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3. Maghadevasuttavannana
[308] Evamme sutanti maghadevasuttam. 2- Tattha maghadevambavaneti pubbe
maghadevo nama raja tam ambavanam ropesi. Tesu rukkhesu palujjamanesu aparabhage
annepi rajano ropesumyeva. Tam pana pathamavoharavasena 3- maghadevambavanantveva
sankhyam gatam. Sitam patvakasiti sayanhasamaye viharacarikam caramano ramaniyam
bhumibhagam disva "vasitapubbam nu kho imasmim okase"ti avajjento "pubbe
aham maghadevo nama raja hutva imam ambavanam ropesim, ettheva pabbajitva
cattaro brahmavihare bhavetva brahmaloke nibbattim. Tam kho panetam
karanam bhikkhusamghassa apakatam, pakatam karissami"ti attaggadante 4- dassento sitam
patum akasi.
Dhammo assa atthiti dhammiko. Dhammena raja jatoti dhammaraja. Dhamme
thitoti dasakusalakammapathadhamme thito. Dhammam caratiti samam 5- carati. Tatra
brahmanagahapatikesuti yopi so pubbarajuhi brahmananam dinnapariharo, tam
@Footnote: 1 cha.Ma. advajjhagamim 2 Si. makhadevasutta 3 Si. purimavoharavasena
@4 cha.Ma. aggaggadante 5 ka. rajadhammam
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page225.
Ahapetva pakatiniyameneva akasi, 1- tatha gahapatikanam, tam sandhayetam
vuttam. Pakkhassati imina patiharikapakkhopi sangahito. Atthamiuposathassa hi
paccuggamananuggamanavasena sattamiyanca navamiyanca, catuddasipannarasinam
paccuggamananuggamanavasena terasiyanca patipade cati ime divasa patiharikapakkhati
veditabba. Tesupi uposatham upavasi.
[309] Devadutati devoti maccu. Tassa dutadi devaduta. Sirasmim hi
palitesu patubhutesu maccurajassa santike thito viya hoti, tasma palitani
maccudevassa dutati vuccanti. Deva viya dutatipi devaduta. Yatha hi
alankatapatiyattaya devataya akase thatva "tvam asukadivase marissasi"ti 2- vutte
tam tatheva hoti, evam sirasmim palitesu patubhutesu devatabyakaranasadisameva hoti,
tasma palitani devasadisa dutati vuccanti. Visuddhidevanam dutatipi devaduta.
Sabbabodhisatta hi jinnabyadhimatapabbajite 3- disvava samvegamapajjitva nikkhamma
pabbajanti.
Yathaha:-
"jinnanca disva dukkhitanca byadhitam
matanca disva gatamayusankhayam
kasayavattham pabbajitanca disva
tasma aham pabbajitomhi raja"ti.
Imina pariyayena palitani visuddhidevanam dutatta devadutati vuccanti.
Kappakassa gamavaram datvati satasahassutthanakam jetthakagamam datva. Kasma
adasi? samviggamanasatta. Tassa hi anjalismim thapitani palitani disvava
samvego uppajjati. Annani caturasitivassasahassani ayu atthi, evam santepi
maccurajassa santike thitam viya attanam mannamano samviggo pabbajjam roceti.
Tena vuttam:-
"sise 4- disvana palitam maghadevo disampati
samvegam alabhi dhiro pabbajjam samarocayi"ti.
@Footnote: 1 cha.Ma. adasi 2 cha.Ma. asukadivase marissatiti 3 cha.Ma....byadhitamatapabbajite
@4 cha.Ma. sire
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page226.
Aparampi vuttam:-
"uttamangaruha mayham ime jata vayohara
patubhuta devaduta pabbajjasamayo mama"ti. 1-
Purisayugeti vamsasambhave purise. Kesamassum oharetvati tapasapabbajjam
pabbajantapi hi pathamam kesamassum oharetva pabbajanti, tato patthaya vaddhite
kese bandhitva jatakalapadhara hutva vicaranti. Bodhisattopi tapasapabbajjam
pabbaji. Pabbajito pana anesanam ananuyunjitva rajagehato ahatabhikkhaya
yapento brahmaviharam bhavesi. Tasma so mettasahagatenatiadi vuttam.
Kumarakilikam 2- kiliti angena angam parihariyamanova 3- kili, malakalapam
viya hi nam ukkhipitvava vicarimsu. Ranno maghadevassa putto .pe. Pabbajiti imassa
pabbajitadivase panca mangalani ahesum. Maghadevaranno matakabhattam, tassa ranno
pabbajitamangalam, tassa puttassa chattussapanamangalam, tassa puttassa uparajjamangalam,
tassa puttassa namakaranamangalanti ekasmimyeva samaye panca mangalani ahesum, 4-
sakalajambudipatale unnanganamahosi. 5-
[311] Puttapaputtakati putta ca puttaputta cati evam pavatta tassa
parampaRa. Pacchimako ahositi pabbajjapacchimako ahosi. Bodhisatto kira
brahmaloke nibbatto "pavattati nu kho tam maya manussaloke nihitam 6- kalyanam
vattan"ti avajjento addasa "ettakam addhanam pavattati, idani na pavattissati"ti.
"na kho panaham mayham paveniya ucchijjitum dassami"ti attano vamse jatarannoyeva
aggamahesiya kucchismim patisandhim gahetva attano vamsassa nemim ghatento
viya nibbatto, tenevassa nimiti namam ahosi. Iti kho so pabbajitarajunam
sabbapacchimako hutva pabbajitoti pabbajjapacchimako ahosi. Gunehi pana
atirekataro. Tassa hi sabbarajuhi atirekatara dve guna ahesum. Catusu dvaresu
@Footnote: 1 khu. ja. 27/9/3 maghadevajataka (sya) 2 Si. kumarakilakam, cha.Ma. kumakilitam
@3 cha.Ma. ankena ankam parihariyamano 4 Si. akamsu 5 cha.Ma. unnangalamahosi
@6 cha.Ma. nihatam
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page227.
Satasahassam satasahassam vissajjetva devasikam danam adasi, anuposathikassa ca
dassanam nivaresi. Anuposathikesu hi rajanam passissamati gatesu dovariko
pucchati "tumhe uposathika no"ti. 1- Ye anuposathika honti, te nivareti
"anuposathikanam raja dassanam na deti"ti. "mayam janapadavasino kale bhojanam
kuhim labhissama"tipi tattha vacanokaso natthi. Catusu hi dvaresu rajangane
ca anekani bhattacatisahassani patiyattaneva honti. Tasma mahajano
icchiticchitatthane massum karetva nahayitva vatthani parivattitva yatharucitam
bhojanam bhunjitva uposathangani adhitthaya ranno gehadvaram gacchati. Dovarikena
"uposathika tumhe"ti pucchitapucchita "ama ama"ti vadanti. "tenahi agacchatha"ti
pavesetva ranno dasseti iti imehi dvihi gunehi atirekataro ahosi.
[312] Devanam tavatimsananti tavatimsabhavane nibbattadevanam. Te kira
deva videharatthe mithilanagaravasino ranno ovade thatva panca silani
rakkhitva uposathakammam katva tattha nibbatta ranno gunakatham kathenti. Te sandhaya
vuttam "devanam tavatimsanan"ti.
Nisinno hotiti pasadavarassa uparigato dananca silanca upaparikkhamano
nisinno hoti. Evam kirassa ahosi "danam nu kho mahantam udahu silam, yadi danam
mahantam, ajjhottharitva danameva dassami. Atha silam, silameva puressami"ti. Tassa
"idam mahantam idam mahantan"ti vinicchitum 2- asakkontasseva sakko gantva
purato paturahositi. Tena vuttam athakho ananda .pe. Sammukhe paturahositi.
Evam kirassa ahosi "ranno kankha uppanna, tassa kankhacchedanattham panhanca
kathessami, idhagamanatthaya patinnanca ganhissami"ti. Tasma gantva sammukhe
paturahosi. Raja aditthapubbam rupam disva bhito ahosi lomahatthajato.
Atha nam sakko "ma bhayi maharaja, vissattho panham puccha, kankhante
pativinodessami"ti. Aha.
@Footnote: 1 cha.Ma. no vati 2 cha.Ma. nicchitum
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page228.
Raja:-
"pucchami tam maharaja sabbabhutanamissara
danam va brahmacariyam va katamam su mahapphalan"ti 1-
panham pucchi. Sakko "danam nama kim, silameva gunavisitthataya mahantam. Ahanhi
pubbe maharaja dasavassasahassani dasannam jatilasahassanam danam datva
pittivisayato na mutto, silavanto pana mayham danam bhunjitva brahmaloke
nibbatta"ti vatva ima gatha avoca:-
"hinena brahmacariyena khattiye uppajjati
majjhimena ca devattam uttamena visujjhati.
Nahete sulabha kaya yacayogena kenaci
ye kaye upapajjanti anagara tapassino"ti. 3-
Evam ranno kankham vinodetva devalokagamanaya patinnagahanattham labha
te maharajatiadimaha. Tattha avikampamanoti abhayamano. Adhivasesiti aham
mahajanam kusalam samadapemi, 4- punnavantanam pana vasanatthanam disva agato 5-
manussapathe sukham kathetum pahomiti 6- adhivasesi.
[313] Evam bhaddantavati evam hotu bhaddakam tava vacananti vatva.
Yojetvati ekasmimyeva yuge sahassaassajaniye yojetva. Tesam pana patiyekkam
yojanakiccam natthi, manam agamma yuttayeva honti. So pana dibbaratho
diyaddhayojanasatiko hoti, naddhito patthaya rathasisam pannasayojanani, akkhabandho
pannasayojanani, akkhabandhato patthaya pacchabhago pannasayojanani, sabbo
sattavannaratanamayo. Devaloko nama uddham, manussaloko adho, tasma
hetthamukham ratham pesesiti na sallakkhetabbam. Yatha pana pakatimaggam peseti,
@Footnote: 1 khu. ja. 28/526/198 nemirajataka (sya) 2 ka. khattiyam
@3 khu. ja. 28/526/199 nemirajajataka (sya) 4 Ma. samadapesim
@5 cha.Ma. agatena 6 cha.Ma. hotiti
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page229.
Evameva manussanam sayamasabhatte nitthite candena 1- saddhim yuganaddhanam katva
pesesi, yamakacanda utthita viya ahesum. Mahajano disva "yamakacanda uggata"ti
aha. Agacchante agacchante na yamakacanda, etampi 2- vimanam, na vimanam,
eko rathoti. Rathopi agacchanto agacchantopi pakatirathappamanova, assapi
pakatiassappamanava ahesum. Evam ratham aharitva ranno pasadam padakkhinam
katva pacinasihapanjaratthane ratham nivattetva agatamaggabhimukham sihapanjare
thatvava arohanasajjam thapesi.
Abhiruha maharajati raja "dibbayanam me laddhan"ti na tavadeva abhiruhi,
nagaranam pana ovadam adasi "passatha tata, ayam me sakkena devaranna
dibbarathopi 3- pesito, so ca kho na jatim va gottam va kulapadesam va
paticca pesito, mayham pana silacaragunesu 4- pasiditva pesito. Sace tumhepi
silam rakkhissatha, tumhakampi pesissati, evam rakkhitum yuttam nametam silam. Naham
devalokam gantva cirayissami, appamatta hotha"ti mahajanam ovaditva
pancasu silesu patitthapetva ratham abhiruhi. Tato matali sangahako "ahampi
maharajassa mamanucchavikam karissami"ti akasamhi dve magge dassetva
apica maharajatiadimaha.
Tattha katamenati maharaja imesu maggesu eko nirayam gacchati,
eko devalokam, tesu tam katamena nemi. Yenati yena maggena gantva yattha
papakammanta papakanam kammanam vipakam patisamvediyanti, tam thanam sakka hoti
passitunti attho. Dutiyapadepi eseva nayo. Jatakepi:-
"kena tam nemi maggena rajasettha disampati
yena va papakammanta punnakamma ca ye nara"ti 5-
gathaya ayamevattho. Tenevaha:-
@Footnote: 1 Si. navacandena 2 cha.Ma. ekam 3 cha.Ma. pisaddo na dissati
@4 cha.Ma. silacaragune 5 khu. ja. 28/537/201 nemirajajataka (sya)
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page230.
"nirayam 1- tava passami avasam 2- papakamminam
thanani luddakammanam dussilanam ca ya gati"ti. 3-
Ubhayeneva mam matali nehiti matali dvihipi maggehi mam nehi, aham
nirayam passitukamo devalokampiti. Pathamam katamena nemiti. Pathamam nirayamaggena
nehiti. Tato matali attano anubhavena rajanam pancadasa mahaniraye dassesi.
Vittharakatha panettha:-
"dassesi matali ranno duggam vetaranim nadim
kutthitam 4- kharasamyuttam tattam aggisikhupaman"ti 5-
jatake vuttanayena veditabba. Nirayam dassetva ratham nivattetva devalokabhimukham
gantva biranidevadhitaya sonadinnadevaputtassa ganadevaputtanam ca vimanani
dassento devalokam nesi. Tatrapi vittharakatha:-
"yadi te suta birani 6- jivaloke
amayadasi ahu brahmanassa
sa pattakalam 7- atithim viditva
matava puttam sakimabhinandi
samyama samvibhaga ca, sa vimanasmi modati"ti 8-
jatake vuttanayeneva veditabba.
Evam gacchato pana tassa rathanemi vattiya cittakutadvarakotthakassa ummare
pahatamatteva devanagare kolahalam ahosi. Sakkam devarajanam ekakamyeva ohaya
devasangho mahasattassa 9- puccuggamanamakasi. Tam devatanam adaram 10- disva sakko
cittam sandharetum asakkonto "abhirama maharaja devesu devanubhavena"ti aha.
@Footnote: 1 cha.Ma. niraye 2 cha.Ma. avase 3 khu. ja. 28/538/201 nemirajajataka (sya)
@4 cha.Ma. kuthitam 5 khu. ja. 28/539/201 nemirajajataka (sya) 6 ka. bharani
@7 cha.Ma. pattakale 8 khu. ja. 28/572 nemirajajataka (sya) 9 cha.Ma. mahasattam
@10 Ma., ka. agatam
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page231.
Evam kirassa ahosi "ayam raja ajjagantva ekadivaseneva devaganam attano
abhimukhamakasi. Sace ekam dve divase vasissati, na mam deva olokessanti"ti.
So ussuyayamano 1- "maharaja tuyham imasmim devaloke vasitum punnam natthi,
annesam punnena vasahi"ti imina adhippayena evamaha. Bodhisatto "nasakkhi
jarasakko manam sandharetum, param nissaya laddham kho pana yacitva laddhabhandakam
viya hoti"ti patikkhipanto alam marisatiadimaha. Jatakepi vuttam:-
"yatha yacitakam yanam yatha yacitakam dhanam
evam sampadamevetam yam parato danapaccaya
na cahametam icchami yam parato danapaccaya"ti 2-
sabbam vattabbam.
Bodhisatto pana manussattabhavena kativare devalokam gatoti. Cattaro:-
mandhaturajakale sadhinarajakale guttilavinavadakakale nimimaharajakaleti.
So mandhatukale devaloke asankheyyam kalam vasi, tasminhi vasamaneyeva chattimsa
sakka cavimsu. Sadhinarajakale sattaham vasi, manussagananaya satta vassasatani
honti. Guttilavinavadakakale ca nemirajakale ca muhuttamattam vasi, manussagananaya
satta divasani honti.
[314] Tattheva mithilam patinesiti patinetva pakatisirigabbheyeva patitthapesi.
[315] Kalarajanakoti tassa namam. Kalaradantataya pana kalarajanakoti
vutto. Na so agarasma anagariyam pabbajiti ettakamattameva na akasi, sesam
sabbam pakatikameva ahosi.
[316] Samucchedo hotiti ettha kalyanam vattam ko samucchindati, kena
samucchinnam, ko pavatteti, kena pavattitam nama hotiti ayam vibhago veditabbo.
@Footnote: 1 cha.Ma. usuyamano 2 khu. ja. 28/597/222 nemirajajataka (sya)
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page232.
Tattha silava bhikkhu "na sakka maya arahattam laddhun"ti viriyam akaronto
samucchindati. Dussilena samucchinnam nama hoti. Satta sekha pavattenti.
Khinasavena pavattitam nama hoti, sesam sabbattha uttanamevati.
Papancasudaniya majjhimanikayatthakathaya
maghadevasuttavannana nitthita.
----------
The Pali Atthakatha in Roman Book 9 page 224-232.
http://84000.org/tipitaka/atthapali/read_rm.php?B=9&A=5653&modeTY=2&pagebreak=1
อรรถกถาบาลีอักษรไทย :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/atthapali/read_th.php?B=9&A=5653&modeTY=2&pagebreak=1
อ่านอรรถกถาแปลไทย :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/attha/attha.php?b=13&i=452
เนื้อความพระไตรปิฎกฉบับหลวง :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/r.php?B=13&A=7249
พระไตรปิฎกฉบับบาลีอักษรไทย :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/pali_read.php?B=13&A=8529
The Pali Tipitaka in Roman Character :-
http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/roman_read.php?B=13&A=8529
Contents of The Tipitaka Volume 13
http://84000.org/tipitaka/read/?index_13
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