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Brahmaviharakatha
[251] Idani mettadibrahmaviharavasena pavattamanam rupavacarakusalam
dassetum puna "katame dhamma kusala"tiadi araddham. Tattha mettasahagatanti
mettaya samannagatam. Parato karunasahagatadisupi eseva nayo. Yena panesa
vidhanena patipanno mettadisahagatani jhanani upasampajja viharati, tam mettadinam
bhavanavidhanam sabbam visuddhimagge 1- vittharitameva, avasesaya paliya attho
pathavikasine vuttanayeneva veditabbo.
Kevalam hi pathavikasine pancavisati navaka, idha purimasu tisu tikacatukkajjhanikavasena
pancavisati sattaka. Upekkhaya catutthajjhanavasena pancavisati
ekaka. Karunamuditasu ca chandadihi catuhi saddhim karunamuditati imepi
yevapanaka labbhanti. Dukkhapatipadadibhavo cettha mettaya tava
byapadavikkhambhanavasena, karunaya vihimsavikkhambhanavasena, muditaya arativikkhambhanavasena,
upekkhaya ragapatighavikkhambhanavasena veditabboti. 2- Parittarammanata pana
nabahusattarammanavasena, appamanarammanata bahusattarammanavasena hotiti ayam
viseso. Sesam tadisameva.
@Footnote: 1 visuddhi. 2/90 adi 2 cha.Ma. iti-saddo na dissati
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page247.
Evam tava palivaseneva:-
brahmuttamena kathite brahmavihare ime iti viditva
bhiyyo etesu ayam pakinnakakathapi vinneyya. 1-
Etasu hi mettakarunamuditaupekkhasu atthato tava mejjatiti metta,
sinehatiti 2- attho. Mitte va bhava, mittassa va esa pavattitipi metta.
Paradukkhe sati sadhunam hadayakampanam karotiti karuna, kinati va paradukkham himsati
vinasetiti karuna, kiriyati va dukkhitesu pharanavasena pasariyatiti karuna. Modanti
taya tamsamangino, sayam va modati, modanamattameva va tanti mudita. "avera
hontu"tiadibyapadappahanena 3- majjhattabhavupagamanena ca upekkhatiti upekkha.
Lakkhanadito panettha hitakarappavattilakkhana metta, hitupasamhararasa,
aghatavinayapaccupatthana, sattanam manapabhavadassanapadatthana. Byapadupasamo
etissa sampatti, sinehasambhavo vipatti. Dukkhapanayanakarappavattilakkhana karuna,
paradukkhasahanarasa, avihimsapaccupatthana, dukkhabhibhutanam anathabhavadassanapadatthana.
Vihimsupasamo etissa 4- sampatti, sokasambhavo vipatti. Sattesu
pamodanalakkhana mudita, anissayanarasa, arativighatapaccupatthana, sattanam
sampattidassanapadatthana. Arativupasamo tassa sampatti, pahasasambhavo vipatti.
Sattesu majjhattakarappavattilakkhana upekkha, sattesu samabhavadassanarasa,
patighanunayavupasamapaccupatthana, "kammassaka hi satta, te kassa ruciya sukhita
va bhavissanti, dukkhato va muccissanti, sampattito 5- va na parihayissanti"ti
evam pavattakammassakatadassanapadatthana. Patighanunayavupasamo tassa sampatti,
gehanissitaya annanupekkhaya sambhavo vipatti.
Catunnampi panetesam brahmaviharanam vipassanasukhanceva bhavasampatti ca
sadharanappayojanam, byapadadipatighato avenikam. Byapadapatighatappayojana
hettha metta, vihimsaaratiragapatighatappayojana itarapi. Vuttampi cetam:-
@Footnote: 1 visuddhi. 2/122 brahmaviharaniddesa 2 cha.Ma. siniyhatiti
@3 cha.Ma....byaparappahanena 4 cha.Ma. tassa 5 cha.Ma. pattasampattito
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page248.
"nissaranam hetam avuso byapadassa, yadidam mettacetovimutti.
Nissaranam hetam avuso vihesaya, yadidam karunacetovimutti. Nissaranam
hetam avuso aratiya, yadidam muditacetovimutti. Nissaranam hetam avuso
ragassa, yadidam upekkhacetovimutti"ti. 1-
Ekamekassa cettha asannaduravasena dve dve paccatthika. Mettabrahmaviharassa
hi samipacaro viya purisassa sapatto gunadassanasabhagataya rago
asannapaccatthiko, so lahum otaram labhati, tasma tato sutthu metta rakkhitabba.
Pabbatadigahananissito viya purisassa sapatto sabhagavisabhagataya 2- byapado
durapaccatthiko, tasma tato nibbhayena mettayitabbam. Mettayissati ca nama
kopanca karissatiti atthanametam.
Karunabrahmaviharassa "cakkhuvinneyyanam rupanam itthanam kantanam manapanam
manoramanam lokamisapatisamyuttanam appatilabham va appatilabhato samanupassato
pubbe va patiladdhapubbam atitam niruddham viparinatam samanussarato uppajjati
domanassam. Yam evarupam domanassam, idam vuccati gehanissitam 3- domanassan"ti
adina 4- nayena agatam gehanissitam domanassam vipattidassanasabhagataya
asannapaccatthikam, sabhagavisabhagataya vihesa durapaccatthika, tasma tato nibbhayena
karunayitabbam. Karunanca nama karissati panippaharadihi 5- ca vihesissatiti
atthanametam.
Muditabrahmaviharassa "cakkhuvinneyyanam rupanam itthanam kantanam
manapanam manoramanam lokamisapatisamyuttanam patilabham va patilabhato samanupassato
pubbe va patiladdhapubbam atitam niruddham viparinatam samanussarato uppajjati
somanassam. Yam evarupam somanassam, idam vuccati gehanissitam somanassan"tiadina 6-
nayena agatam gehanissitam somanassam sampattidassanasabhagataya asannapaccatthikam,
@Footnote: 1 di.pa. 10/326/218-219, an. chakka. 22/284/324 (sya)
@2 cha.Ma. sabhavavisabhagataYu. evamuparipi
@3 cha.Ma. gehassitam. evamuparipi 4 Ma.u. 14/307/281
@5 cha.Ma. paniadihi 6 Ma.u. 14/306/280
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page249.
Sabhagavisabhagataya arati durapaccatthika, tasma tato nibbhayena mudita bhavetabba.
Pamudito ca nama bhavissati, pantasenasanesu ca adhikusaladhammesu ca ukkanthissatiti
atthanametam.
Upekkhabrahmaviharassa pana "cakkhuna rupam disva uppajjati upekkha
balassa mulhassa puthujjanassa 1- anodhijinassa avipakajinassa anadinavadassavino
assutavato puthujjanassa. Ya evarupa upekkha, rupam sa nativattati, tasma
sa upekkha gehanissitati vuccati"tiadina 2- nayena agata gehanissita
annanupekkha dosagunaavicaranavasena sabhagatta asannapaccatthika,
sabhagavisabhagataya ragapatigha durapaccatthika, tasma tato nibbhayena upekkhitabbam.
Upekkhissati ca nama rajjissati ca patihannissati cati atthanametam.
Sabbesampi ca etesam kattukamyatachando adi, nivaranadivikkhambhanam majjham,
appana pariyosanam. Pannattidhammavasena eko va satto aneka va satta
arammanam, upacare va appanaya va pattaya arammanavaddhanam.
Tatrayam vaddhanakkamo:- yatha hi kusalo kasako 3- kasitabbatthanam
paricchinditva kasati, evam pathamameva ekam avasam paricchinditva tattha sattesu
"imasmim avase satta avera hontu"tiadina nayena metta bhavetabba.
Tattha cittam mudum kammaniyam katva dve avasa paricchinditabba. Tato
anukkamena tayo, cattaro, panca, cha. Satta, attha, nava, dasa, eka raccha,
upaddhagamo, gamo, janapado, rajjam, eka disati evam yava ekacakkavalam,
tato va pana bhiyyo tattha tattha sattesu metta bhavetabba. Tatha
karunadayoti ayamettha arammanavaddhanakkamoti. 4-
Yatha pana kasinanam nissando rupasamapatti, samadhinam nissando
nevasannanasannayatanam, vipassananam nissando phalasamapatti, samathavipassananam
nissando nirodhasamapatti, evam purimabrahmaviharattayassa nissando ettha
@Footnote: 1 ka.annanassa 2 Ma.u. 14/308/282
@3 cha.Ma. kassako 4 cha.Ma. iti-saddo na dissati
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page250.
Upekkhabrahmaviharo. Yatha hi thambhe anussapetva tulasanghatam anaropetva
na sakka akase kutagopanasiyo thapetum, evam purimesu tatiyajjhanam vina na
sakka catuttham bhavetum, kasinesu pana uppannatatiyajjhanassapi esa nuppajjati
visabhagarammanattati.
Tattha 1- siya "kasma paneta mettakarunamuditaupekkhabrahmaviharati
vuccanti, kasma ca catasso, ko ca etasam kamo, vibhange ca kasma `appamanna'ti
vutta"ti. Vuccate:- setthatthena tava niddosabhavena cettha brahmaviharata
veditabba. Sattesu sammapatipattibhavena hi settha ete vihaRa. Yatha ca
brahmano niddosacitta viharanti, evam etehi sampayutta yogino brahmasamava
hutva viharantiti setthatthena niddosabhavena ca "brahmavihara"ti vuccanti.
Kasma ca catassotiadipanhassa pana idam vissajjanam:-
visuddhimaggadivasa catasso
hitadiakaravasa panasam
kamo pavattanti ca appamane
ta gocare yena tadappamannati. 2-
Etasu hi yasma metta byapadabahulassa, karuna vihimsabahulassa,
mudita aratibahulassa, upekkha ragabahulassa visuddhimaggo, yasma ca
hitupasamharaahitapanayanasampattimodanaanabhogavasena catubbidhoyeva sattesu manasikaro,
yasma ca yatha mata daharagilanayobbanappattasabbakiccapasutesu 3- catusu puttesu
daharassa abhivuddhikama hoti, gilanassa gelannapanayanakama, yobbanappattassa
yobbanasampattiya ciratthitikama, sabbakiccapasutassa kismincipi pariyaye abyavata
hoti, tatha appamannaviharikenapi sabbasattesu mettadivasena bhavitabbam, tasma
ito visuddhimaggadivasa catassova appamanna.
@Footnote: 1 cha. ettha 2 visuddhi. 2/127 brahmaviharaniddesa 3 cha.Ma......sakiccapasutesu
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page251.
Yasma pana catassopeta bhavetukamena pathamam hitakarappavattivasena
sattesu patipajjitabbam, hitakarappavattilakkhana ca metta, tato evam
patthitahitanam sattanam dukkhabhibhavam disva va sutva va sambhavetva va
dukkhapanayanakarappavattivasena, dukkhapanayanakarappavattilakkhana ca karuna. Athevam
patthitahitanam patthitadukkhapagamananca tesam sampattim disva sampattipamodanavasena,
pamodanalakkhana ca mudita. Tato param pana 1- kattabbabhavato ajjhupekkhakatasankhatena
majjhattakarena patipajjitabbam, majjhattakarappavattilakkhana ca
upekkha. Tasma ito hitadiakaravasa panasam pathamam metta vutta, atha
"karuna mudita upekkha"ti ayam kamo veditabbo.
Yasma pana sabbapeta appamane gocare pavattanti, tasma "appamanna"ti
vuccanti. Appamana hi satta etasam gocarabhuta, ekasattassapi ca ettake
padese mettadayo bhavetabbati evam pamanam aggahetva sakalapharanavaseneva
pavattati. Tena vuttam:-
"visuddhimaggadivasa catasso
hitadiakaravasa panasam
kamo pavattanti ca appamane
ta gocare yena tadappamanna"ti.
Evam appamanagocarataya ekalakkhanasu capi etasu purima tisso
tikacatukkajjhanikava honti. Kasma? somanassavippayogato. Kasma panasam
somanassena avippayogoti? domanassasamutthitanam byapadadinam nissaranatta.
Pacchima pana avasesaekajjhanikava. Kasma? upekkhavedanasampayogato.
Na hi sattesu majjhattakarappavatta brahmaviharupekkha upekkhavedanam vina
pavattatiti. 2-
Brahmaviharakatha nitthita.
-------------
@Footnote: 1 Ma. puna 2 cha.Ma. vattatiti
The Pali Atthakatha in Roman Book 53 page 246-251.
http://84000.org/tipitaka/atthapali/read_rm.php?B=53&A=6164&modeTY=2&pagebreak=1
อรรถกถาบาลีอักษรไทย :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/atthapali/read_th.php?B=53&A=6164&modeTY=2&pagebreak=1
อ่านอรรถกถาแปลไทย :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/attha/attha.php?b=34&i=190
เนื้อความพระไตรปิฎกฉบับหลวง :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/r.php?B=34&A=1921
พระไตรปิฎกฉบับบาลีอักษรไทย :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/pali_read.php?B=34&A=1496
The Pali Tipitaka in Roman Character :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/roman_read.php?B=34&A=1496
Contents of The Tipitaka Volume 34
http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/?index_34
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