃ gaṇhāti. Sabbampi sassaṃ vāpitakāle ^3- setaṃ hoti, pacchā nīlaṃ. Jarāvātena pana pahaṭakāle paṇḍukaṃ hoti. Ambaṅkurenāpi dīpetuṃ vaṭṭatieva. Ayaṃ vuccati jarāti ayaṃ jarā nāma kathiyati. Sā panesā khandhaparipākalakkhaṇā, maraṇūpanayanarasā, yobbanavināsapaccupaṭṭhānā. Jarāya dukkhaṭṭho veditabboti ettha pana ayampi jarā ^4- sayaṃ na dukkhā, dukkhassa pana vatthubhāvena dukkhāti vuttā. Kataradukkhassa? kāyadukkhassa ceva domanassadukkhassa ca. Jiṇṇassa hi attabhāvo jarasakaṭaṃ viya dubbalo hoti, @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. dantā ² cha.Ma. dīpetabbā @³ cha.Ma. vapitakāle ⁴ cha.Ma. ayaṃ pāṭho na dissati

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Ṭhātuṃ vā gantuṃ vā nisīdituṃ vā vāyamantassa balavakāyadukkhaṃ uppajjati. Puttadāre yathāpure asallakkhente domanassaṃ uppajjati. Iti imesaṃ dvinnaṃ dukkhānaṃ vatthubhāvena dukkhāti veditabbā. Apica:- aṅgānaṃ sithilabhāvā indriyānaṃ vikārato yobbanassa vināsena balassa upaghātato. Vippavāsā satādīnaṃ puttadārehi attano appasādanīyato ceva bhiyyo bālattapattiyā. Pappoti dukkhaṃ yaṃ macco kāyikaṃ mānasaṃ tathā sabbametaṃ jarāhetu yasmā tasmā jarā dukkhāti. Maraṇaniddesa [193] Maraṇaniddese cavanakavasena cuti, ekacatupañcakkhandhāya cutiyā sāmaññavacanametaṃ. Cavanatāti bhāvavacanena lakkhaṇanidassanaṃ. Bhedoti cutikhandhānaṃ ^1- bhaṅguppattiparidīpanaṃ. Antaradhānanti ghaṭassa viya bhinnassa bhinnānaṃ cutikhandhānaṃ yena kenaci pariyāyena ṭhānābhāvaparidīpanaṃ. Maccu maraṇanti maccusaṅkhātaṃ maraṇaṃ. Kālo nāma antako, tassa kiriyā kālakiriyā. Ettāvatā sammatiyā maraṇaṃ dīpitaṃ hoti. Idāni paramatthena niyametuṃ ^2- khandhānaṃ bhedotiādimāha. Paramatthena hi khandhāyeva bhijjanti, na satto nāma koci marati. Khandhesu pana bhijjamānesu satto marati, bhinnesu matoti vohāro hoti. Ettha ca catupañcavokāravasena khandhānaṃ bhedo, ekavokāravasena kaḷevarassa nikkhePo. Catuvokāravasena vā khandhānaṃ bhedo, sesadvayavasena kaḷevarassa nikkhepo veditabbo. Kasmā? bhavadvayepi rūpakāyasaṅkhātassa kaḷevarassa sambhavato. ^3- Yasmā vā @Footnote: ¹ Ma. khandhānaṃ ² cha.Ma. dīpetuṃ ³ cha.Ma. sabbhāvato

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Cātumahārājikādīsu khandhā bhijjanteva, na kiñci nikkhipati, tasmā tesaṃ vasena khandhānaṃ bhedo. Manussādīsu kaḷevarassa nikkhePo. Ettha ca kaḷevarassa nikkhepakāraṇato maraṇaṃ "kaḷevarassa nikkhepo"ti vuttaṃ. Jīvitindriyassa upacchedoti iminā indriyapaṭibaddhasseva maraṇaṃ nāma hoti, anindriyabaddhassa maraṇaṃ nāma natthīti dasseti. "sassaṃ mataṃ, rukkho mato"ti idaṃ pana vohāramattameva. Atthato pana evarūpāni vacanāni sassādīnaṃ khayavayabhāvameva dīpenti. Idaṃ vuccati maraṇanti idaṃ sabbampi maraṇaṃ nāma kathiyati. Apicettha khaṇikamaraṇaṃ sammatimaraṇaṃ samucchedamaraṇanti ayampi bhedo veditabbo. Tattha khaṇikamaraṇaṃ nāma pavatte rūpārūpadhammānaṃ bhedo. Tisso mato, pusso ^1- matoti idaṃ sammatimaraṇaṃ nāma. Khīṇāsavassa appaṭisandhikā kālakiriyā samucchedamaraṇaṃ nāma. Imasmiṃ panatthe sammatimaraṇaṃ adhippetaṃ. Jātipaccayamaraṇaṃ ^2- upakkamamaraṇaṃ sarasamaraṇaṃ āyukkhayamaraṇantipi tasseva nāmaṃ. Tayidaṃ cutilakkhaṇaṃ, viyogarasaṃ, vippavāsapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ. Maraṇassa dukkhaṭṭho veditabboti ettha pana idampi sayaṃ na dukkhaṃ, dukkhassa pana vatthubhāvena dukkhanti vuttaṃ. Māraṇantikāpi hi sārīrikā vedanā paṭivāte gahitā ādittatiṇukkā viya sarīraṃ dahanti. ^3- Narakanimittādīnaṃ upaṭṭhahanakāle balavadomanassaṃ uppajjati. Iti imesaṃ dvinnampi dukkhānaṃ vatthubhāvena dukkhanti veditabbaṃ. Apica:- "pāpassa pāpakammādi- nimittamanupassato bhaddassāpasahantassa viyogaṃ piyavatthukaṃ. Mīyamānassa yaṃ dukkhaṃ mānasaṃ avisesato sabbesañcāpi yaṃ sandhi- bandhanacchedanādikaṃ. @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. phusso ² cha.Ma. jātikkhayamaraṇaṃ ³ cha.Ma. nidahanti

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Vitujjamānadhammānaṃ ^1- hoti dukkhaṃ sarīrajaṃ asayhamappaṭikāraṃ dukkhassetassidaṃ yato maraṇaṃ vatthu tenetaṃ dukkhamicceva bhāsitan"ti. Apica imāni jātijarāmaraṇāni nāma imesaṃ sattānaṃ vadhakapaccāmittā viya otāraṃ gavesantāni vicaranti. Yathā hi purisassa tīsu paccāmittesu otārāpekkhesu vicarantesu eko vadeyya "ahaṃ asukaaraññassa nāma vaṇṇaṃ kathetvā etaṃ ādāya tattha gamissāmi, ettha mayhaṃ dukkaraṃ natthī"ti. Dutiyo vadeyya "ahaṃ tava etaṃ gahetvā gatakāle pothetvā dubbalaṃ karissāmi, ettha mayhaṃ dukkaraṃ natthī"ti. Tatiyo vadeyya "tayā etasmiṃ pothetvā dubbale kate tiṇhena asinā sīsacchedanaṃ nāma mayhaṃ bhāro hotū"ti te evaṃ vatvā tathā kareyyuṃ. Tattha paṭhamapaccāmittassa araññavaṇṇaṃ kathetvā taṃ ādāya tattha gatakālo viya suhajjañātimaṇḍalato nikkaḍḍhitvā yattha katthaci nibbattāpanaṃ nāma jātiyā kiccaṃ, dutiyassa pothetvā dubbalīkaraṇaṃ ^2- viya nibbattakkhandhesu nipatitvā parādhīnamañcaparāyanabhāvakaraṇaṃ jarāya kiccaṃ, tatiyassa tiṇhena asinā sīsacchedanaṃ viya jīvitakkhayapāpanaṃ maraṇassa kiccanti veditabbaṃ. Apicettha jātidukkhaṃ sādīnavamahākantārappaveso viya daṭṭhabbaṃ, jarādukkhaṃ tattha annapānarahitassa dubbalyaṃ ^3- viya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Maraṇadukkhaṃ dubbalassa iriyāpathapavattane vihataparakkamassa bandhādīhi ^4- anayabyasanāpādanaṃ viya daṭṭhabbanti. Sokaniddesa [194] Sokaniddese viyasatīti ^5- byasanaṃ. Hitasukhaṃ khipati viddhaṃsetītyattho. Ñātīnaṃ byasanaṃ ñātibyasanaṃ, corarogabhayādīhi ñātikkhayo ñātivināsotyattho. @Footnote: ¹ cha. vitujjamānamammānaṃ ² cha.Ma. dubbalakaraṇaṃ ³ cha.Ma. dubbalaṃ @⁴ cha.Ma. vāḷādīhi ⁵ cha.Ma. byasatīti. evamuparipi

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Tena ñātibyasanena. Phuṭṭhassāti ajjhotthatassa, abhibhūtassa samannāgatassāti attho. Sesesupi eseva nayo. Ayampana viseso:- bhogānaṃ byasanaṃ bhogabyasanaṃ, rājacorādivasena bhogakkhayo bhogavināsotyattho. Rogoyeva byasanaṃ rogabyasanaṃ. Rogo hi ārogyaṃ viyasati vināsetīti byasanaṃ. Sīlassa byasanaṃ sīlabyasanaṃ. Dussīlyassetaṃ nāmaṃ. Sammādiṭṭhiṃ vināsayamānā uppannā diṭṭhieva byasanaṃ diṭṭhibyasanaṃ. Ettha ca purimāni dve anipphannāni, pacchimāni tīṇi nipphannāni tilakkhaṇabbhāhatāni. Purimānipi ^1- tīṇi neva kusalāni na akusalāni, sīladiṭṭhibyasanadvayaṃ akusalaṃ. Aññataraññatarenāti gahitesu vā yena kenaci aggahitesu vā mittāmaccabyasanādīsu yena kenaci. Samannāgatassāti samanubandhassa aparimuccamānassa. Aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammenāti yena kenaci sokadukkhassa uppattihetunā. Sokoti socanavasena ^2- soko. Idaṃ etehi kāraṇehi uppajjanakasokassa sabhāvapaccattaṃ. Socanāti socanākāro. Socitattanti socitabhāvo. Antosokoti abbhantare soko. Dutiyapadaṃ upasaggena vaḍḍhitaṃ. So hi abbhantaraṃ sukkhāpento parisukkhāpento ^3- uppajjatīti "antosoko antoparisoko"ti vuccati. Cetaso parijjhāyanāti cittassa jhāyanākāro. Soko hi uppajjamāno ativiya ^4- cittaṃ jhāpeti dahati, ^5- "cittaṃ me jhāmaṃ, na me kiñci paṭibhātī"ti vadāpeti. Dukkhito mano dummano, tassa bhāvo domanassaṃ. Anupaviṭṭhaṭṭhena sokova sallanti sokasallaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati sokoti ayaṃ soko nāma kathiyati. So panāyaṃ kiñcāpi atthato domanassavedanāva hoti, evaṃ santepi anto nijjhāyanalakkhaṇo, cetaso parinijjhāyanaraso, anusocanapaccupaṭṭhāno. @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. purimāni ca ² cha.Ma. socanakavasena @³ cha.Ma. abbhantare sukkhāpento viya parisukkhāpento viya ⁴ cha.Ma. aggi viya @⁵ cha.Ma. paridahati

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Sokassa dukkhaṭṭho veditabboti ettha pana ayaṃ sabhāvadukkhattā ceva dukkhassa ca vatthubhāvena dukkhoti vutto. Kataradukkhassa ^1-? kāyadukkhassa ceva javanakkhaṇe ca domanassadukkhassa. Sokavegena hi hadaye vā mahāgaṇḍo uṭṭhahitvā paripaccitvā bhijjati, mukhato vā kāḷalohitaṃ nikkhamati, balavakāyadukkhaṃ uppajjati. "ettakā me ñātayo khayaṃ gatā, ettakā me bhogā"ti cintentassa ca balavadomanassaṃ uppajjati. Iti imesaṃ dvinnaṃ dukkhānaṃ vatthubhāvenapesa dukkhoti veditabbo. Apica:- sattānaṃ hadayaṃ soko sallaṃ viya vitujjati aggitattova nārāco bhusañca uhate ^2- puna. Samāvahati ca byādhi- jarāmaraṇabhedanaṃ dukkhampi vividhaṃ yasmā tasmā dukkhoti vuccatīti. Paridevaniddesa [195] Paridevaniddese "mayhaṃ dhītā mayhaṃ putto"ti evaṃ ādissa ādissa devanti rodanti etenāti ādevo. Taṃ taṃ vaṇṇaṃ parikittetvā ^3- devanti etenāti paridevo. Tato parāni dve dve padāni purimadvayasseva ākārabhāvaniddesavasena vuttāni. Vācāti vacanaṃ. Palāpoti tucchaniratthakavacanaṃ. Upaḍḍhabhaṇitaaññabhaṇitādivasena virūpo palāpoti ^4- vippalāPo. Lālapoti punappunaṃ lapanaṃ. Lālappanākāro lālappanā. Lālappitassa bhāvo lālappitattaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati paridevoti ayaṃ paridevo nāma kathiyati. So lālappanalakkhaṇo, guṇadosaparikittanaraso, sambhamapaccupaṭṭhāno. @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. kataradukkhassāti ² cha.Ma. ḍahate @³ parikittetvā parikittetvā ⁴ cha.Ma. iti-saddo na dissati

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Paridevassa dukkhaṭṭho veditabboti ettha pana ayampi sayaṃ na dukkho, kāyadukkhadomanassadukkhānaṃ pana vatthubhāvena dukkhoti vutto. Paridevanto hi attano khandhaṃ muṭṭhīhi potheti, ubhohi hatthehi uraṃ paharati piṃsati, ^1- sīsena bhittiyā saddhiṃ yujjhati. Tenassa balavakāyadukkhaṃ uppajjati, "ettakā me ñātayo khayaṃ vayaṃ abbhatthaṃ gatā"tiādīni cinteti, tenassa balavadomanassaṃ uppajjati. Iti imesaṃ dvinnampi dukkhānaṃ vatthubhāvena dukkhoti veditabbo. Apica:- yaṃ sokasallavihato paridevamāno kaṇṭhoṭṭhatālutalasosajamappasayhaṃ ^2- bhiyyodhimattamadhigacchatiyeva dukkhaṃ dukkhoti tena bhagavā paridevamāhāti. Dukkhadomanassaniddesa [196-7] Dukkhadomanassaniddesā heṭṭhā dhammasaṅgahaṭṭhakathāyaṃ ^3- vaṇṇitattā pākaṭāeva. Lakkhaṇādīni pana nesaṃ tattha vuttāneva. "dukkhassa dukkhaṭṭho veditabbo, domanassassa dukkhaṭṭho veditabbo"ti ettha pana ubhayampetaṃ sayañca dukkhattā kāyikacetasikadukkhānañca vatthubhāvena dukkhanti vuttaṃ. Hatthapādānaṃ hi kaṇṇanāsikānañca chedanadukkhena dukkhitassa anāthasālāyaṃ ucchiṭṭhakapālaṃ purato katvā nipannassa vaṇamukhehi puḷuvesu ^4- nikkhamantesu balavakāyadukkhaṃ uppajjati. Nānāraṅgarattavatthaṃ manuññālaṅkāraṃ nakkhattaṃ kīḷantaṃ mahājanaṃ disvā balavadomanassaṃ uppajjati. Evaṃ tāva dukkhassa dvinnampi dukkhānaṃ vatthubhāvo veditabbo. Apica:- @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. pisati ² Sī.....tālugalasosajamappasayhaṃ @³ saṅgaṇī. A. 1/413/314 ⁴ cha.Ma. puḷuvakesu

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Pīḷeti kāyikamidaṃ dukkhaṃ dukkhañca mānasaṃ bhiyyo janayati yasmā tasmā dukkhanti visesatoti. ^1- Cetodukkhasamappitā pana kese pakiriya urāni patipiṃsenti ^2- āvaṭṭanti vivaṭṭanti, chinnapapātaṃ papatanti, satthaṃ āharanti, visaṃ khādanti, rajjuyā ubbandhanti, aggiṃ pavisanti. Taṃ taṃ viparītaṃ vatthuṃ tathā tathā vippaṭisārino pariḍayhamānacittā cintenti. Evaṃ domanassassa ubhinnaṃ dukkhānaṃ vatthubhāvo veditabbo. Apica:- pīḷeti yato cittaṃ kāyassa ca pīḷanaṃ samāvahati dukkhanti domanassampi domanassaṃ tato āhūti. Upāyāsaniddesa [198] Upāyāsaniddese āyāsanaṭṭhena āyāso. Saṃsīdanavisīdanākārappavattassa cittakilamathassetaṃ nāmaṃ. Balavaāyāso upāyāso. Āyāsitassa bhāvo āyāsitattaṃ. Upāyāsitassa bhāvo upāyāsitattaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati upāyāsoti ayaṃ upāyāso nāma kathiyati. So panesa byāsattilakkhaṇo, nitthunanaraso, visādapaccupaṭṭhāno. Upāyāsassa dukkhaṭṭho veditabboti ettha pana ayampi sayaṃ na dukkho, ubhinnampi pana ^3- dukkhānaṃ vatthubhāvena dukkhoti vutto. Kupitena hi raññā issariyaṃ acchinditvā hataputtabhātikānaṃ āṇattavadhānaṃ bhayena aṭaviṃ pavisitvā nilīnānaṃ mahāvisādappattānaṃ dukkhaṭṭhānena dukkhaseyyāya dukkhanisajjāya balavakāyadukkhaṃ uppajjati, "ettakā no ñātakā ettakā bhogā naṭṭhā"ti cintentānaṃ balavadomanassaṃ uppajjati. Iti imesaṃ dvinnampi dukkhānaṃ vatthubhāvena dukkhoti veditabbo. ^4- Apica:- @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. visesato vuttanti ² cha.Ma. patipisanti @³ cha.Ma. ayaṃ saddo na dissati ⁴ cha.Ma. veditabboti

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Cittassa paridahanā kāyassa ca visādanā adhimattaṃ yaṃ dukkhamupāyāso janeti dukkho tato vuttoti. Ettha ca mandagginā antobhājaneyeva telādīnaṃ pāko viya soko, tikkhagginā paccamānassa bhājanato bahi nikkhamanaṃ viya paridevo, bahi nikkhantāvasesassa nikkhamitumpi appahontassa antobhājaneyeva yāva parikkhayā pāko viya upāyāso daṭṭhabbo. Appiyasampayoganiddesa [199] Appiyasampayoganiddese yassāti ye assa. Aniṭṭhāti apariyesitā. Pariyesitā vā hontu apariyesitā vā, apariyesitabbānaṃ ^1- nāmaṃ cetaṃ ^2- amanāpārammaṇānaṃ. Manasmiṃ na kamanti na pavisantīti akantā. Manasmiṃ na appiyanti, na vā manaṃ vaḍḍhentīti amanāpā. Rūpātiādi tesaṃ sabhāvanidassanaṃ. Anatthaṃ kāmenti icchantīti anatthakāmā. Ahitaṃ kāmenti icchantīti ahitakāmā. Aphāsuṃ dukkhavihāraṃ kāmenti icchantīti aphāsukakāmā. Catūhi yogehi khemaṃ nibbhayaṃ vivaṭṭaṃ na icchanti, sabhayaṃ vaṭṭameva nesaṃ kāmenti icchantīti ayogakkhemakāmā. Apica saddhādīnaṃ vuddhisaṅkhātassa atthassa akāmanato tesaṃyeva hānisaṅkhātassa anatthassa ca kāmanato anatthakāmā. Saddhādīnaṃyeva upāyabhūtassa hitassa akāmanato saddhāhāniādīnaṃ upāyabhūtassa ahitassa ca kāmanato ahitakāmā. Phāsuvihārassa ^3- akāmanato aphāsuvihārassa ca kāmanato aphāsukakāmā. Yassa kassaci nibbhayassa akāmanato bhayassa ca kāmanato ayogakkhemakāmāti evamettha ^4- attho daṭṭhabbo. @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. ayaṃ pāṭho na dissati ² cha.Ma. nāmevetaṃ @³ cha.Ma. phāsukavihārassa ⁴ cha.Ma. evampettha

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Saṅgatīti gantvā saṃyogo. Samāgamoti āgatehi saṃyogo. Samodhānanti ṭhānanisajjādīsu sahabhāvo. Missībhāvoti sabbakiccānaṃ sahakaraṇaṃ. Ayaṃ sattavasena yojanā. Saṅkhāravasena pana yaṃ labbhati, taṃ gahetabbaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccatīti ayaṃ appiyasampayogo nāma kathiyati. So aniṭṭhasamodhānalakkhaṇo, cittavighātakaraṇaraso, anatthabhāvapaccupaṭṭhāno. So atthato eko dhammo nāma natthi, kevalaṃ appiyasampayuttānaṃ duvidhassāpi dukkhassa vatthubhāvato dukkhoti vutto. Aniṭṭhāni hi vatthūni samodhānagatāni vijjhanachedanaphālanādīhi kāyikampi dukkhaṃ uppādenti, ubbegajananato mānasampi. Tenetaṃ vuccati:- disvāva appiye dukkhaṃ paṭhamaṃ hoti cetasi tadupakkamasambhūta- matha kāye yato idha. Tato dukkhadvayassāpi vatthuto so mahesinā dukkho vuttoti viññeyyo appiyehi samāgamoti. Piyavippayoganiddesa [200] Piyavippayoganiddeso vuttapaṭipakkhanayeneva veditabbo. Mātā vātiādi panettha atthakāme sarūpena dassetuṃ vuttaṃ. Tattha mamāyatīti mātā. Piyāyatīti pitā. Bhajatīti bhātā. Tathā bhaginī. Mettāyantīti mittā. Minantīti vā mittā, sabbaguyhesu anto pakkhipantīti attho. Kiccakaraṇīyesu sahabhāvaṭṭhena amā hontīti amaccā. Ayaṃ amhākaṃ ajjhattikoti evaṃ jānanti, ñāyanti vāti ñātī. Lohitena sambandhāti sālohitā. Evametāni padāni atthato veditabbāni. Ayaṃ vuccatīti ayaṃ piyehi vippayogo nāma kathiyati. So iṭṭhavatthuviyogalakkhaṇo, sokuppādanaraso, byāsanapaccupaṭṭhāno. ^1- @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. byasana....

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So atthato eko dhammo nāma natthi, kevalaṃ piyavippayuttānaṃ duvidhassāpi dukkhassa vatthubhāvato dukkhoti vutto. Iṭṭhāni hi vatthūni viyujjamānāni sarīrassa sosanamilāpanādibhāvena kāyikampi dukkhaṃ uppādenti, yampi no ahosi, tampi no natthīti anusocanāpanato mānasampi. Tenetaṃ vuccati:- ñātidhanādiviyogā sokasarasamappitā vitujjanti bālā yato tato yaṃ dukkhoti mato piyavippayogoti. ^1- Icchāniddesa [201] Icchāniddese jātidhammānanti jātisabhāvānaṃ jātipakatikānaṃ. Icchā uppajjatīti taṇhā uppajjati. Aho vatāti patthanā. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbanti yaṃ etaṃ "aho vata mayaṃ na jātidhammā assāma, na ca vata no cāti āgaccheyyā"ti evaṃ pahīnasamudayesu sādhūsu vijjamānaṃ ajātidhammattaṃ parinibbutesu ca vijjamānaṃ jātiyā anāgamanaṃ icchitaṃ, taṃ icchantassāpi maggabhāvanāya vinā apattabbato anicchantassāpi ^2- ca maggabhāvanāya pattabbato na icchāya pattabbaṃ nāma hoti. Idampīti etampi. Upari visesāni ^3- upādāya pikāro. Yampicchanti yenapi dhammena alabbhaneyyavatthuṃ icchanto na labhati, taṃ alabbhaneyyavatthumhi icchanaṃ dukkhanti veditabbaṃ. Jarādhammānantiādīsupi eseva nayo. Evamettha alabbhaneyyavatthūsu icchāva "yampicchaṃ na labhati, tampi dukakhan"ti vuttā. Sā alabbhaneyyavatthuicchanalakkhaṇā, tappariyesanarasā, tesaṃ appattipaccupaṭṭhānā. Dvinnampi pana dukkhānaṃ vatthubhāvato dukkhāti vuttā. Ekacco hi rājā bhavissatīti sambhāvito hoti. So chinnabhinnagaṇena parivārito pabbatavisamaṃ vā vanagahanaṃ vā pavisati. Atha rājā taṃ pavattiṃ ñatvā balakāyaṃ pesesi. ^4- So @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. piyaviyogoti ² cha.Ma. anicchantassa ³ cha.Ma. sesāni @⁴ cha.Ma. peseti

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Rājapurisehi nihataparivāro sayampi laddhappahāro palāyamāno rukkhantaraṃ vā pāsāṇantaraṃ vā pavisati. Tasmiṃ samaye mahāmegho uṭṭhahati, tibbandhakārā kāḷavaddalikā hoti. Atha naṃ samantato kāḷakipillikādayo pāṇā parivāretvā gaṇhanti. Tenassa balavakāyadukkhaṃ uppajjati. Maṃ ekaṃ nissāya ettakā ñātī ca bhogā ca vinaṭṭhāti cintentassa balavadomanassaṃ uppajjati. Iti ayaṃ icchā imesaṃ dvinnampi dukkhānaṃ vatthubhāvena dukkhāti veditabbā. Apica:- taṃ taṃ patthayamānānaṃ tassa tassa alābhato yaṃ vighātamayaṃ dukkhaṃ sattānaṃ idha jāyati. Alabbhaneyyavatthūnaṃ patthanā tassa kāraṇaṃ yasmā tasmā jino dukkhaṃ icchitālābhamabravīti. Upādānakkhandhaniddesa [202] Upādānakkhandhassa niddese saṅkhittenāti desanaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Dukkhaṃ hi ettakāni dukkhasatānīti vā ettakāni dukkhasahassānīti vā ettakāni dukkhasatasahassānīti vā saṅkhipituṃ na sakkā, desanā pana sakkā. Tasmā "dukkhaṃ nāma aññaṃ kiñci natthi, saṅkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā"ti desanaṃ saṅkhipanto ^1- evamāha. Seyyathīdanti nipāto. Tassa te katame iti ceti attho. Rūpūpādānakkhandhotiādīnaṃ attho khandhavibhaṅge vaṇṇitoyeva. Khandhānaṃ dukkhaṭṭho veditabboti ettha pana:- jātippabhūtikaṃ dukkhaṃ yaṃ vuttaṃ idha tādinā avuttaṃ yañca taṃ sabbaṃ vinā ete na vijjati. Yasmā tasmā upādānak- khandhā saṅkhepato ime dukkhāti vuttā dukkhanta- desakena mahesinā. @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. saṅkhipento

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Tathā hi indanamiva pāvako, lakkhamiva paharaṇāni, gorūpamiva ḍaṃsamakasādayo, khettamiva lāvakā, gāmaṃ viya gāmaghātakā, upādānakkhandhapañcakameva jātiādayo nānappakārehi bādhayamānā tiṇalatādīni viya bhūmiyaṃ, pupphaphalapallavādīni viya rukkhesu, upādānakkhandhesuyeva nibbattanti. Upādānakkhandhānañca ādidukkhaṃ jāti, majjhe dukkhaṃ jarā, pariyosānadukkhaṃ maraṇaṃ, māraṇantikadukkhābhighātena pariḍayhanadukkhaṃ soko tadasahanato lālappanadukkhaṃ paridevo, tato dhātukkhobhasaṅkhātaaniṭṭhaphoṭṭhabbasamāyogato kāyassa ābādhanadukkhaṃ dukkhaṃ, tena bādhiyamānānaṃ puthujjanānaṃ tattha paṭighuppattito cetobādhanadukkhaṃ domanassaṃ, sokādivuḍḍhiyā janitavisādānaṃ anutthunanadukkhaṃ upāyāso, manorathavighātappattānaṃ icchāvighātadukkhaṃ icchitālābhoti evaṃ nānappakārato upaparikkhiyamānā upādānakkhandhāva dukkhāti yadetaṃ ekamekaṃ dassetvā vuccamānaṃ anekehi kappehi na sakkā asesato vattuṃ, taṃ sabbampi dukkhaṃ ekajalabindumhi sakalasamuddajalarasaṃ viya yesu kesuci pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu saṅkhipitvā dassetuṃ "saṅkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā"ti bhagavā avocāti. Dukkhasaccaniddesavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. ------------- 2. Samudayasaccaniddesavaṇṇanā [203] Samudayasaccaniddese yāyaṃ taṇhāti yā ayaṃ taṇhā. Ponobbhavikāti ^1- punabbhavakaraṇaṃ punobbhavo, punobbhavo sīlamassāti ponobbhavikā. Apica punabbhavaṃ deti, punabbhavāya saṃvattati, punappunaṃ bhave nibbattetīti ponobbhavikā. Sā panesā punabbhavassa dāyikāpi atthi adāyikāpi, punabbhavāya saṃvattanikāpi atthi asaṃvattanikāpi. Dinnāya paṭisandhiyā upadhivepakkamattāpi. Sā punabbhavaṃ @Footnote: ¹ Sī. ponobhavikā

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Dadamānāpi adadamānāpi punabbhavāya saṃvattamānāpi asaṃvattamānāpi dinnāya paṭisandhiyā upadhivepakkāpi ^1- ponobbhavikāevāti nāmaṃ labhati. Abhinandanasaṅkhātena nandirāgena saha gatāti nandirāgasahagatā. Nandirāgena saddhiṃ atthato ekattameva gatāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tatratatrābhinandinīti yatra yatra attabhāvo, tatratatrābhinandinī. Rūpādīsu vā ārammaṇesu tatratatrābhinandinī, rūpābhinandinī saddagandharasaphoṭṭhabbadhammābhinandinīti attho. Seyyathīdanti nipāto. Tassa sā katamāti ceti attho. Kāmataṇhāti kāme taṇhā kāmataṇhā. Pañcakāmaguṇikarāgassetaṃ nāmaṃ. ^2- Bhave taṇhā bhavataṇhā. Bhavapatthanāvasena uppannassa sassatadiṭṭhisahagatassa rūpārūpabhavarāgassa ca jhānanikantiyā cetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Vibhave taṇhā vibhavataṇhā. Ucchedadiṭṭhisahagatarāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Idāni tassā taṇhāya vatthuṃ vitthārato dassetuṃ sā kho panesātiādimāha. Tattha uppajjatīti jāyati. Nivisatīti punappunaṃ pavattivasena patiṭṭhahati. Yaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpanti yaṃ lokasmiṃ piyasabhāvañceva madhurasabhāvañca. Cakkhuṃ loketiādīsu lokasmiṃ hi cakkhvādīsu mamattena abhiniviṭṭhā sattā sampattiyaṃ patiṭṭhitā attano cakkhuṃ ādāsādīsu nimittaggahaṇānusārena vippasannapañcapasādaṃ suvaṇṇavimāne ugghāṭitamaṇisīhapañjaraṃ viya maññanti, sotaṃ rajatapanāḷikaṃ viya pāmaṅgasuttakaṃ viya ca maññanti, tuṅganāsāti laddhavohāraṃ ghānaṃ vaṭṭetvā ṭhapitaharitālavaṭṭiṃ viya maññanti, jivhaṃ rattakambalapaṭalaṃ viya mudusiniddhamadhurarasadaṃ maññanti, kāyaṃ sālayaṭṭhiṃ viya suvaṇṇatoraṇaṃ viya ca maññanti, manaṃ aññesaṃ manena asadisaṃ uḷāraṃ maññanti, rūpaṃ suvaṇṇakaṇṇikārapupphādivaṇṇaṃ viya, saddaṃ mattakaravikakokilamandadhamitamaṇivaṃsanigghosaṃ viya, attanā paṭiladdhāni catusamuṭṭhānikagandhārammaṇādīni "kassa aññassa evarūpāni atthī"ti maññanti, tesaṃ evaṃ maññamānānaṃ tāni cakkhvādīni piyarūpāni ceva sātarūpāni ca honti. Atha nesaṃ @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. upadhivepakkamattāpi ² cha.Ma. adhivacanaṃ

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Tattha anuppannā ceva taṇhā uppajjati, uppannā ca punappunaṃ pavattivasena nivisati. Tasmā bhagavā "cakkhuṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjatī"tiādimāha. Tattha uppajjamānāti yadā uppajjati, tadā ettha uppajjatīti attho. Esa nayo sabbatthāpīti. Samudayasaccaniddesavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. --------------- 3. Nirodhasaccaniddesavaṇṇanā [204] Nirodhasaccaniddese yo tassāyevā taṇhāyāti ettha "yo tasseva dukkhassā"ti vattabbe yasmā samudayanirodheneva dukkhaṃ nirujjhati, no aññathā. Yathāha:- "yathāpi mūle anupaddave daḷhe chinnopi rukkho punareva rūhati evampi taṇhānusaye anūhate nibbattate ^1- dukkhamidaṃ punappunan"ti. ^2- Tasmā taṃ dukkhanirodhaṃ dassento samudayanirodhena dassetuṃ evamāha. Sīhasamānavuttino hi tathāgatā, te dukkhaṃ nirodhentā dukkhanirodhañca dassentā hetumhi paṭipajjanti na phale. Suvānavuttino pana aññatitthiyā, te dukkhaṃ nirodhentā dukkhanirodhañca dassentā attakilamathānuyogena ceva tasseva ca desanāya phale paṭipajjanti na hetumhīti sīhasamānavuttitāya satthā hetumhi paṭipajjamāno yo tassāyevātiādimāha. Tattha tassāyevāti yā sā uppattinivesavasena heṭṭhā pakāsitā, tassāyeva. Asesavirāganirodhotiādīni sabbāni nibbānavevacanāneva. Nibbānaṃ hi āgamma @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. nibbattatī ² khu.dha. 25/338/75

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Taṇhā asesā virajjati nirujjhati, tasmā taṃ "tassāyeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodho"ti vuccati. Nibbānañca āgamma taṇhā cajiyati paṭinissajjiyati muccati na allīyati, tasmā nibbānaṃ "cāgo paṭinissaggo mutti anālayo"ti vuccati. Ekameva hi nibbānaṃ, nāmāni panassa sabbasaṅkhatānaṃ nāmapaṭipakkhavasena anekāni nibbānavevacanāneva honti. Seyyathīdaṃ? asesato virāgo nirodho ^1- cāgo paṭinissaggo mutti anālayo rāgakkhayo dosakkhayo mohakkhayo taṇhakkhayo anuppādo appavattaṃ animittaṃ appaṇihitaṃ anāyūhanaṃ appaṭisandhi appaṭivatti ^2- agati ajātaṃ ajaraṃ abyādhi amataṃ asokaṃ aparidevaṃ anupāyāsaṃ asaṅkiliṭṭhantiādīni. Idāni maggena chinnāya nibbānaṃ āgamma appavattiṃ pattāyapi ca taṇhāya yesu vatthūsu tassā uppatti dassitā, tattheva abhāvaṃ dassetuṃ sā kho panesātiādimāha. Tattha yathā puriso khette jātaṃ tittaṃ alābuvalliṃ disvā aggato paṭṭhāya mūlaṃ pariyesitvā chindeyya, sā anupubbena milāyitvā apaññattiṃ gaccheyya. Tato tasmiṃ khette tittaalābu niruddhā pahīnāti vucceyya, evameva khette tittaalābu viya cakkhvādīsu taṇhā. Sā ariyamaggena mūle chinnā nibbānaṃ āgamma appavattiṃ gacchati. ^3- Evaṃ gatā pana tesu vatthūsu khette tittaalābu viya na paññāyati. Yathā ca aṭavito core ānetvā nagarassa dakkhiṇadvāre ghāteyyuṃ, tato aṭaviyaṃ corā matāti vā māritāti vā vucceyyuṃ, evameva aṭaviyaṃ corā viya yā cakkhvādīsu taṇhā, sā dakkhiṇadvāre corā viya nibbānaṃ āgamma niruddhattā nibbāne niruddhā. Evaṃ niruddhā pana tesu vatthūsu aṭaviyaṃ corā viya na paññāyati. Tenassā tattheva nirodhaṃ ^4- dassento "cakkhuṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati. Ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhatī"tiādimāha. Sesamettha uttānatthamevāti. Nirodhasaccaniddesavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. asesavirāganirodho ² cha.Ma. anupapatti @⁴ cha.Ma. niruddhaṃ ³ Ma. gaccheyya

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4. Maggasaccaniddesavaṇṇanā [205] Maggasaccaniddese ayamevāti aññamaggapaṭikkhepanatthaṃ niyamanaṃ. Ariyoti taṃtaṃmaggavajjhehi kilesehi ārakattā ariyabhāvakarattā ariyaphalapaṭilābhakarattā ca ariyo. Aṭṭha aṅgāni assāti aṭṭhaṅgiko. Svāyaṃ caturaṅgikā viya senā pañcaṅgikaṃ viya turiyaṃ aṅgamattameva hoti, aṅgavinimutto natthi. Nibbānatthikehi maggiyati, nibbānaṃ vā maggati, kilese vā mārento gacchatīti maggo. Seyyathīdanti so katamoti ceti attho. Idāni aṅgamattameva maggo hoti, aṅgavinimutto natthīti dassento sammādiṭṭhi .pe. Sammāsamādhīti āha. Tattha sammā dassanalakkhaṇā sammādiṭṭhi. Sammā abhiniropanalakkhaṇo sammāsaṅkapPo. Sammā pariggahalakkhaṇā sammāvācā. Sammā samuṭṭhāpanalakkhaṇo sammākammanto. Sammā vodānalakkhaṇo ^1- sammāājīvo. Sammā paggahalakkhaṇo sammāvāyāmo. Sammā upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇā sammāsati. Sammā samādhānalakkhaṇo sammāsamādhi. Tesu ca ekekassa tīṇi tīṇi kiccāni honti. Seyyathīdaṃ? sammādiṭṭhi Tāva aññehipi attano paccanīkakilesehi saddhiṃ micchādiṭṭhiṃ pajahati, nirodhaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karoti. Sampayuttadhamme ca passati tappaṭicchādakamohavidhamanavasena asammohato. Sammāsaṅkappādayopi tatheva micchāsaṅkappādīni ca pajahanti, nirodhañca ārammaṇaṃ karonti. Visesato panettha sammāsaṅkappo sahajātadhamme abhiniropeti, sammāvācā sammā pariggaṇhāti, sammākammanto sammā samuṭṭhāpeti, sammāājīvo sammā vodāpeti, sammāvāyāmo sammā paggaṇhāti, sammāsati sammā upaṭṭhāti, sammāsamādhi sammā padahati. Apicesā sammādiṭṭhi nāma pubbabhāge nānākkhaṇā nānārammaṇā hoti, maggakāle ekakkhaṇā ekārammaṇā. Kiccato pana dukkhe ñāṇantiādīni cattāri @Footnote: ¹ Ma. vodāpanalakkhaṇo

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Nāmāni labhati. Sammāsaṅkappādayopi pubbabhāge nānākkhaṇā nānārammaṇā honti, maggakāle ekakkhaṇā ekārammaṇā. Tesu sammāsaṅkappo kiccato nekkhammasaṅkappotiādīni tīṇi nāmāni labhati. Sammāvācādayo tayo pubbabhāge nānākkhaṇā nānārammaṇā viratiyopi honti cetanāyopi, maggakkhaṇe pana viratiyova. Sammāvāyāmo sammāsatīti idampi dvayaṃ kiccato sammappadhānasatipaṭṭhānavasena cattāri nāmāni labhati. Sammāsamādhi pana pubbabhāgepi maggakkhaṇepi sammāsamādhiyeva. Iti imesu aṭṭhasu dhammesu bhagavatā nibbānādhigamāya paṭipannassa yogino bahuppakārattā paṭhamaṃ sammādiṭṭhi desitā. Ayañhi "paññāpajoto paññāsatthan"ti ^1- pavuttā. Tasmā etāya pubbabhāge vipassanāñāṇasaṅkhātāya sammādiṭṭhiyā avijjandhakāraṃ vidhametvā ^2- kilesacore ghātento khemena yogāvacaro nibbānaṃ pāpuṇāti. Tena vuttaṃ "nibbānādhigamāya paṭipannassa yogino bahuppakārattā paṭhamaṃ sammādiṭṭhi desitā"ti. Sammāsaṅkappo pana tassā bahuppakāro. Tasmā tadanantaraṃ vutto. Yathā hi heraññiko hatthena parivattetvā parivattetvā cakkhunā kahāpaṇaṃ olokento "ayaṃ kūṭo ayaṃ cheko"ti jānāti, evaṃ yogāvacaropi pubbabhāge vitakkena vitakketvā vitakketvā vipassanāpaññāya olokayamāno "ime dhammā kāmāvacarā ime dhammā rūpāvacarādayo"ti jānāti. Yathā vā pana purisena koṭiyaṃ gahetvā parivattetvā parivattetvā dinnaṃ mahārukkhaṃ tacchako vāsiyā tacchetvā kamme upaneti, evaṃ vitakkena vitakketvā vitakketvā dinne dhamme yogāvacaro paññāya "ime dhammā kāmāvacarā ime dhammā rūpāvacarā"tiādinā nayena paricchinditvā kamme upaneti. Tena vuttaṃ "sammāsaṅkappo pana tassā bahuppakāro. Tasmā tadanantaraṃ vutto"ti. @Footnote: ¹ abhi. 34/20,29/24,26 ² cha.Ma. viddhaṃsetvā

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Svāyaṃ yathā sammādiṭṭhiyā, evaṃ sammāvācāyapi upakārako. Yathāha "pubbe kho gahapati vitakketvā vicāretvā pacchā vācaṃ bhindatī"ti. ^1- Tasmā tadanantaraṃ sammāvācā vuttā. Yasmā pana idañcidañca karissāmāti paṭhamaṃ vācāya saṃvidahitvā loke kammante payojenti, tasmā vācā kāyakammassa upakārikāti sammāvācāya anantaraṃ sammākammanto vutto. Catubbidhaṃ pana vacīduccaritaṃ tividhaṃ kāyaduccaritaṃ pahāya ubhayaṃ sucaritaṃ pūrentasseva yasmā ājīvaṭṭhamakaṃ sīlaṃ pūrati, na itarassa. Tasmā tadubhayānantaraṃ sammāājīvo vutto. Evaṃ suddhājīvena "parisuddho me ājīvo"ti ettāvatā paritosaṃ katvā ^2- suttapamattena viharituṃ na yuttaṃ, athakho sabbairiyāpathesu idaṃ viriyamārabhitabbanti dassetuṃ tadanantaraṃ sammāvāyāmo vutto. Tato āraddhaviriyenāpi kāyādīsu catūsu vatthūsu sati suppatiṭṭhitā kātabbāti dassanatthaṃ tadanantaraṃ sammāsati desitā. Yasmā pana evaṃ suppatiṭṭhitā sati samādhissa upakārānupakārānaṃ dhammānaṃ gatiyo samanvesitvā pahoti ekattārammaṇe cittaṃ samādhātuṃ, tasmā sammāsatianantaraṃ sammāsamādhi desitoti veditabbo. Sammādiṭṭhiniddese "dukkhe ñāṇan"tiādinā catusaccakammaṭṭhānaṃ dassitaṃ. Tattha purimāni dve saccāni vaṭṭaṃ, pacchimāni vivaṭṭaṃ. Tesu bhikkhuno vaṭṭe kammaṭṭhānābhiniveso hoti, vivaṭṭe natthi abhiniveso. Purimāni hi dve saccāni "pañcakkhandhā dukkhaṃ, taṇhā samudayo"ti evaṃ saṅkhepena ca "katame pañcakkhandhā, rūpakkhandho"tiādinā nayena vitthārena ca ācariyasantike uggaṇhitvā vācāya @Footnote: ¹ Ma.mū. 12/463/413 ² cha.Ma. akatvā

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Punappunaṃ parivattento yogāvacaro kammaṃ karoti. Itaresu pana dvīsu saccesu "nirodhasaccaṃ iṭṭhaṃ kantaṃ manāpaṃ, maggasaccaṃ iṭṭhaṃ kantaṃ manāpan"ti evaṃ savaneneva kammaṃ karoti. So evaṃ kammaṃ karonto cattāri saccāni ekena paṭivedhena paṭivijjhati, ekābhisamayena abhisameti. Dukkhaṃ pariññāpaṭivedhena paṭivijjhati, samudayaṃ pahānapaṭivedhena, nirodhaṃ sacchikiriyāpaṭivedhena, maggaṃ bhāvanāpaṭivedhena paṭivijjhati. Dukkhaṃ pariññābhisamayena .pe. Maggaṃ bhāvanābhisamayena abhisameti. Evamassa pubbabhāge dvīsu saccesu uggahaparipucchāsavanadhāraṇasammasanapaṭivedho hoti, dvīsu savanapaṭivedhoyeva. Aparabhāge tīsu kiccato paṭivedho hoti, nirodhe ārammaṇapaṭivedho. Tattha sabbampi paṭivedhañāṇaṃ lokuttaraṃ. Savanadhāraṇasammasanañāṇaṃ lokiyaṃ kāmāvacaraṃ. Paccavekkhaṇā pana maggasaccassa ^1- hoti. Ayañca ādikammiko, tasmā sā idha na vuttā. Imassa ca bhikkhuno pubbe pariggahato "dukkhaṃ parijānāmi, samudayaṃ pajahāmi, nirodhaṃ sacchikaromi, maggaṃ bhāvemī"ti ābhogasamannāhāramanasikārapaccavekkhaṇā natthi. Pariggahato paṭṭhāya hoti. Aparabhāge pana dukkhaṃ pariññātameva hoti .pe. Maggo bhāvitova hoti. Tatthassa ^2- dve saccāni duddasattā gambhīrāni. Dve gambhīrattā duddasāni. Dukkhasaccañhi uppattito pākaṭaṃ, khāṇukaṇṭakappahārādīsu "aho dukkhan"ti vattabbatampi āpajjati. Samudayampi khāditukāmatābhuñjitukāmatādivasena uppattito pākaṭaṃ. Lakkhaṇapaṭivedhato pana ubhayaṃ tampi gambhīraṃ. Iti tāni duddasattā gambhīrāni. Itaresaṃ pana dvinnaṃ dassanatthāya payogo bhavaggagahaṇatthaṃ hatthappasāraṇaṃ viya avīciphusanatthaṃ pādappasāraṇaṃ viya satadhābhinnavālassa koṭiyā koṭipaṭipādanaṃ viya ca hoti. Iti tāni gambhīrattā duddasāni. Evaṃ duddasattā gambhīresu gambhīrattā ca duddasesu catūsu saccesu uggahādivasena pubbabhāgañāṇuppattiṃ sandhāya idaṃ "dukkhe ñāṇan"tiādi vuttaṃ. Paṭivedhakkhaṇe pana ekameva taṃ ^3- ñāṇaṃ hoti. @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. pattasaccassa ² cha.Ma. tattha ³ cha.Ma. ayaṃ pāṭho na dissati

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Sammāsaṅkappaniddese kāmato nissaṭoti nekkhammasaṅkapPo. Byāpādato nissaṭoti abyāpādasaṅkapPo. Vihiṃsato nissaṭoti avihiṃsāsaṅkapPo. Tattha nekkhammavitakko kāmavitakkassa padaghātaṃ padacchedaṃ karonto uppajjati, abyāpādavitakko byāpādavitakkassa, avihiṃsāvitakko vihiṃsāvitakkassa. Nekkhammavitakko ca kāmavitakkassa paccanīko hutvā uppajjati, abyāpādaavihiṃsāvitakkā byāpādavihiṃsāvitakkānaṃ. Tattha yogāvacaro kāmavitakkassa padaghātanatthaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ vā sammasati aññaṃ vā pana ^1- kiñci saṅkhāraṃ. Athassa vipassanākkhaṇe vipassanāsampayutto saṅkappo tadaṅgavasena kāmavitakkassa padaghātaṃ padacchedaṃ karonto uppajjati, vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā maggaṃ pāpeti. Athassa maggakkhaṇe maggasampayutto saṅkappo samucchedavasena kāmavitakkassa padaghātaṃ padacchedaṃ karonto uppajjati. Byāpādavitakkassāpi padaghātanatthaṃ byāpādavitakkaṃ vā aññaṃ vā saṅkhāraṃ sammasati. Vihiṃsāvitakkassa padaghātanatthaṃ vihiṃsāvitakkaṃ vā aññaṃ vā saṅkhāraṃ sammasati. Athassa vipassanākkhaṇeti sabbaṃ purimanayeneva yojetabbaṃ. Kāmavitakkādīnaṃ pana tiṇṇampi pāliyaṃ vibhattesu aṭṭhatiṃsārammaṇesu ekaṃ kammaṭṭhānampi apaccanīkaṃ nāma natthi. Ekantato pana kāmavitakkassa tāva asubhesu paṭhamajjhānameva paccanīkaṃ, byāpādavitakkassa mettāya tikacatukkajjhānāni, vihiṃsāvitakkassa karuṇāya tikacatukkajjhānāni. Tasmā asubhe parikammaṃ katvā jhānaṃ samāpannassa samāpattikkhaṇe jhānasampayutto saṅkappo vikkhambhanavasena kāmavitakkassa paccanīko hutvā uppajjati. Jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapentassa vipassanākkhaṇe vipassanāsampayutto saṅkappo tadaṅgavasena kāmavitakkassa paccanīko hutvā uppajjati. Vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā maggaṃ pāpentassa maggakkhaṇe maggasampayutto saṅkappo samucchedavasena kāmavitakkassa paccanīko hutvā uppajjati. Evaṃ uppanno nekkhammasaṅkappoti vuccatīti veditabbo. @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. pana-saddo na dissati

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Mettāya pana parikammaṃ katvā, karuṇāya parikammaṃ katvā jhānaṃ samāpajjatīti sabbaṃ purimanayeneva yojetabbaṃ. Evaṃ uppanno abyāpādasaṅkappoti vuccati, avihiṃsāsaṅkappoti vuccatīti veditabbo. Evamete nekkhammasaṅkappādayo vipassanājhānavasena uppattīnaṃ nānattā pubbabhāge nānā. Maggakkhaṇe pana imesu tīsu ṭhānesu uppannassa akusalasaṅkappassa padacchedato anuppattisādhanavasena maggaṅgaṃ pūrayamāno ekova kusalasaṅkappo uppajjati. Ayaṃ sammāsaṅkappo nāma. Sammāvācāniddesepi yasmā aññeneva cittena musāvādā viramati, aññena ^1- pisuṇāvācādīhi, tasmā catassopetā veramaṇiyo pubbabhāge nānā. Maggakkhaṇe pana micchāvācāsaṅkhātāya catubbidhāya akusaladussīlyacetanāya padacchedato anuppattisādhanavasena maggaṅgaṃ pūrayamānā ekāva sammāvācāsaṅkhātā kusalaveramaṇī uppajjati. Ayaṃ sammāvācā nāma. Sammākammantaniddesepi yasmā aññeneva cittena pāṇātipātā viramati, aññena adinnādānā, aññena kāmesu micchācārā, tasmā tissopetā veramaṇiyo pubbabhāge nānā. Maggakkhaṇe pana micchākammantasaṅkhātāya tividhāya akusaladussīlyacetanāya padacchedato anuppattisādhanavasena maggaṅgaṃ pūrayamānā ekāva sammākammantasaṅkhātā kusalaveramaṇī uppajjati. Ayaṃ sammākammanto nāma. Sammāājīvaniddese idhāti imasmiṃ sāsane. Ariyasāvakoti ariyassa buddhassa sāvako. Micchāājīvaṃ pahāyāti pāpakaṃ ājīvaṃ pajahitvā. Sammāājīvenāti buddhapasaṭṭhena kusalaājīvena. Jīvikaṃ kappetīti jīvitappavattiṃ pavatteti. Idhāpi yasmā aññeneva cittena kāyadvāravītikkamā viramati, aññena vacīdvāravītikkamā, tasmā pubbabhāge nānakkhaṇesu uppajjati. Maggakkhaṇe pana dvīsu dvāresu sattannaṃ kammapathānaṃ vasena uppannāya micchāājīvadussīlyacetanāya padacchedato anuppattisādhanavasena maggaṅgaṃ pūrayamānā ekāva sammāājīvasaṅkhātā kusalaveramaṇī uppajjati. Ayaṃ sammāājīvo nāma. @Footnote: ¹ cha.Ma. aññenaññena

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Sammāvāyāmaniddeso sammappadhānavibhaṅge anupadavaṇṇanāvasena āvībhavissati. Ayaṃ pana pubbabhāge nānācittesu labbhati. Aññeneva hi cittena anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya vāyāmaṃ karoti, aññena uppannānampahānāya. Aññeneva ca anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya, aññena uppannānaṃ ṭhitiyā. Maggakkhaṇe pana ekacitteyeva labbhati. Ekameva hi maggasampayuttaṃ viriyaṃ catukiccasādhanaṭṭhena cattāri nāmāni labhati. Sammāsatiniddesopi satipaṭṭhānavibhaṅge anupadavaṇṇanāvasena āvībhavissati. Ayampi ca pubbabhāge nānācittesu labbhati. Aññeneva hi cittena kāyaṃ pariggaṇhāti, aññenaññena vedanādīni. Maggakkhaṇe pana ekacitteyeva labbhati. Ekāyeva hi maggasampayuttā sati catukiccasādhanaṭṭhena cattāri nāmāni labhati. Sammāsamādhiniddese cattāri jhānāni pubbabhāgepi nānā, maggakkhaṇepi. Pubbabhāge samāpattivasena nānā, maggakkhaṇe nānāmaggavasena. Ekassa hi paṭhamamaggo paṭhamajjhāniko hoti, dutiyamaggādayopi paṭhamajjhānikā vā dutiyādīsu aññatarajjhānikā vā. Ekassa paṭhamamaggo dutiyādīnaṃ aññatarajjhāniko hoti, dutiyādayopi dutiyādīnaṃ aññatarajjhānikā vā paṭhamajjhānikā vā. Evaṃ cattāropi maggā jhānavasena sadisā vā asadisā vā ekaccasadisā vā honti. Ayaṃ panassa viseso pādakajjhānaniyāmena hoti. Pādakajjhānaniyāmena tāva paṭhamajjhānalābhino paṭhamajjhānā vuṭṭhāya vipassantassa uppanno maggo paṭhamajjhāniko hoti. Maggaṅgabojjhaṅgāni cettha paripuṇṇāneva honti. Dutiyajjhānato vuṭṭhāya vipassantassa uppanno maggo dutiyajjhāniko hoti, maggaṅgāni panettha satta honti. Tatiyajjhānato vuṭṭhāya vipassantassa uppanno maggo tatiyajjhāniko hoti, maggaṅgāni panettha satta bojjhaṅgāni cha honti. Esa nayo catutthajjhānato paṭṭhāya yāva nevasaññānāsaññāyatanā.

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Āruppe catukkapañcakajjhānaṃ uppajjati, tañca kho lokuttaraṃ no lokiyanti vuttaṃ, ettha kathanti? etthāpi paṭhamajjhānādīsu yato vuṭṭhāya sotāpattimaggaṃ paṭilabhitvā arūpasamāpattiṃ bhāvetvā yo āruppe uppanno, tajjhānikāva tassa tattha tayo maggā uppajjanti. Evaṃ pādakajjhānameva niyāmeti. Keci pana therā "vipassanāya ārammaṇabhūtā khandhā niyāmentī"ti vadanti. Keci "puggalajjhāsayo niyāmetī"ti vadanti. Keci "vuṭṭhānagāminīvipassanā niyāmetī"ti vadanti. Tesaṃ vādavinicchayo heṭṭhā cittuppādakaṇḍe lokuttarapadabhājanīyavaṇṇanāyaṃ ^1- vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Ayaṃ vuccati sammāsamādhīti yā imesu catūsu jhānesu ekaggatā, ayaṃ pubbabhāge lokiyo, aparabhāge lokuttaro sammāsamādhi nāma vuccatīti. Evaṃ lokiyalokuttaravasena bhagavā maggasaccaṃ desesi. Tattha lokiyamagge sabbāneva maggaṅgāni yathānurūpaṃ chasu ārammaṇesu aññatarārammaṇāni honti. Lokuttaramagge pana catusaccapaṭivedhāya pavattassa ariyasāvakassa ^2- nibbānārammaṇaṃ avijjānusayasamugghātakaṃ paññācakkhu sammādiṭṭhi, tathā sampannadiṭṭhissa taṃsampayuttaṃ tividhamicchāsaṅkappasamugghātakaṃ cetaso nibbāna- padābhiniropanaṃ sammāsaṅkappo, tathā passantassa vitakkentassa ca taṃsampayuttāva catubbidhavacīduccaritasamugghātikā micchāvācāya virati sammāvācā, tathā viramantassa taṃsampayuttāva micchākammantasamucchedikā tividhakāyaduccaritavirati sammākammanto, tesaṃyevassa sammāvācākammantānaṃ vodānabhūtā taṃsampayuttāva kuhanādisamucchedikā micchāājīvavirati sammāājīvo. Imissāpi sammāvācākammantājīvasaṅkhātāya sīla- bhūmiyā patiṭṭhamānassa tadanurūpo taṃsampayuttova kosajjasamucchedako anuppannup- pannānaṃ akusalakusalānaṃ anuppādapahānuppādaṭṭhitisādhako ca viriyārambho sammāvāyāmoti evaṃ vāyamantassa taṃsampayutto micchāsativiniddhunako kāyādīsu kāyānupassanādisādhako ca cetaso asammoso sammāsati, iti anuttarāya satiyā suvihitacittārakkhassa @Footnote: ¹ saṅgaṇī. A. 1/350/285 ² cha.Ma. ariyassa

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Taṃsampayuttāva micchāsamādhisamugghātikā cittekaggatā sammāsamādhīti. Esa lokuttaro ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, yo saha lokiyena maggena dukkhanirodhagāminīpaṭipadāti saṅkhyaṃ ^1- gato. So kho panesa maggo sammādiṭṭhisaṅkappānaṃ vijjāya, sesadhammānaṃ caraṇena gahitattā ^2- vijjā ceva caraṇañca. Tathā tesaṃ dvinnaṃ vipassanāñāṇena ^3- itaresaṃ samathañāṇena ^3- saṅgahitattā samatho ceva vipassanā ca. Tesaṃ vā dvinnaṃ paññākkhandhena tadanantarānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ sīlakkhandhena avasesānaṃ samādhikkhandhena adhipaññāadhisīlaadhicittasikkhāhi ca saṅgahitattā khandhattayañceva sikkhattayañca hoti, yena samannāgato ariyasāvako dassanasamatthehi cakkhūhi gamanasamatthehi ca pādehi samannāgato addhiko viya vijjācaraṇasampanno hutvā vipassanāñāṇena kāmasukhallikānuyogaṃ, samathañāṇena attakilamathānuyoganti antadvayaṃ parivajjetvā majjhimapaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno paññākkhandhena mohakkhandhaṃ sīlakkhandhena dosakkhandhaṃ samādhikkhandhena ca lobhakkhandhaṃ padālento adhipaññāsikkhāya paññāsampadaṃ, adhisīlasikkhāya sīlasampadaṃ, adhicittasikkhāya samādhisampadanti tisso sampattiyo patvā amataṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikaroti, ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sattatiṃsabodhipakkhiya- dhammaratanavicittaṃ sammattaniyāmasaṅkhātaṃ ariyabhūmiñca okkanto hotīti. Suttantabhājanīyavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā. --------------

The Pali Atthakatha in Roman Book 54 page 89-130. http://84000.org/tipitaka/atthapali/rm_line.php?B=54&A=2078&pagebreak=1 อรรถกถาบาลีอักษรไทย :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/atthapali/read_th.php?B=54&A=2078&pagebreak=1 อ่านอรรถกถาแปลไทย :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/attha/attha.php?b=35&i=144 เนื้อความพระไตรปิฎกฉบับหลวง :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/r.php?B=35&A=2637 พระไตรปิฎกฉบับบาลีอักษรไทย :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/pali_read.php?B=35&A=2598 The Pali Tipitaka in Roman Character :- http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/roman_read.php?B=35&A=2598 Contents of The Tipitaka Volume 35 http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/?index_35